The service life of foreign second-generation electronic computers is about 1957- 1964. Its software began to use process-oriented programming language. The first transistor computer in China was built in 1967, with an operation speed of 50,000 times per second. Transistor can not only realize the function of electron tube, but also has the advantages of small volume, light weight, long life, high efficiency, less heat generation and low power consumption.
Transistors are solid semiconductor devices, including diodes, triodes, field effect transistors and thyristors. , sometimes called bipolar device, has many functions such as detection, rectification, amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and so on. Diode is one of the earliest semiconductor devices and is widely used. It has unilateral conductivity, that is, when a DC voltage is applied to the anode of the diode, the diode is turned on. When a reverse voltage is applied to the anode and cathode, the diode is turned off.
Development history of transistor
The invention of transistor can be traced back to 1929, when Lillianfeld, an engineer, obtained the patent of transistor. However, due to the technical level at that time, the purity of the material used to manufacture this device was not enough, so it was impossible to manufacture this transistor.
1947 65438+In February, a research team composed of shockley, Badin and bratton of Bell Laboratories developed a point contact germanium transistor. The advent of transistor is an important invention in the 20th century, and it is the pioneer of microelectronics revolution. After the appearance of transistor, people can replace the electron tube with a small power consumption electronic device. The invention of transistor blew the horn for the birth of integrated circuit.
In the first 10 years of the 20th century, semiconductor materials have been used in communication systems. In the first half of the 20th century, the crystal receiver, which was widely popular among radio enthusiasts, used minerals as semiconductor materials for detection. The electrical characteristics of semiconductors are also applied to telephone systems.