In 2005, China produced (used) building curtain walls of about 4 150 square meters, accounting for about 80% of the world's 55 million square meters. By the end of 2005, China has installed about 200 million square meters of building curtain walls, accounting for more than half of the world's 325 million square meters. A number of large curtain wall enterprises have grown up in China, some with an annual output of over 6,543,800 square meters, and some with an annual output of 2,500,000 square meters. Their equipment level greatly exceeds that of well-known foreign curtain wall enterprises. Domestic curtain wall manufacturers have been able to provide various types of curtain walls for different buildings, and through competition with internationally renowned curtain wall enterprises, they have contracted large-scale foreign projects. Domestic enterprises occupy about 80~90% of the domestic market, while overseas companies (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan companies) occupy less than 20% of the market. In recent years, various new levels of domestic architecture have provided a solid foundation for the development of building curtain walls. During the development of building curtain wall for more than 20 years, China has trained a large number of curtain wall technical talents, with doctors and masters as the backbone. They not only successfully designed curtain walls for many large-scale projects, but also made many significant achievements in the field of curtain wall testing and theoretical research. This team of thousands of people is distributed in curtain wall production enterprises, professional testing institutions (testing centers), universities and research institutes. They are the backbone of curtain wall technology in China.
After more than 20 years' severe test, the quality of building curtain wall in China, Xiamen 99 14 typhoon, the gust wind speed reached 46m/s, and it hovered in Xiamen for more than 8 hours. In Xiamen, more than 70,000 street trees collapsed, outdoor billboards almost fell out, and more than 70% of bus shelters were blown down, but the main structure of the curtain wall was intact, and only a few glass plates were damaged by flying sand and stones and billboards. Some fans were torn off because they were not closed or because of the quality of the lock, and several aluminum plates in the corner fell off. The 400T-m tower crane of Xiamen Convention and Exhibition Center was dumped and scrapped, and the tens of thousands of m2 stone curtain walls installed in the Convention and Exhibition Center were intact. In 2004, Typhoon Yunna landed in Zhejiang, causing huge losses. However, in Taizhou, located in the center of the typhoon, only a few pieces of glass were broken and some aluminum plates fell off.
Although the building curtain wall was developed from abroad and spread to China, we have accumulated rich experience in production and use because of the large number of building curtain walls produced and used in China. Thousands of physical performance tests and seismic tests have been carried out during the construction of these building curtain walls, revealing the inherent laws of building curtain walls. On the basis of summing up production experience and scientific experiments, we have carried forward the tradition of cooperative management in Industry-University-Research, which has been formed in China. In addition to curtain wall manufacturers and professional testing institutions (testing centers) summarizing production experience and testing results, many domestic research institutes and universities (including affiliated research institutes) have conducted multidisciplinary research on building curtain walls, upgraded the above production experience and testing results to scientific theories, put forward a large number of research reports, and developed a large number of new technologies, new testing methods, new processes and new theories (design principles). China is a country that systematically studies and tests the seismic performance of building curtain walls in the world, and has formulated the only national standard "Shaking table test method for seismic performance of building curtain walls". Our country has carried out a series of tests on the cable system of cable-strut structure, and obtained a large number of test parameters, which makes our country have a systematic understanding of the mechanism of cable-strut structure and self-balancing cable-strut structure. Wuhan Lingyun and Huazhong University of Science and Technology jointly carried out the thermal measurement of the double curtain wall model house, Zhongshan Sheng Xing and South China University of Technology jointly carried out the thermal and aerodynamic research and software development of the double curtain wall, Shenzhen Fangda and Huazhong University of Science and Technology jointly carried out the thermal performance research of the double curtain wall, Shenzhen Sanxin and Shenzhen Engineering Institute jointly carried out the transparent single curtain wall and the solar control coated single glass curtain wall. The continuous solar radiation thermal measurement records of three model houses with double-layer transparent glass curtain walls for one year (365 days) reveal the system parameters of the influence of solar radiation on double-layer (single-layer) curtain walls, which makes the research and development of double-layer curtain walls in China more in-depth and systematic than other countries that developed double-layer curtain walls earlier. Great progress has been made in the development of new technology of building curtain wall in China. The prestressed parallel cable net glass daylighting roof (54m×30m) of Shenzhen Citizen Center Museum is the first prestressed cable net roof structure without concave curve in the world. The hyperboloid metal glass roof of the National Grand Theatre, the large all-glass roof of the greenhouse of Beijing Botanical Garden, the 82,000 square meter point-supported glass curtain wall of Baiyun Airport and the 90m×60m single-layer cable net glass curtain wall of the new Poly Building are all the best in the world.
