Fire extinguisher is a portable fire extinguishing tool. Chemicals were put in the fire extinguisher to put out the fire. Fire extinguisher is one of the common fire prevention facilities. They are stored in public places or places where fires may occur. Different types of fire extinguishers contain different components and are specially designed for different fires.
The type of fire extinguisher that should be equipped in the teaching building is ABC dry powder fire extinguisher, and 2-3 kg is the most suitable. There should be fire hydrants on each floor of the teaching building to ensure that there is water and pressure at ordinary times, and there should be 2 fire extinguishers on each floor of the stairs. There should be 3 points in the canteen, 2 points in the canteen, 1 point in each operation room and 2 fire extinguishers in each point.
Development history of fire extinguishers
Fire Extinguisher-The ancient fire extinguishing apparatus is very simple, which is nothing more than hooks, axes, shovels, buckets and the like. The first real special fire extinguisher was invented by British captains Manby and Norfolk in 18 16. This is just one or two barrels filled with 1 water and compressed air.
By the middle of19th century, French doctor galil invented the portable chemical fire extinguisher. Mix sodium bicarbonate and water in a barrel, and put sulfuric acid in a glass bottle at the mouth of the barrel. When in use, the hammer breaks the bottle, so that the chemicals are mixed to produce carbon dioxide, which is discharged out of the barrel by water pressure.
1905, Professor Laurent of Russia invented a foam fire extinguishing agent in St. Petersburg. Aluminum sulfate is mixed with sodium bicarbonate solution, and stabilizer is added. Foam containing carbon dioxide produced after spraying floats on burning oil, paint or gasoline, which can effectively isolate oxygen and suffocate the flame.
1909, Davidson of new york obtained a patent. He used carbon dioxide to squeeze carbon tetrachloride out of a fire extinguisher, and this liquid immediately turned into a heavier nonflammable gas to extinguish the flame. Since then, small fire extinguishers such as dry powder fire extinguishers and liquid carbon dioxide fire extinguishers have appeared.
Development of Fire Extinguishers in China
After decades of development, China's fire fighting technology has made gratifying achievements. Water-based fire extinguishing agent, foam fire extinguishing agent, dry powder fire extinguishing agent, inert gas fire extinguishing agent, halon fire extinguishing agent and new fire extinguishing agent meeting the requirements of ecological environment protection have been developed. Various types of fire extinguishers have also been developed, and the product standards and test method standards of fire extinguishing agents and fire extinguishers have been established.
Although there is a certain gap in quality and variety between China and developed countries, it can basically meet the requirements of China's fire protection market. Specialization of fire extinguishers will be a main direction of future market development. Specialization is to concentrate the production of similar products and expand the production scale, so as to adopt specialized and efficient technical equipment to achieve high quality and efficiency. The application of standardization engineering can reduce product types, stabilize product structure and expand production quantity, thus getting rid of batch constraints and promoting the application of new technologies and the improvement of specialization level.