Deodorization and antibacterial
It is reported that rare earth can interact with cell walls, cell membranes, enzymes, protein, DNA and RNA. In addition, the radius of rare earth ions is similar to that of Ca2+, and its complexing ability with O, S and N is greater than Ca2+, so it is an excellent antagonist of Ca2+, which may be closely related to the antibacterial effect of rare earth ions. Rare earth antibacterial agents are mostly rare earth complexes with antibacterial effect, which are used in conjunction with inorganic and organic substances. Their organic ligands are mostly aromatic compounds with carboxyl, hydroxyl or sulfonic groups in the ring. The antibacterial activity of some rare earth complexes is equivalent to that of ligands, but most rare earth complexes have higher antibacterial activity than ligands, which is due to the synergistic effect between rare earth and ligands. Nano-rare earth antibacterial agent mainly uses the unique surface effect and small size effect of nano-materials, which easily penetrates the cell membrane, thus destroying the brittleness of red blood cells, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and achieving strong bactericidal effect.
Ultraviolet protection
At present, there are two main types of applications of rare earth in anti-ultraviolet of textiles: one is doping rare earth into inorganic shielding agent, which is actually the further development of inorganic shielding agent research; The second is to synthesize rare earth organic complexes as light conversion agents to absorb ultraviolet light and convert it into infrared light for anti-ultraviolet applications.
The key for textiles to have good anti-ultraviolet effect is to prevent ultraviolet rays from contacting with human body plates. Because of its unique outer electron shell structure, rare earths show rich and unique physical and chemical characteristics. The application of rare earth elements to anti-ultraviolet shielding agent or absorbent can increase the reflectivity and absorption rate of ultraviolet rays and reduce the transmittance.
At present, there are three main types of applications of rare earth in textile anti-ultraviolet: one is the anti-ultraviolet effect of simple rare earth compounds such as cerium oxide and its inorganic salts, especially ultrafine nano-cerium oxide; Secondly, doping rare earth into inorganic shielding agents (such as inorganic ZnO and TiO2) is actually a further development of the research on inorganic shielding agents; Thirdly, the synthesized rare earth organic complexes can absorb ultraviolet light with wavelength of 200 ~ 360 nm and convert it into infrared light, which can be used for anti-ultraviolet.
Luminous discoloration
Rare earths are favored in the study of luminescent materials because of their special electronic shell structure and incomparable spectral properties of general elements. According to the different properties of light irradiation, luminescent fibers can be divided into two types: self-luminous and light storage. Optical storage fiber not only has luminous function, but also is non-toxic, harmless and radiation-free, which meets the requirements of environmental protection and other related applications and is widely used in security, decoration, anti-counterfeiting and other fields. Rare earth luminescent fiber is a kind of light storage luminescent fiber, which is a special fiber based on the combination of rare earth long afterglow luminescent materials and other textile materials. It is a kind of material that emits visible light after absorbing sunlight or light generated by artificial light source, and can continue to emit light after the light absorption is terminated. It consumes no electricity, absorbs and stores natural light, and presents bright and recognizable visible light in the dark. It is a clean "low carbon" material with energy storage and energy saving.
Other functions
In addition to the above three applications, rare earths are also used for antistatic, flame retardant and wrinkle resistance. Generally, rare earth is mixed with other substances, and its hydrosol or resin is rolled and baked on the fabric to give the fabric antistatic, flame retardant, wrinkle resistant and whitening effects.
General situation of development
Development course of rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing fiber
The development of rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing fiber can be divided into three stages:
The first stage (from the late 1960s) is the incubation period, and people begin to realize the feasibility and practicability of rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing processing.
The second stage (from the 1980s to the middle and late 1990s) is the formation period. People began to pursue the antibacterial and deodorizing effect of rare earth, paying attention to safety and sustainability, and rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing fabrics came out.
The third stage (from the end of 1990s to the present) is the development period, which solved the safety and durability problems of rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing fabrics, and successfully developed a variety of rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing agents, among which the development of inorganic rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing agents represented by antibacterial zeolite (zeolite as carrier) laid the foundation for the development of antibacterial and deodorizing polyester fibers and promoted the rapid development of antibacterial and deodorizing polyester fibers in the near future.