Looking back on the development of building curtain walls in China, most curtain walls used in China's early years were built by overseas enterprises, and all or most of their main raw materials, aluminum and glass, were imported. China curtain wall (building materials) enterprises grew up from scratch in the competition with foreign enterprises. Under the favorable conditions of decades of development experience and experience, overseas enterprises compete with China curtain wall enterprises with nothing (knowledge), but failed to stop China curtain wall enterprises from developing vigorously, and their market share never exceeded 20%. This is because the curtain wall enterprises in China regard technology development as their survival from the very beginning, so they have mastered curtain wall technology in just over twenty years, and with the development of the situation, they have been constantly developing new products to meet the needs of the situation, which can be produced not only at home, but also abroad. Because this process is quite short, most curtain wall technicians in China are very young, and because of the traditional viewpoint (system), they can't compare with foreign enterprises in original innovation. Most of the curtain wall varieties and technologies currently used in China are imported from abroad, which is the key problem to be solved in our future development, that is, there must be original curtain wall varieties (technologies) in China, as well as major curtain wall materials such as aluminum and glass. In other words, all kinds of glass in the world can be produced in China, and the equipment imported from China is products from the 1990s, a large part of which is more advanced than foreign countries. However, due to poor management and technical level, the quality and variety of products are worse than those of similar foreign enterprises, especially if they can't independently develop new varieties, they will be subject to people by introduction. In the future, we should pay attention to improving the management level and technical level, especially to original innovation and independent development of new varieties and technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Although China has established a relatively perfect technical standard system for building curtain walls, the publicity and implementation of technical standards are not in place. For example, in order to limit the reflection of glass curtain wall on harmful light, the national standard "Optical Performance of Glass Curtain Wall" GB/T 1809 1-2000 has been published for more than five years, and many provinces and cities don't even know this national standard.
Curtain wall products are basically traditional industrial products or labor-intensive industries. China has an advantage in labor cost, and it will also have a competitive advantage in the world in the next few years. It has been pointed out that the consumption of building curtain walls in other parts of the world is about half that of China, and the development of domestic curtain wall enterprises is still based on the domestic battlefield, or they can go abroad, such as the former Soviet Union, Asia and Africa. If conditions permit, it can enter the European and American markets appropriately and win 10-20% of the market, which is very small compared with the domestic market. Although we can't ignore foreign markets, we should know that only by participating in foreign market competition can we improve our curtain wall.
The state plans to change the energy structure of China, so that solar energy, wind energy and other renewable energy will account for about 4% of the total power generation. The Outline of the Tenth Five-year Plan for Building Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Construction proposes to develop and utilize renewable energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, groundwater and wind energy. A total of 80 million square meters of solar energy buildings and 5 million square meters of other renewable energy buildings have been built. He pointed out that the glass curtain wall should be developed from energy-consuming building to "productive" building. Using photovoltaic power generation technology is to develop photoelectric curtain wall, so that glass curtain wall can not only "light up" but also "electrify".
In 2005, the state issued the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings (GB50 189-2005). The release of this standard is both a challenge and an opportunity for building curtain walls in China. The energy-saving design requirements put forward in the Standard for Energy-saving Design of Public Buildings will increase the cost of curtain walls and reduce the amount of curtain walls. However, the state also proposes to use the existing building curtain wall (about 200 million square meters). It is required to be completed before 2020 (that is, the renovation of about100,000 square meters per year), so that we can predict that the consumption of building curtain walls (including energy-saving renovation) in China will be between 40 million and 50 million square meters from 2006 to 2020.
2 1 century, China has joined the WTO, and time waits for no one in the competition of economic globalization. We must innovate independently and develop our curtain wall technology according to the principle of keeping pace with the times and pioneering and innovating. The history of the world building curtain wall tells us that most of the new curtain walls are created by architects and finally realized by curtain wall engineers. Architects should stand at the forefront of the development trend of building curtain wall and lead the healthy development of this trend. Science always seeks, discovers and understands new phenomena in the objective world, studies and grasps new laws, and always pursues the truth unremittingly. Science is serious, rigorous, realistic and creative at the same time. One of the basic attitudes of science is questioning, and the most basic spirit of science is criticism. Compared with other human activities, the basic feature of scientific activities, especially natural science activities, is continuous progress. Even if there is retrogression in other aspects, science will always make progress, even if it is slow and difficult, which shows that natural science activities contain the most progressive factors of human beings.
