I have done everything in the world for the king, and won fame before and after his death. ? "broken?"
The lifelong wish of many scientists is to be on the podium of the Nobel Prize. As the highest standard in the world, the Nobel Prize has been awarded for 124 years, including many awards. Then, after so many years, why is there any money left in the Nobel Prize? How much money did Nobel leave in that year?
chemist Nobel
When it comes to the Nobel Prize, we have to mention his founder, chemist Nobel. Many people have learned Nobel in textbooks. His greatest achievement in his life is the inventor of nitroglycerin explosives. In modern times, he is best known for creating the Nobel Prize. Alfred? Bernhard? Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833. His whole family are scientists. His father is a famous scientist, and his mother is also a descendant of scientists. He has lived in a family with prosperous science since childhood.
Nobel showed his cleverness at an early age and was often praised by his teachers at school. In 1842, he immigrated to Russia with his family. After that, he had a long study career. He went to the United States to study and visited European countries. Until his father's business failed in 1859, he returned to his hometown of Stockholm with his younger brother.
Back to his hometown, without the interference of his father's business, he began to immerse himself in scientific research. In just three years, his research on nitroglycerin explosives was declared successful, and then he applied for a patent and started to build a factory to produce nitroglycerin explosives. But life can't be smooth sailing. At this time, nitroglycerin is very dangerous to produce because of its unstable nature. There have been serious explosions in factories in many countries, and his younger brother even died in the factory.
But he didn't give up. Instead, he continued to study the new detonator of nitroglycerin bomb. This time, the new detonator was much more stable, so he won the Astor Award from Swedish Academy of Science. After that, he didn't stop researching. In addition to nitroglycerin, he also invented plastic explosives, gun powder and so on. During his lifetime, he obtained about 335 patents, all of which were very valuable, and some formulas were still in use. < P > In p>1896, Nobel suffered from severe angina pectoris, and the doctor advised him to take nitroglycerin, but he ignored it and finally died that year. In 1895, he had already made a will, and all his legacy of 31 million Swedish kronor was used to establish the Nobel Prize Foundation. This is the origin of the Nobel Prize, but how did this money last for more than 1 years?
that's about the operation mode of the foundation.
Operation mode of Nobel Prize Fund
As a dedicated scientist, Nobel set up most of his property (only a little for his relatives) as a Nobel Prize to encourage new inventions and new creations. At the beginning of its establishment, the prize money was very high, which was equivalent to the salary of a university researcher for 2 years. He hoped that the researchers would have no worries and do useful research through this high prize money.
At the same time, as a successful businessman, he also knows that more than 3 million Swedish kronor is just a drop in the bucket, and if it is spent soon, he can't afford his inner expectations. Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of this fund, Nobel indicated that he would give his money to people with investment ability to manage it. Because of the significance of this money, for many years, this money was held by the top investors in the world. At the beginning, this money was really getting less and less. In 1953, there were only more than 2 million kronor left.
But a new era is coming soon. In the era of capital, professionals began to invest with this money. In 214, this fund has reached an astonishing 3.869 billion kronor, nearly 1 times of the initial fund. Even counting the inflation rate for more than 1 years, this fund is huge. As you can imagine, it is not a problem for the Nobel Prize to be awarded for another hundred years.
At the same time, the Nobel Prize is also rising. By 219, the highest personal prize has reached 9 million kroner, which is basically a sum that a pure scientist can't earn in his life. Are so many scientists scrambling to grab the Nobel Prize just because of its high prize money? Why does everyone admit that the Nobel Prize is the highest award? Not at first.
the credibility of the centennial nobel prize
although the nobel prize was founded in 1895, it was first promulgated in 191, and it was suspended for five years due to war, so why does it have such great charm?
First of all, it certainly has something to do with Nobel himself. Nobel was a world-famous chemist at the time when he just started awarding prizes, and his position in the field of chemistry was probably equivalent to that of Newton and Einstein to physics. Because of Nobel's great reputation, this award attracted the attention of the world at that time.
lies in its selection mechanism, which selects the highest achievements in a certain field in the world in the past year. As the saying goes, there is no first in literature and no second in martial arts. Everyone wants to be the first in the world and leave his mark in history.
Its bonus amount is really too much. Before his death, Nobel set up factories in more than 2 countries, and the money from his operation was roughly equivalent to 17% of Sweden's national GDP at that time. The annual personal bonus is basically a half-life salary of a university researcher, which was unique in that year. From the beginning, the Nobel Prize was huge. It didn't gradually upgrade from a folk award to an international award. From the very beginning, in 191, it searched for winners from all over the world and invited them to attend the award ceremony in Sweden. The king personally presented the prize, and the specifications were very high from the beginning. Basically, it is a feast hosted by Sweden with the power of the whole country. Finally, no matter what the current situation is, the Nobel Prize will not change its original intention. Its Peace Prize was once awarded to criminals in custody, and its medical prize was also awarded to German scientists during World War II. In any case, it is trying to maintain its credibility. It is the combination of these factors that has made such a world-recognized first prize.
But the Nobel Prize was not always smooth sailing. During World War I and World War II, due to the tense war situation, the Nobel Prize was suspended for several years, during which they encountered difficulties several times but finally overcame them. What's more, in 1895, when Nobel made his will, Sweden and Norway were still the same country. By 195, Norway and Sweden split. Although Sweden was responsible for the selection of most awards, Norway didn't hold back. They have been cooperating in awarding awards and didn't let this great award die halfway.
Sweden has also paid a lot for this award. Every year, different institutions in Sweden select different awards, which is obligatory. At the same time, the state once donated money to the foundation for its operation. Finally, it won tax-free treatment for the foundation in many countries. It can be said that the Nobel Prize has contributed all its property to the great contribution of mankind, and Sweden has carried it forward with the strength of the whole country.