Composite rare earth ion antibacterial agents have developed rapidly in recent years, especially after adding synthetic fiber stock solution, which accounts for a large proportion. This is because they have the advantages of rich raw materials, high localization rate, high temperature resistance and low cost (up to over 500℃). In addition, they also have the characteristics of good bactericidal effect, lasting antibacterial effect, wide application and no toxic and side effects, which can not be achieved by other kinds of antibacterial agents.
Job operation
Rare earth preparations are antibacterial, deodorizing, anti-ultraviolet, discoloring and luminous, and the processing methods are basically the same. Mainly divided into fiber internal mixing method and post-treatment processing method, the former is divided into melting method and solution method.
Intrafiber mixing method
In-fiber mixing method is to mix rare earth preparation into fiber, which can be added during polymer polymerization or after polymerization; Mixing can be added before spinning in the polymer melting process, or mixed in the spinning dope. For example, in the processing of antibacterial acrylic fiber, in the polymerization stage of polymer, organic rare earth antibacterial agent can be mixed into fiber through graft polymerization; For example, inorganic rare earth antibacterial agents with high heat resistance can be mixed by melt spinning; It is also possible to melt spin the rare-earth luminescent color-changing material directly with the polymer, or disperse the rare-earth luminescent material in a resin carrier which can be mixed with the spinning polymer to make a master batch, and then mix it with polymers such as polyester, nylon and polypropylene for melt spinning.
Post-processing method
The post-treatment method is to attach the rare earth additive to the fiber by dipping, padding, coating or spraying. For example, in order to improve the washing resistance of antibacterial functional fabrics, rare earth antibacterial agents are usually fixed on fibers through resins or reactive groups; For example, the rare earth luminescent material is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, and then mixed with adhesives such as resin liquid to make luminescent color paste, and fibers or fabrics are coated in this paste to obtain luminescent fibers with photosensitive properties; For ultraviolet protection, powder, emulsion, sol or nanometer rare earth preparation are generally used for post-treatment. The post-treatment method is simple and easy, and its proportion has increased rapidly in recent years, but it has some shortcomings such as poor washing resistance.
Application prospect
Progress and Prospect of Rare Earth Textiles in Deodorization and Antibacterial
The research of rare earth antibacterial agents mainly focuses on three aspects: simple rare earth inorganic or organic salts, rare earth complexes (including complexes) and nano-scale rare earth preparations.
Liu Zhihua et al. used rare earth cerium ions to antibacterial wool fabrics. The results showed that after Ce3+ treatment, the antibacterial rate of wool against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached over 90%. Although it has strong antibacterial activity and broad antibacterial spectrum, the solution is not ideal as an external antibacterial agent because of its strong acidity.
Rare earth complexes of tiron and sulfosalicylic acid have been found to be potential bactericidal and deodorizing drugs, so rare earth complexes have been continuously synthesized and used as antibacterial agents because of their good broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. For example, Huo Chunfang and others studied the antibacterial activities of various rare earth salts and their complexes against a variety of Bacillus, ordinary Gram-positive bacteria and ordinary Gram-negative bacteria by filter paper method and dilution method. It is found that rare earth salts and their complexes have strong antibacterial activity and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial effect on living Bacillus is better than that of ordinary gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria, and the antibacterial effect of rare earth complexes is better than that of rare earth salts, which is a kind of antibacterial agent with special effects on Bacillus.
Wang Xuezhi and others used ternary solid complexes of rare earth chloride (Pr, Eu, Gd, Dy) with L, 10- phenanthroline and 2,2-bipyridine in cotton and polyester cotton earlier, which made the fabric have strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Zhang et al. used the complex of cerium nitrate and 8- hydroxyquinoline as an antibacterial and deodorizing sanitary finishing agent for silk fabrics. The synthesized rare earth complexes have strong broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and the diameter of bacteriostatic ring for Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is more than 20 mm Yang Zifang and others have prepared a series of new rare earth chitosan complexes from natural polymer chitosan and rare earth nitrate. The experimental results show that they have good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial effect is obviously better than that of chitosan and rare earth nitrate alone.