China's curtain wall technology should learn from the strengths of the world, make up for the shortcomings of China, and create a new China. Innovation includes theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, scientific and technological innovation and other innovations. Innovation includes not only major scientific and technological breakthroughs, but also moderate or even minor technological progress. The development of building curtain wall in China in the new century should be:
1. Plan according to the requirements of the production generation, development generation, research generation and conception generation. The short-term planning (1-3 years) focuses on development planning, while the medium-and long-term planning (4- 10 years) focuses on development and conceptual planning, laying the foundation for the sustainable development of curtain wall technology and production. This plan is not a simple production development plan, but its core should be a scientific and technological innovation plan.
2. The key to scientific and technological innovation lies in talents. Cultivating a large number of outstanding talents with innovative spirit, creating a good environment for talents to stand out and giving full play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of scientific and technological talents are strategic measures to build an innovative country. Adhere to the policy of respecting labor, knowledge, talents and creativity, fully implement the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, firmly establish the concept that human resources are the first resource, improve the talent structure suitable for the development of building curtain wall technology in China, and continuously develop and expand the team of building curtain wall technical talents in China. We must persist in discovering talents in innovation practice, cultivating talents in innovation activities and condensing talents in innovation undertakings. Building curtain wall industry should rely on the national major talent training plan, major scientific research and major engineering projects, key disciplines and key scientific research bases, and international academic exchange and cooperation projects, actively promote the construction of innovative teams in curtain wall industry, and strive to cultivate a group of world-class top scientific talents, international scientific masters and leading figures in science and technology, especially to train and bring up a group of young and middle-aged senior experts. For existing talents (especially young people), we should help them continue to improve their technical quality and master new technologies systematically; Proficient in one or more foreign languages, proficient in reading, writing business and design documents in foreign languages, and communicating and negotiating in foreign languages. It is also necessary to attract a large number of domestic and foreign senior talents to participate in curtain wall research and development, and form a multidisciplinary talent team that is compatible with the development level of modern science and technology. The vast number of scientific and technological workers in the curtain wall industry should be pioneers of independent innovation, models of hard work and dedication, and strive to create brilliant achievements worthy of the times and the people.
3. Establish a new system of independent technological innovation. Independent innovation means strengthening original innovation, integrated innovation, introduction, digestion and re-innovation from the perspective of enhancing national innovation ability. Independent technological innovation should be independent in the whole process, that is, independent creation, independent control of the whole process of research and development, and independent mastery of innovation results (with completely independent intellectual property rights). Two tendencies should be avoided in innovation. One is self-innovation, which is a closed innovation. The difference between independent innovation and independent innovation is that independent innovation is the whole process of independent control of R&D, but in the process of independent innovation, other countries are not excluded from participating in creativity and R&D. All units (individuals) who have the strength and are willing to participate in R&D according to the prescribed conditions are accepted, but the whole process of creativity and R&D is controlled by me, and the final review and decision are decided by me. Another tendency is to give up the whole process control of R&D when cooperating with other countries, and the innovation results lag behind others, and the results come out, which neither achieves the purpose of cultivating and bringing up their own talent team, nor does the innovation results have completely independent intellectual property rights. The establishment of independent innovation and development mechanism requires the planned development of Industry-University-Research's integrated technology development mechanism. Enterprises should establish R&D institutions and R&D funds (generally accounting for 2-4% of annual sales). At the same time, the joint research and development of enterprises, universities and research institutions at home and abroad should change from the scattered situation of single enterprise and single project to a unified and organized mechanism with plans and long-term planning, and give full play to the advantages of all private curtain walls. Cultivate a large number of enterprises with independent innovation ability and independent intellectual property rights. Using information technology to transform curtain wall industry (including developing more advanced computing software and establishing CAD→CAM system, that is, paperless production system, logistics distribution system, quotation and simulated bidding system and other computer management systems), China will develop from a curtain wall producer to a curtain wall technology power in the near future.
