The torque conversion principle of the torque converter:
The oil flow in the hydraulic coupling is reversed. The hydraulic coupling pump wheel is actively connected with the engine crankshaft. When rotating, the centrifugal force causes The ATF is thrown outward, impacting the turbine blades, and the turbine is driven. The liquid returned from the turbine impacts the pump wheel, hindering the rotation of the pump wheel. It is characterized by low rotation efficiency, but it can achieve infinite speed change within a certain range, which is conducive to starting and changing the car. Blocking smoothness.
The direction of oil flow in the torque converter. In the torque converter with a stator wheel, the direction of the automatic torque converter oil will change after flowing from the turbine into the stator wheel. When the oil flows again When returning to the pump impeller, its flow direction becomes the same as the movement direction of the pump impeller, which strengthens the rotational torque of the pump impeller, thereby increasing the output torque. This is how the hydraulic torque converter can increase the torque. reason.
The role of the one-way clutch, because the one-way clutch is installed on the guide wheel shaft, allows the guide wheel to remain motionless when it is impacted by the oil from the turbine, so that the guide wheel can change the direction of the guide wheel passing through it. oil flow direction, thereby increasing the torque.
When the torque converter changes to a coupling, the direction of the oil flow in the torque converter, and when the turbine starts to rotate (that is, after the car starts), the rotating turbine causes the oil to flow from the turbine into the stator wheel. There is a change of direction. Under the action of centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the turbine, the oil flow no longer shoots directly to the guide wheel, but flows past the guide wheel and back to the pump wheel. The direction of oil flow back to the pump impeller is no longer the same as the direction of the pump impeller, so it loses its function of enhancing the torque of the pump impeller. Therefore, at this time, the hydraulic torque converter becomes a hydraulic coupling again and no longer has the function of increasing the torque of the pump impeller. The effect of moments. When the stator wheel starts to rotate, as the turbine speed continues to increase, the oil entering the stator wheel from the turbine impacts the back of the stator wheel, causing the stator wheel to rotate in the same direction as the turbine and pump impeller.