Some people have also studied rare earth compounds (two-component or multi-component) antibacterial agents and achieved good results. For example, Long Hongyu chose tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker (T-ZnOw) as the main component, and extended the spectral response range of the kit by using the property that rare earth elements can generate extra energy levels in the forbidden band of T-ZnOw. The common rare earth elements La and Ce were selected to modify T-ZnOw, and the modified T-ZnOw was evenly distributed on the activated carbon fiber by impregnation method, so that the high-performance broad-spectrum antibacterial fiber with visible light response was prepared. Zhao Xiaoyan et al. used low temperature RF magnetron sputtering technology to deposit nano-structured composite films with different relative contents of TiO _ 2 and rare earth Nd on the surface of PET nonwovens in three ways: TiO _ 2/nd and Nd/TiO _ 2, thus broadening the absorption spectrum of nano-TiO _ 2 and making it have better antibacterial effect under visible light. Lu Bin and others prepared cerium-silver mesoporous composite inorganic antibacterial agent by step impregnation method. The results show that the antibacterial agent still maintains the ordered mesoporous structure, and the active species Ag exists stably in the pores in the form of nanowires. It was found that the sample had a good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
In recent years, nanometer rare earth antibacterial agents have developed rapidly because of their excellent properties. Rare earth nano-antibacterial agents are generally prepared by doping rare earth metal ions to modify nano-carriers (usually TiO2 _ 2, ZnO, etc.). Yang Ling et al. prepared Ce4+/ZnO composite inorganic antibacterial agent with nano-ZnO as carrier according to different doping ratios. The results showed that Ce4+ doping significantly improved the antibacterial properties of nano-ZnO. Feng Xining et al. modified photocatalyst (nano-titanium dioxide) with rare earth and loaded it on cotton fabric. Experiments show that cotton fabric after padding treatment has better antibacterial effect and formaldehyde decomposition effect than coating treatment without washing. Liu Xuefeng et al. used nano anatase titanium dioxide powder and cerium nitrate as raw materials, and prepared rare earth element cerium loaded nano titanium dioxide antibacterial agent by impregnation method. The results show that the reflection spectrum of nano-TiO _ 2 is red-shifted to 500 nm after cerium loading, which shows excellent antibacterial effect. Under illumination, its antibacterial mechanism is the synergistic mechanism of rare earth activation photocatalytic antibacterial and cerium ion dissolution antibacterial. Wu Xiaowei and others also studied the antibacterial effect of rare earth nano-TiO _ 2 composite powder on cotton fabric. The results show that doping rare earth ions is beneficial to improve the antibacterial effect of nano-TiO 2. Under the same conditions, the antibacterial rate of rare earth nano-TiO _ 2 can reach 100%, and the antibacterial rate is still 100% after washing10 times.
Domestic enterprises have made some achievements in the development of rare earth antibacterial and deodorizing preparations. Gradually develop a variety of products with antibacterial, mildew-proof, aromatic and health-care functions. The treated fabric can kill and inhibit the growth of many fungi such as Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Streptococcus albicans, and the washing resistance is also significantly improved. Some fabrics still have obvious antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects after 30 times of standard washing, and they are non-toxic and have no allergic reaction to human body, and have excellent health care functions. In addition, as an antibacterial agent, whether rare earth will cause microbial resistance, environmental pollution and soil ecological imbalance during its use is also worthy of attention.
Research progress and prospect of ultraviolet resistance of rare earth textiles
At present, there are not many studies on the application of rare earth in the anti-ultraviolet of textiles, but the existing research results show that whether it is mixed with inorganic shielding agents or made into rare earth organic complexes for independent use, it can give textiles good anti-ultraviolet efficiency and further broaden the application of rare earth in textiles.
Yin Guibo and others coated thin and thick cotton fabrics with rare earth Eu3+ organic complex light conversion agent, and tested the ultraviolet resistance. When the dosage of light conversion agent is 10 g/L, the UPF value of the finished thin cotton fabric is increased by nearly 10 times. Wang Hui et al. used in-situ synthesis method to generate nano cerium oxide on cotton fabric surface. They have strong chemical bonds with the surface of cotton fabric, which significantly improves the anti-ultraviolet efficiency of cotton fabric and still has excellent anti-ultraviolet function after repeated washing. Duan W and others first treated the cotton fabric with CeO2 _ 2 sol, and then modified it with dodecyl heptyl trimethoxysilane (DFT-MS). This improved cotton fabric surface not only has good waterproof performance, but also has strong ultraviolet resistance. Zhan Xiumei et al. prepared rare-earth doped nano-TiO _ 2 by sol-gel method and used it to study the ultraviolet resistance of glass fiber samples. The results show that doping 2% CEO 2, 2%La2O3 and 1.2%Gd2O3 can obviously improve the ultraviolet resistance of TiO 2, and doping 2% CEO 2 has the best effect.
