Soft-shelled turtle is rich in nutrition, containing protein, fat, calcium, iron, animal glue, keratin and various vitamins. It is a rare tonic. Turtle can also be used as medicine, and its back shell has the effects of nourishing yin and strengthening yang, dispersing stagnation and calming the liver, and can treat cough, night sweats, kidney deficiency, amenorrhea and other diseases, while turtle gall can treat hypertension; Eggs can cure chronic diarrhea and dysentery; Supplementing blood can cure malnutrition in children, and there is a folk saying that soft-shelled turtle can cure cancer.
Living habits of soft-shelled turtle
The living habits of soft-shelled turtles can be simply summarized as "three joys and three fears", that is, they like cleanliness and are afraid of pollution, yang is afraid of wind, and static is afraid of cold. In the natural environment, soft-shelled turtles like to inhabit rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds and other clean waters. In calm days, they often lie on the sunny shore to bask in the sun (commonly known as basking in the back), use ultraviolet rays in the sun to kill pathogenic bacteria on the body surface, promote the healing of the injured body surface, raise the body temperature and promote food digestion by basking in the back. Turtle is very timid, sensitive to the sound of the surrounding environment and the movement of objects, and dives into the water at the slightest sign of trouble. Soft-shelled turtles are fierce and aggressive, and bullying among groups is very common. When there is little food, they will eat the same kind. During the growing period, soft-shelled turtle mainly breathes through the lungs. When the water temperature is lower than 15℃, the soft-shelled turtle dives into the mud at the bottom of the pond and begins to hibernate, and breathes by the gill tissue in the throat and other auxiliary respiratory organs. The hibernation period of soft-shelled turtle is from mid-October to mid-April in Hangjiahu area 165438+/kloc-0.
Turtle culture
1. Placement and cleaning of bait table It is best to place the bait table on the edge of the pond around the culture pond, making an angle of 30-45 degrees with the water surface, which is beneficial for turtles to find food and avoid interference. Before each feeding, the bait table and its surroundings should be cleaned with disinfectant and disinfection brush with little irritation, and disinfected every 3 days 1 time.
2. The preparation of bait and the addition of fresh ingredients are generally 10%-40%. When using fresh materials, they must be disinfected and cleaned, and they must be used now to avoid corruption and deterioration. The bait should be cast in the form of bait, and the bait should be 2-3 cm above the water surface. Soft-shelled turtle is timid, so it should be fed with as little interference as possible. The feeding amount is subject to 1- 1.5 hours, and the remaining bait should be collected in time for later use. Feeding time in hot season should end before sunrise and start at sunset.
3. Water quality adjustment The sewage discharge of the aquaculture water body should be changed regularly, and the amount of water changed each time should not exceed 1/3. If conditions permit, the effect of micro-flow culture will be better. During the breeding process, chlorine dioxide preparation 0.5-1-2ppm, bleaching powder 2-3ppm, strong chlorine essence1-2 ppm, and quicklime 15-40ppm are regularly used for the whole pond disinfection. After 2-3 days of application, the whole pool is sprayed with about 5ppm of photosynthetic bacteria preparation, which can play the role of water regulation, with a monthly rate of 65438+.
4. Plant green on the water surface, build a terrace, enclose a frame with a width of 1.5 m in the pond about 1 m away from the bait platform, and plant water hyacinth. The root system of water hyacinth is developed, which can absorb harmful substances in water, play the role of water transfer, and is also beneficial for turtles to hide and enjoy the cool sun. A post-drying platform should be built in the place where there are few slopes near the pond.
5. Patrol the pond regularly and clean up dead turtles in time. Patrol the pond in order to know the feeding, growth activities, diseases, water quality and facilities of soft-shelled turtle in time. Dead turtles in the pond should be fished out, buried or burned in time, and sick turtles should be isolated and treated in time.
Several common treatment methods of turtle disease
injection process
Scope of application (1) is suitable for seriously ill soft-shelled turtles, and it is a way to promote the quick absorption of drugs by sick soft-shelled turtles and give full play to the curative effect of drugs.
