How does a piece of equipment apply for a patent for its parts and the whole?

Generally speaking, we can separate as you say, and it won't affect!

But you still need to know your technical scheme to give an accurate direction!

Some innovative products are divided into 10 patents, which do not affect each other, but are more comprehensively protected! Your idea is very good!

I hope I can help you, welcome to ask and hope to adopt.