Today, when we look back on this great invention over 100 years ago, we can't help but pay tribute to such great men as Karl Benz, gottlieb daimler and wilhelm maybach. The companies founded by these car pioneers are still the most sought after and influential car companies.
It is generally believed that the inventor of the automobile was German karl benz. 1885 developed the world's first three-wheeled vehicle,1886 65438+129 October obtained the world's first automobile invention patent. This day is called the birth day of the automobile by most people, and Karl Benz is also called "the father of the automobile" by later generations.
Li Shufu said that a car is an engine with four wheels. This is home. The essence of automobile is a kind of vehicle driven by modern internal combustion engine. The inventor's initial idea was how to put the internal combustion engine on the carriage and replace the horse with mechanical power. However, the European carriage is not a money-driven carriage, nor a carriage driven by Liu Neng or Xie Guangkun, but a four-wheeled carriage with a steering device. Therefore, it is not so simple to put the internal combustion engine on the carriage and design the corresponding control system. Because if you want to invent a car, you must first invent an engine suitable for cars.
The invention of automobile was under the background of the first industrial revolution, and the invention and preliminary application of steam engine laid the foundation for the invention of automobile. 1765, james watt, a British instrument repairman, creatively improved the steam engine, making it a universal power system, which opened the curtain of the industrial revolution.
Here, I can't help but mention Nicolas, a talented French engineer? Joseph? Cournot dates back to 1769, even before the invention of automobiles 100, Gulas? Joseph? After six years of painstaking research, Cournot successfully built the world's first steam-powered "car"-Caboret.
The appearance of this car is really different from that of later cars. The power of the car comes from a huge boiler, which generates steam by burning gas to generate power to push the car forward. Because the boiler on the front wheel is heavy, it is very difficult to control the steering rod. Its speed is only 4 kilometers per hour, comparable to that of a snail. In fact, Cournot invented this device to tow heavy guns in the army, not to carry people.
After Cournot's "steam car" test, people have been exploring the miniaturization and lightweight of power system. 1866, German engineer Nikolai Otto successfully trial-produced an epoch-making vertical four-stroke internal combustion engine in the history of power, which laid the foundation for the invention of automobiles.
1879, German engineer karl benz finally successfully tested a two-stroke experimental engine and tried to install it on the frame, which took a big step towards modern cars.
In that era when science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds, karl benz had a keen interest in natural science since he was a child. During my study in Karlsruhe Comprehensive Science and Technology School, I systematically studied courses such as mechanical structure, mechanical principle, engine manufacturing and economic accounting of mechanical manufacturing. He studied Otto's gas engine and obtained business licenses to manufacture four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines. 1885 10, karl benz made the first three-wheeled motor vehicle, which was driven by a two-stroke single-cylinder 0.9 HP gasoline engine. This three-wheeled car with a speed of 16 kilometers per hour was named "Mercedes-Benz 1".
Although from today's perspective, this "Mercedes-Benz 1" can't be simpler. Although it is a small step in automobile development, it is a big step for human civilization. /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, the automobile industry has made continuous progress, and the achievements of every scientific and technological progress have been widely used in automobiles. Today, cars are no longer a means of transportation, but a part of human civilization.
In fact, around 1886, when Karl Benz got the automobile invention patent, many people invented or participated in the automobile invention process. The difference is that many people don't think of getting a patent.
1860, the Frenchman Etienne lenoir used a gas engine with about 1 horsepower to drive the car. Although the effect is not good, it has had an epoch-making impact.
1882, German engineer William Daimler invented an automatic ignition device, which used electric spark to ignite the engine. 1883, Daimler completed the research and development of gasoline engine and made a gasoline engine car.
Another German engineer, gottlieb daimler, and his assistant, wilhelm maybach, built an internal combustion engine fueled by gasoline in 1885, and used it to build the world's first motorcycle. 1 in March, 886, gottlieb daimler installed his own car engine on the carriage he bought for his wife's birthday, and the speed reached18km per hour, which was faster than karl benz's "Mercedes-Benz1"and it was four-wheeled. The birthday present was made into the world's first four-wheeled vehicle, which was unexpected.
And Britain's Butler and Italy's Bernard also successfully invented cars with engines in 1885, while Russia's Puchilov and Vorobov invented internal combustion engines.
It must be noted that many inventions related to automobiles appeared long before the invention of the first automobile, such as lead-acid batteries, internal combustion engine ignition devices, hard rubber solid tires, spring suspensions, etc., so automobiles are a comprehensive application of many inventions or technologies. Therefore, we can also say that the automobile is a joint invention of many people.
But in any case, we can't ignore Karl Benz's great contribution to the invention of automobiles. Compared with contemporary automobile inventors, Karl Benz was also the first automobile leader to succeed in business. 1887, Carl Benz founded Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company. By the end of 1889, it had sold 1 132 Mercedes-Benz cars, leaving many inventors in the laboratory far behind. 1926.
Today, Karl Benz's "Mercedes-Benz 1" is displayed in the Mercedes-Benz Automobile Museum in Stuttgart, the birthplace of German automobiles, and is remembered and admired by people all over the world.
Text/Zhang Fengyu
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.