(2) Usage: The injection site is generally at the root of hind limbs. Before injection, the injection site should be disinfected with alcohol cotton balls. According to the size of soft-shelled turtle, choose 25mL syringe and 5 ~ 7 needles. The angle between the needle and the surface of the injection site is about 10 degree, and the injection depth is 1 cm ~ 1.5 cm. Injection methods include intramuscular injection and intraperitoneal injection. The former is to inject drugs into the muscles of the turtle's hind limbs, while the latter is to inject drugs into the abdominal cavity from the joint between the hind limbs and the abdominal nail. Needles should not harm internal organs. The two effects are basically the same.
(3) Advantages: accurate dosage, quick absorption and good curative effect.
(4) trouble, easy to damage the turtle.
(5) Precautions: Do not inject too much liquid medicine into the turtle. Generally, the injection amount of soft-shelled turtle with 500g body weight is about 0.5mL, and that of soft-shelled turtle with less than 200g is 0.1ml ~ 0.2 ml; Multiple injections should not be made at the same site.
Oral irrigation
(1) Scope of application This is an oral supplement method, which is suitable for individual sick turtles who have lost their eating ability.
(2) Usage: Put chopsticks or wooden sticks into the mouth of the sick turtle, and then inject the medicine with a syringe.
(3) The advantages can ensure that the sick turtle can get a certain amount of medicine and save the seriously ill turtle.
(4) Shortcomings and troublesome operation; It is easy to make turtles in a state of stress and aggravate their illness.
(5) Precautions: Care should be taken not to cause harm to the sick turtle during operation; Act as soon as possible to avoid the sick turtle being in a state of stress for too long; Drugs must be injected into the throat of the sick turtle to prevent the injected drugs from flowing out of the mouth; When taking drugs orally, we should cooperate with certain nutritional drugs to restore the physique of sick turtles.
oral medication
(1) scope of application to kill pathogens in the body; With the absorption and distribution of drugs, it can also kill the infection of body surface pathogens. Can be used for preventing and treating turtle diseases.
(2) Usage: Mix the medicine with the compound feed that soft-shelled turtles like to eat, and mix it with a proper amount of adhesive to make powder, pills or granules with palatable size, and feed them to soft-shelled turtles; Mix the medicine with an appropriate amount of adhesive, add water to make paste, then stick the medicine with the live and fresh feed that the turtle likes, dry it and feed it.
(3) The advantages are convenience, safety and easy implementation; It has no pollution to water body and will not cause drug damage to soft-shelled turtle.
(4) Disadvantages: This is a voluntary administration method, and it has no curative effect on seriously ill turtles that have stopped feeding; The mode of administration is closely related to the feeding ability of Trionyx sinensis, and its feeding ability is related to the age, size and constitution of Trionyx sinensis, so the dosage is uneven.
(5) Precautions In order to improve the curative effect and make more turtles eat bait, they should stop eating about 1 day before administration. Put more in the bait; Fish and turtles are mixed in the pond. Because the feeding ability of fish is stronger than that of turtles, it is necessary to feed the fish enough feed first, and then feed the turtle medicine after the fish is full. Or throw the feed on the table where the fish can't eat it; The dosage of medicine is less than usual 10% ~ 20%, so that the turtle can eat all the medicine. It is best to choose the feed that turtles like to eat. The same kind of antibiotics or sulfonamides should not be used for a long time, and the dosage of antibiotics or sulfonamides should be strictly controlled to avoid drug resistance.
Semar technology
(1) Scope of application: Ill soft-shelled turtle with serious disease is infected in vitro, especially ill soft-shelled turtle with deep disease.
(2) Usage: Apply viscous liquid medicine or ointment to the focus of diseased soft-shelled turtle to kill pathogens and promote wound healing. Before smearing, it is best to clean the dirt on the surface of the lesion with a certain liquid medicine or manual method. After smearing, put the sick turtle in a dry place for about half an hour and let the medicine or ointment dry. Finally, apply a proper amount of vaseline on the surface to protect the turtle from being washed off immediately after entering the water.
