1. The earliest metronome
It was invented by German John Nepomuk melcher in 18 16. He is the founder of mechanical musical instruments, and has developed a musical instrument (mechanical band), a hearing aid and a musical metronome. 18 16 years, the first perfect metronome he invented first appeared in public in Vienna, Austria. Since then, metronome has spread like wildfire and become the pet of music lovers all over the world.
2. The three most famous violin manufacturers
Piano is called the "king" of musical instruments, while violin is the "queen" of musical instruments. The development of violin art is closely related to the production and innovation of violin. Antonio stradivari (1644-1737), a famous Italian violin maker, moved the violin grip from his knees to his chin. In addition, there are two great figures in the history of violin making. They are Amati and Guanelli. All three violin makers live in the northern Italian town of cremona. At present, the violins made by three masters in cremona are often worth 65,438+10,000 yuan. They are so expensive because they are not only of practical value in music, but also a beautiful work of art.
3. The most contributing inventor of the key system of wind instruments.
Woodwind instruments have gone through centuries from embryonic form to basic formation. Among the inventors of the reform, Theodore Bohm, a flute player and instrument reformer in Munich, Germany, has achieved the greatest success. He successfully trial-produced the ring-key flute, designed a set of reasonable new fingering methods, theoretically obtained the accurate data that the flute is close to a quarter of the mouthpiece and the pipe diameter is close to parabola, and changed three quarters of the pipe body into a cylindrical pipe, so that the effective pipe length of the flute can reach 30 times of the pipe diameter, thus making the octave relationship of each sound accurate. In addition, he changed the oval blowhole into a rounded rectangle, and increased the diameter of the sound hole to make the tone more full and bright. Later, people called his flute mechanical mechanism system "Bohm system" and transplanted it to other woodwind instruments, which basically improved the structure of woodwind instruments.
4. The earliest recording equipment
The phonograph designed by American Thomas Alba Edison in 1877 is the earliest recording device in the world. On February 6th, 65438, John clausi, Edison's assistant and mechanic, made the first prototype and used it to record Edison's song Mary's Goat. 1878 On April 24th, Edison Phonograph Company was established in Broadway, New York, and started its sales business. They combined this machine with many tin foil cylinder records and rented it to street performers. The earliest home phonograph was the Addison Parra phonograph produced in 1978, and the price of each phonograph was 10.
5. The earliest string quartet
/kloc-Before the 0/8th century, the "original band" did not have any fixed organization. The number of band members and the types of musical instruments are determined by the conditions for nobles to hire bands or the requirements of composers.
1755, 23-year-old Austrian composer Haydn was employed by Count von Berg to compose music for the court. Instrumental music was popular at that time, and two violins played the same melody, accompanied by harpsichord. Because the harpsichord is weak, the bass part sometimes has to be strengthened with cello. Count von Berg's band consists of only four people, two violins, a viola, a cello and no harpsichord. This band arrangement made Haydn quite nervous. After repeated research, he divided the two violins into two parts, with the viola as the inner part, which enriched the harmony effect and completely replaced the harpsichord with cello to play bass. Thus, the first string quartet was established.
Haydn composed 77 string quartets in his life. Up to now, the string quartet has been regarded as the most elegant and expressive music form.
6. The fastest piano tuning
The frame of modern piano is cast iron, but the old-fashioned frame is easy to go out of tune because of unreasonable material and structure, and often has to be tuned temporarily when playing. Therefore, in the early piano solo concert, the performer must hire a piano tuning lawyer to accompany him to ensure the accuracy of piano pitch.
Based on the above reasons, musical instrument reformers have made a series of innovations, but most of them ended in failure. Therefore, the only thing that can be improved about the pitch of piano timbre is the tuning skills. First, adjust the lawyer's pitch concept; The second is the speed of tuning.
65438-0980, new york Dante Piano Factory held a professional lawyer tuning competition. The method of the competition is to raise all the participating pianos by one and a half tones. Please ask the tuning lawyer to restore all the notes to the original pitch as soon as possible. Finally, Steve fairchild, a tuning lawyer, created the fastest tuning speed of 4 minutes and 20 seconds and won the championship.
7. The longest rest
American musician John Cage (19 12-) is a tireless music experimenter. He abandoned the traditional playing and composing skills. He is famous as the pioneer of "piano-adding", which is to place various objects on or between strings of traditional piano, thus changing the original sound and timbre.
Cage studies opportunity music and electronic music without music, which narrows or indirectly excludes the role of composers. His work 4 minutes and 33 seconds is the most famous and unprecedented silent music, with a pause time of 4 minutes and 33 seconds, setting a world record for the longest pause time.
8.the earliest tape recorder
The earliest tape recorder was the "Blattner von" tape recorder. 1929, Blattner Color and Sound Studio in Leigh, Erz, England, used this tape recorder in order to synchronize sound with photography. This tape recorder is based on the patent of German audio technician Kaelte Huettiere, designed by producer Luis Blattner, and it is also the earliest tape recorder with electronic amplifier. 193 1 year, BBC bought its first tape recorder in Blattner.
9. China Palace
China Gong is a percussion instrument that people are very familiar with. This is a great musical invention of China people. So far, the earliest unearthed object is a bronze gong in the No.1 tomb of Wanbo, Guixian, Guangxi, which has a history of 2000 years.
A foreign musician once said, "A symphony orchestra without China gongs is somewhat inferior." The sixth symphony ("Pathetique") composed by the famous Russian composer Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840- 1893) appropriately used China's gong, which deeply touched the heartstrings of the audience. The China Gong used by the Dresden Symphony Orchestra, the oldest symphony orchestra in the world, was made in China in the Qing Dynasty and was the first Chinese musical instrument to enter the western orchestras. Today, the big gong is still the only Chinese instrument in the necessary compilation of western orchestras and symphonies.
10. The greatest invention in modern music
The saxophone invented by Belgian saxophone 1840 is recognized as the greatest invention among musical instruments for hundreds of years. The saxophone was created by the inventor of saxophone, who combined parts of brass and woodwind instruments. It makes sound by playing a single reed, similar to woodwind instruments. But although it is made of copper, the pronunciation of the instrument is more similar to that of a brass instrument. This musical instrument is a very popular new musical instrument with strong sound quality and rich colors. In this century, due to the prevalence of jazz, saxophone has increasingly become an important instrument in modern music.