Ding Qiaoying and others impregnated silk fabrics with lacl _ 3/TiO _ 2 composite solution as ultraviolet shielding agent. The results show that the impregnated silk fabric has excellent anti-ultraviolet and anti-yellowing functions. Others invented a rare earth light-converting nonwoven fabric, in which organic light-converting agents of Europium, Terbium and Lanthanum were added, which had a good ultraviolet absorption effect. In addition, there is also an ultra-fine rare earth composite shielding agent, which can be applied to the ultraviolet protection of textiles. This product combines the advantages of organic and inorganic anti-ultraviolet shielding agents, and has the characteristics of good shielding effect, low cost and long service life. The ultraviolet shielding rate is higher than 98%, and the cost is lower than that of nano-inorganic materials by more than 30%.
Progress and Prospect of Rare Earth Textiles in Luminous Applications
Since the research and development of rare earth luminous powder, the research on rare earth luminous textiles in China has been going on for nearly 20 years, and it has developed rapidly in recent years.
Common rare earth long afterglow luminescent materials are activated by rare earth, and new rare earth luminescent materials have also developed, including sulfide system, sulfur oxide system, silicate, aluminosilicate, phosphate and rare earth organic complex system, but the most important ones are alkaline earth aluminate system and sulfide system. In recent years, rare earth aluminate has attracted more and more attention. The light storage materials of alkaline earth metal aluminate are mainly rare earth Eu2+ aluminate phosphor series, SrAl2O4∶Eu2+ type strontium aluminate phosphor, SrAl2O4∶Eu2+ type strontium aluminate phosphor, Dy3+ type strontium aluminate phosphor, Sr4Al 14O25: Eu2+, Dy3. These rare earth luminescent powders use strontium aluminate or calcium aluminate as the parent crystal, rare earth element europium (Eu2+) as the activator, and medium and heavy rare earth element dysprosium (Dy3+) or neodymium (Nd3+) as the auxiliary activator. The emitted light is blue-green, with a peak value of about 520 nm, which has the characteristics of high luminous brightness, especially long afterglow time, stable chemical properties and high temperature resistance.
Ge et al. developed rare earth aluminate luminous filament earlier, developed a new type of high-tech functional fiber with color light and rare earth luminous, and put it into industrial production. The fiber is mainly composed of 90% ~ 97% of spinning raw materials and 3% ~ 10% of color light-storing luminescent materials. Wherein the spinning raw material is polyester, polypropylene or polyamide, and the color light-storing luminescent material consists of Sr(NO3)2, Al (NO3) 3.9H2O, Eu2O3, Dy2O3 and 25% ~ 35% inorganic transparent pigment. This kind of fiber will emit various colors of light without visible light, and the brightness of light is also varied. After years of experiments, it has been proved that SrAl2O4∶Eu2+ and Dy3+ are the best optical fiber luminescent materials.
Rare earth luminous fibers are widely used, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, embroidery, decorations and so on. In product design, the combination of luminous silk and ordinary silk can not only reduce the cost, but also highlight the functional and decorative effects of luminous silk, making the products novel and beautiful. In addition, luminous silk can also be widely used in night emergency, building decoration, transportation, aviation and navigation and other fields.
At present, functional textiles are paid more and more attention, especially many new functional textiles developed in recent years are not only used in the field of textiles and clothing, but also widely used in many industries. It is believed that rare earth will have a broader application prospect in the future because of its unique physical and chemical efficiency.
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What's the difference between knitwear and textiles? Textile is a big category, which is the floorboard of spinning and weaving. Textiles can be divided into knitting and weaving according to knitting. Knitting is a technological process in which various raw materials and various kinds of yarns are formed into loops with knitting needles, and then they are connected into knitted fabrics through threading. Knitted fabric has soft texture, good wrinkle resistance and air permeability, high extensibility and elasticity, and is comfortable to wear. Scarves should belong to knitwear.