(3) Advantages: less dosage, less side effects, and better curative effect on turtles with very serious diseases.
(4) Shortcomings and troublesome operation.
(5) Precautions: When treating acupoint diseases and furuncle diseases, drugs should be applied to the deep focus; The concentration of liquid medicine should be moderate, not too high; Prevent liquid medicine from flowing into the mouth of sick soft-shelled turtle, and avoid phytotoxicity.
Immersion bath method
(1) Scope of application In vitro pathogen infection is often used for disinfection and treatment of severe soft-shelled turtles.
(2) Usage: Put the liquid medicine with higher concentration into a smaller container, and force the sick turtle to take a medicinal bath for a certain period of time, so as to kill pathogens on the body surface or promote the convergence and healing of lesions on the body surface.
(3) Advantages: high drug concentration, strong action and good therapeutic effect; Less consumption, more economical; The treatment process is intuitive, so we can observe the reaction of sick soft-shelled turtle to drugs and take corresponding measures in time.
(4) Disadvantages: It is necessary to fish out the sick soft-shelled turtle in the dry pond, which is easy to hurt the soft-shelled turtle and is troublesome; Pathogens in water can't be killed.
(5) Precautions: It is best to use this method before and after dry pool, transfer pool or transportation; Pay attention to the temperature of the water body in the immersion bath. When the temperature is high, the drug concentration should be reduced or the soaking time should be shortened, and vice versa. In addition, we should also pay attention to the course and constitution of the sick turtle. For the weak soft-shelled turtle, the method of soaking for a short time and many times should be adopted. It is found that the soft-shelled turtle does not sink in the liquid medicine, so it should be transferred to clear water in time; The water temperature of the medicated bath should be basically the same as that of the sick turtle. The difference between them should not exceed 2℃; Avoid soaking in metal containers; If the liquid medicine in the container needs multiple baths, a certain amount of medicine should be added after each bath to maintain the original concentration; Don't pour the medicine into the turtle pond after taking a bath.
Hanging basket (bag) method
The range of (1) is suitable for prophase prevention and early treatment of diseases.
(2) Usage: Put the medicine into baskets (bags), hang the baskets (bags) in the places frequented by the turtle's dining table or terrace, and determine the number of baskets (bags) according to the size of the dining table or terrace. Generally, it is put in a basket (bag) of about 0/0 cm underwater for 3 to 4 days at a time.
(3) Advantages: After hanging baskets (bags) around the dining table or terrace, the surrounding pool water forms a disinfection zone with a certain drug concentration, and turtles often come in and out here, thus achieving the purpose of eliminating pathogens in vitro. Because there are a lot of residual bait deposits around the dining table, the water quality is poor, which is the place where pathogens breed. Increasing the drug concentration in this key area through hanging baskets (bags) can inhibit and kill pathogens. Small dosage, no danger and little side effect. This method is simple and feasible.
(4) Disadvantages can only kill the germs in basket (bag) hanging areas such as food market and the germs on the body surface of soft-shelled turtles who often come to this area.
(5) Precautions: The avoidance concentration of turtle to this drug is higher than the therapeutic concentration of this drug, otherwise this method cannot be used. Determination of the total amount of medicine in the basket (bag): ① After hanging the basket (bag), measure the turtle's food intake and nail drying. If the turtle doesn't eat or its nails are dry, it means that the drug concentration is too high, and the number of baskets (bags) should be reduced until the turtle enters and exits here, and the drugs in the baskets (bags) are not completely dissolved; ② The total amount of drugs in each basket (bag) should not exceed the amount when the drugs are spilled all over the pool. Hanging baskets or bags should be corrosive according to the physical and chemical properties of drugs, such as bleaching powder. Use a hanging basket; Moreover, copper sulfate is easy to dissolve and should be hung in a bag. In order to ensure that turtles come to eat in hanging baskets (bags), feeding should be stopped for one day before hanging baskets (bags); During the hanging period, the turtle's favorite feed should be selected, and the feeding amount should be slightly less than usual to ensure that the turtle still comes to eat the next day. Not suitable for rainy and windy days.