1. "The industry is better than hard work, and the waste is play, and success is achieved by thinking and ruined by follow-up." Allusion:
Su Qin during the Warring States Period, although he had great ambitions at first, due to his knowledge, It's shallow, and it has gone to many places without being reused. Later, he made up his mind to study hard. Sometimes he would study until late at night and feel really tired. When he was about to take a nap, he would stab his thigh with an awl, causing blood to flow. He used this special method of "thorning his buttocks" to expel sleepiness, cheer up, and keep studying. Later he finally became a famous politician.
2. Original text:
Jinxuejie
Author: Han Yu
Mr. Guozi entered Taixue in the morning and recruited all the students. Under the pavilion, he taught: "The work is refined by hard work, and waste is played by play; actions are achieved by thinking, and ruined by following. Today, the sages and sages meet, and the tools of governance are completed. Pull away the evil and evil, and worship the good. Take advantage of the small and good. Those who are good at picking and polishing are all lucky enough to be selected. Is there any misfortune in life that cannot be mastered? There is no injustice on my part.”
After saying this, some people laughed and said, “Sir, you are bullying me! I have been reciting the Six Arts for many years now. The chronicler must mention the essentials, and the compiler must grasp the mystery. He will burn oil to keep the sundial, and he will be poor. Years. My husband's work can be said to be diligent. In the east, the waves have fallen. The master's work on Confucianism can be said to be immersed in profound knowledge and full of wisdom. Ya; "Pan" of Zhou Gao and Yin Dynasty is full of twists and turns; "Spring and Autumn" is rigorous, "Zuo Shi" is exaggerated; "Yi" is strange but methodical, "Shi" is upright but wonderful; "Zhuang" and "Sao" are downright, According to Taishi's records, "Zi Yun" is similar, but he has the same purpose and different tunes. It can be said that the master's approach to writing can be said to be incomparable with others.
You only know how to learn when you are young, and you are brave enough to do things. Both sides are appropriate. You can be said to be successful as a person.
However, he does not trust others in public and does not help his friends in private. He often gets into trouble and goes to Nanyi. After three years of doctorate, there is no cure. How long will fate and hatred be defeated? The winter is warm and the child is cold, and the wife is crying and hungry. What is the use of not caring about this and teaching people? ”
The teacher said: “Come here, sir! Let me use the big wood as locust, the thin wood as 桷, 欂栌, dwarf, 椳, 鑑, 悂, wedge, each according to their appropriateness, and use them to build a house.” This is the work of the craftsman. If you collect jade leaves, cinnabar, red arrows, green zhi, oxen, horsetails, and the skin of broken drums, and use them all, you will be the best choice for doctors. A good person is a good person, a good person is a good person, and a good person is a good person. The leader is short and the leader is good, but the weapon is suitable. In the past, Meng Ke was good at arguing, and his teachings were clear, and he led the world. Qing Shouzheng, whose great talk was profound, escaped from slander in Chu, and died in Lanling. These two Confucians spoke as scriptures and acted as laws. Although the teacher is diligent in his studies, he does not lose track of his tradition. Although he talks a lot, he does not use it. Although his writing is wonderful, it is not useful. Although he practices, he does not show it to the public. He spends a monthly salary and only a few grains per year. He does not know how to farm. The woman didn't know how to weave. She was riding on a horse and following her disciples, sitting and eating. She was always on the road, spying on the clothes and stealing. It is also appropriate to divide the investment and leave it idle. If the husband's business is ruined by bribery, he forgets his own evaluation and refers to the flaws of his predecessors. As a Ying, Dr. Zi used the prosperous sun to bring in the new year, and wanted to enter his Xiling.
3. Translation:
Mr. Guozi walked into Taixue in the morning, called the students to stand under the school building, and taught them: "Study is due to diligence and specialization, and play is good. Desolation; virtue is achieved due to independent thinking, but corrupted due to following the custom. Today, the sage king and the virtuous ministers meet, all kinds of laws are implemented, and all the evil and evil people are promoted, and all the outstanding talents are promoted. , No one with a certain talent will not be appointed. Select outstanding talents and cultivate talents.
There are naturally large turning points during this period, and the overall momentum of the whole section is hearty and hearty. The third paragraph is calm and modest, as if the anger has disappeared; but upon closer inspection, you can feel that there are various emotions including bitterness, helplessness, anger, and ridicule. Its literary style is in contrast with the second paragraph. Another example is that the whole article makes people sad and thoughtful, but it seems to be humorous in some places. For example, the teacher teaches earnestly and has a solemn attitude, but the students laugh at him; in order to persuade the students, the teacher has to humiliate himself, and even claims to have stolen Chen's compilation. These places show that the gentleman is actually passive, which is comical. In short, although the structure of the full text is simple, its inner momentum and interest are varied and durable. The reason why it makes people feel fresh is related to the image and novelty of its language. For example, the teacher's diligence is described as "keep chanting" and "hands are constantly draping"; "he rushes on the regular road, peeks into the editor to steal" to describe his inaction; "climbs and picks, scrapes and grinds" "Guang" writes about the selection and cultivation of talents, etc. It not only turns abstraction into concreteness, but also its images are spontaneous. As for "greed for more than you can gain", "don't donate too much for small things", "excellent in virtue", "disrespectful", "same work but different results", "frequent to blame", "accept everything", "throw idle" Words such as "San" are both original and concise, and have become common idioms today. Another example is "The best is due to hard work, and the most wasteful is play; success is due to thinking, and failure is due to following", etc., which distills rich life experiences into short sentences, which are thought-provoking, just like a motto. In a short article, there are so many such original sentences, which really makes people marvel at the author's creative ability in literary language. In addition, the text system of this article follows Yang Xiong's "Jie Moo", adopts rhyming style, and uses a large number of neatly aligned sentence patterns. The reading is sonorous and catchy, which also increases its artistic charm.
5. Introduction to the author:
Han Yu (768-824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The word retreats. A native of Heyang, Henan (now Meng County, Henan Province), his ancestral home is Changli, Hebei. He calls himself Jun Wangchangli, and is known as Han Changli in the world. Because he was the minister of the Ministry of Officials, he was also called the Ministry of Officials of Han. His posthumous title is "Wen", also known as Han Wen Gong. In terms of literary achievements, he is as famous as Liu Zongyuan and is called "Han Liu". He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, advocating articles from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. Shisheng called it "the rise of literature in the Eight Dynasties and its decline". He is the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Han Yu was orphaned at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. He was homeless in his early years and had the ambition to study and manage the world. Although he was lonely and poor, he was hardworking and studious. At the age of 20, he went to Chang'an to take the imperial examination, but failed in three tests. Between the ages of 25 and 35, he first became a Jinshi, failed three attempts to pass the erudite and Hongci subjects, and went to Dong Jin in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou to serve in the shogunate. Later he returned to Beijing and served as a doctor of Simen. 36-49 years old, he was appointed as the censor. He was demoted to the Yangshan Order because he wrote a letter to discuss the drought and hunger, asking for tax exemptions and reductions. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong, he returned to the north and became a doctor of the imperial family. But failed. 50-57 years old, he first conquered Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and later moved to the Ministry of Punishment. Because he remonstrated with the Buddha's bones, he was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou. Moved to Yuanzhou. Soon after he returned to the dynasty, he held the posts of Guozi Jijiu, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and Jing Zhaoyin. Politically more accomplished. After his death, he was given the posthumous title of Wen Gong. In his later life, he was called Han Libu and Han Wen Gong. The poem strives to be dangerous, novel, powerful and powerful.