Supporting innovation cannot be "grasping the big and letting go of the small"
In supporting technological innovation, many places focus on large enterprise groups. Gui Liang reminded that SMEs are the most active factor in the innovation ecological chain.
Gui Liang said that in the industrialized countries headed by the United States, the "Big Mac" was replaced by a group of enterprises in the 1970s, which gave birth to service outsourcing, and large enterprises only focused on doing their own most competitive. An assessment by the American government shows that 70% of the original innovation comes from small enterprises, so in the 1980s, the Law on the Innovation and Development of Small Enterprises was promulgated, and an innovative scientific research plan was formulated.
Gui Liang said that small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises are the main force of technological innovation and the main embodiment of national competitiveness. Since the reform and opening up in China, 65% of patents and 70% of new products have been created by small and medium-sized enterprises. Large enterprises obtain monopoly profits through mergers and acquisitions, outsourcing and contract research and development, and form an innovation ecological chain together with small and medium-sized enterprises.
Help more small businesses leap into the "Death Valley"
Gui Liang pointed out that innovative small and medium-sized enterprises will always face the "valley of death" when the capital chain is broken in the initial stage. According to a survey in the United States, the minimum starting capital for entrepreneurs is $25,000. After this money is spent, it will be out of touch with the guarantee and mortgage requirements of commercial financial institutions, forming a "valley of death", and two-thirds of enterprises will continue to die within three years.
In the United States, almost all federal agencies will spend 2% of their own budgets to support the innovation activities of small businesses. The US national budget allocates $654.38+000 billion every year to ensure the implementation of the technological innovation plan for small enterprises, and there are 500,000 "business angels" with entrepreneurial experience to tutor small enterprises, ensuring that entrepreneurial activities are not only the introduction of funds, but also the introduction of experience. In China, a number of innovative enterprises such as Shanghai Weichuang and SMIC have risen rapidly, and the driving force behind them is the venture capital institutions invested by the government. At the beginning of July, China officially launched the first national venture capital guidance fund, and the central government allocated 654.38 billion yuan to support the entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises.
Entrepreneurship support model should be diversified.
Gui Liang said that the government and enterprises must do their best. The government should not directly participate in the investment and operation of enterprises, but should create a fair and open environmental system, let investment institutions and social funds "vote with their feet" and guide funds to naturally flow to entrepreneurial enterprises with development potential, which is better than directly subsidizing enterprises with money.
He said that the Hebrew University of Israel conducted a survey of investment companies with government participation in more than 0/00 countries around the world, and pointed out the "key" of venture capital: First, it should support high-quality technology-based SMEs; Second, the government funded the establishment of management companies, but did not participate in management. Any social fund is willing to buy government shares, and the government transfers them according to the original value; Third, the government should be a brilliant industrial policy designer and broker, and effectively combine innovation funds, incubators and cluster innovation plans to form an innovation ecology and spawn more high-quality seed enterprises.