What is textile quota? When will the textiles be cancelled? What are the advantages and disadvantages of China's textiles after the cancellation? Textile quota refers to the textile agreement that China signed with countries and regions (the United States, Canada, the European Union, Norway and Turkey) with quota restrictions on China's textiles and clothing, which stipulates the categories and quantities of textiles and clothing allowed to enter the country or region in each agreement year. This is what we usually call passive textile quota, referred to as textile quota.
The global textile quota was abolished on June 65438+1 October1day, 2005, which meant that the quota system that dominated the global textile trade for 30 years was abolished.
The cancellation has both advantages and disadvantages for China textile industry. In favor: From a global perspective, China's textile and garment industry has obvious competitive advantages. The cancellation of the quota means that China's textile industry has finally got an equal opportunity to participate in the competition, which should be a good thing for the whole industry and will bring great benefits to enterprises to expand their exports. The cancellation of quota greatly reduces the operating costs of enterprises, improves their competitiveness, and cancels quota restrictions, which will greatly enhance their export enthusiasm. Quota liberalization is both an opportunity and a challenge. Disadvantages: the abolition of quotas involves the adjustment of the original global interest pattern. For the sake of economic and political interests, countries such as Europe and the United States will impose some restrictions on the export of China enterprises, and countries originally protected by quotas may also be hostile to China enterprises. Therefore, various trade frictions are hard to avoid for some time. However, restrictive measures such as anti-dumping and special safeguard in European and American countries must be carried out in accordance with WTO procedures and go through certain legal procedures. Compared with quota restrictions, the impact of trade barriers is limited. We should believe that openness and fair competition are the main melody melody, and trade barriers only delay the time for China textile enterprises to enter, explore and develop the market.
In order to really benefit from quota cancellation, China textile enterprises must emphasize winning by quality, not by quantity. China textile enterprises should intensify the adjustment of industrial structure, cultivate independent brands with international influence, actively promote the internationalization of textile enterprises, and improve the layout of China textile industry in the global value chain.
What are the characteristics of functional textiles in enron nano? Nanotechnology was used.
What is the proportion of antibacterial textiles in functional textiles? Functional textiles include: antibacterial, acaricidal, mildew-proof, antiviral, mosquito-proof, moth-proof, flame retardant, wrinkle-resistant and non-ironing, water-repellent and oil-repellent, ultraviolet-proof, electromagnetic radiation-proof, fragrance, magnetic therapy, infrared physiotherapy, negative ion health care and so on.
Water repellent, oil repellent, wrinkle resistant, non-ironing and flame retardant are definitely the top three, accounting for more than 70%, and antibacterial functional textiles are estimated to account for 5%.
It is worth mentioning that the integration of anti-bacteria, anti-mite and anti-virus can be realized by using hemp fiber as the main fiber and dyeing with traditional Chinese medicine plant dyes. Does not need to add any additives, and is safe and environment-friendly.
Of course, the functional processing of textiles is also useful, such as anti-ultraviolet function, water and oil repellent function, antibacterial function, flame retardant function, radiation protection and many other functions.
What is the function of apocynum textile? At present, the main textiles of apocynum fiber are cotton-linen blended knitted underwear, shirts and other personal health textiles with apocynum content of not less than 35%. These textiles can effectively improve dizziness, headache, palpitation, insomnia and other symptoms caused by hypertension, and have good air permeability and hygroscopicity, and are not in contact with the body, sweaty, odorless and static. Japan is the largest consumer market of Apocynum venetum textiles. Some domestic colored cotton companies have developed blended fabrics of apocynum venetum and colored cotton. In recent years, Apocynum venetum textiles are developing in the direction of multifunctional compound health care.
What's the difference between linen textiles and modal textiles? Linen clothes are obviously a little rough, while modal clothes are much smoother and softer.
How about wood fiber textiles? Who has used wood fiber textiles? Well, the same question. I heard that the wood fibers from Australia, Asia and Jian Mu are not bad. I also went online to Baidu. You can have a look.
Wood fiber textiles are not bad. A friend recommended Jian Mu fiber textiles, towels and socks.