4. Adjust the industrial structure of the curtain wall industry according to the modern enterprise management mechanism, and set up several "aircraft carrier fleets" that can participate in the global economic competition to lead the great development of the whole curtain wall industry. These enterprises not only have the ability of independent innovation, but also have world-famous brand strategy. It is necessary to realize that the core competitiveness is the brand, and it is impossible to participate in global competition without self and internationally renowned brands. China enterprises must have the consciousness of creating famous brands, put the creation of their own internationally renowned brands on the important agenda, and realize brand internationalization on the basis of talent internationalization. It is the only way for an enterprise to develop from a world processing factory to lead the development of the world industry. The development mode of the world processing factory is dumbbell-shaped development mode. OEM is an inefficient development model. Only by independently developing products with independent intellectual property rights and their own brand names can we achieve the greatest economic benefits. Only high-efficiency production is the production with development potential and development potential, and it is a long way to go to realize brand internationalization.
5. Improve the system of norms and standards in line with the world under the conditions of market economy. On the basis of conscientiously implementing the Ministry of Construction's Mandatory Provisions on Engineering Construction Standards and the Supervision Provisions on the Implementation of Mandatory Standards for Engineering Construction, we should downplay the mandatory nature of technical specifications, and we should not regard technical specifications as laws in a general sense. Designers can't shirk their responsibilities regardless of whether they meet the specifications or not, and change the past understanding that "as long as they meet or don't violate the specifications, even if there are problems, designers can not bear legal responsibilities" (in British standards and specifications, only one sentence is printed in bold, which is uniformly placed in the last line of the preface of the specifications to highlight its importance, which is called "observing the British standards itself cannot exempt them from legal responsibilities"). This forces designers to use their brains, mobilize creativity and solve problems with high quality. Technicians should be guided by norms and solve problems creatively, rather than blindly following. Standardization compilation should take the road of marketization and diversification, avoid exclusive monopoly, and the members of standardization review should be widely representative, and the publicity system should be implemented, which cannot be delineated by standardization compilation units (compilation groups). It is necessary to prevent individuals and units from using norms to monopolize the market and crowd out other enterprises, so that norms can truly become norms representing the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. China's norms (standards) should not only be in line with the world, but also improve the rate of adopting international standards. On the basis of original innovation, the norms (standards) compiled by China should become the crystallization of the latest technology in the world and the first norms (standards) adopted in the world. We should open up more effective ways to publicize and implement technical standards, so that they can be widely known and put into practice.
6. On the basis of improving the ruling level and the government's management of curtain wall enterprises, the government should guide enterprises from the direction of policy and sustainable development, and supervise the implementation of mandatory standards in strict accordance with the Provisions of the Ministry of Construction on Supervision over the Implementation of Mandatory Standards for Engineering Construction. Encourage enterprises to adopt new technologies, new processes and new materials, promote the development of curtain wall technology, create a good environment for enterprises to create famous brands, and guide, support and encourage enterprises to create famous brands. Technical personnel of curtain wall enterprises should adhere to the scientific attitude of "not only being superior, not only being book-oriented, but only being practical", establish innovative consciousness, dare to be the first, vigorously develop new curtain wall technologies, form a linkage mechanism of theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, scientific and technological innovation and other innovations, and all kinds of innovations promote each other.
7. Accelerate the pace of globalization. It includes many aspects. First, strengthen foreign technical exchanges and cooperation, realize the internationalization of talents, invite foreign experts to work and give lectures in China, and participate in technological innovation and research and development of new technologies and new products. Enterprise leaders and technicians should go abroad, understand the world, send outstanding young technicians to study abroad, set up R&D institutions abroad, master the world's advanced technology as soon as possible, catch up with the world's curtain wall technology development trend, and then lead the world's curtain wall development trend. Curtain wall enterprises should not only undertake domestic projects, but also go abroad to undertake projects and participate in the competition of large-scale international curtain wall projects. This will not only enhance the economic strength of domestic curtain wall enterprises, but also be a prerequisite for realizing the leading position of curtain wall technology in the world.
The only lasting competitive advantage of a country or an enterprise is its ability to learn faster than its competitors. As long as we are good at learning and summing up experience, making full use of China's practical experience in building more than 200 million square meters of curtain wall over the past 20 years and the new technologies developed by other industries in China, relying on the established curtain wall technical talent army and constantly transforming the curtain wall industry with the latest science and technology in the world, we are fully confident that we can catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level in about ten years and create a curtain wall from China to China.
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