Insect-resistant, antiviral and herbicide-resistant transgenic crops are the main transgenic crops at present, which is also the main reason why planting transgenic crops can increase production. According to the survey report of the American Agricultural Resources Administration (ARMS), the vast majority of genetically modified crop growers hope to increase their yield by controlling pests and diseases. In addition, the report also pointed out that planting transgenic insect-resistant corn actually increased the yield by 9% compared with traditional corn, and also reduced a lot of manpower and material resources, and achieved good economic and social benefits. According to the investigation of transgenic cotton planting in Hebei province, the results also show that planting transgenic insect-resistant cotton has increased the family income of cotton farmers to a certain extent, and its net output value has a great correlation with family business and living consumption expenditure.
Great progress has also been made in improving crop quality by using transgenic technology, and a new transgenic soybean line with oleic acid content increased from 25% to 85% has been successfully cultivated. The stearic acid content of transgenic rape seeds increased from 2% to 40%, and the oil content of rape varieties "Chaoyou 1" and "Chaoyou No.2" increased by 25%. And a number of excellent crop varieties, such as new rice varieties rich in iron, zinc and vitamin A, can prevent anemia and vitamin A deficiency. In the research of improving protein composition of plant food, high protein transgenic sweet potato has been successfully obtained. Su Mingjie and others introduced the whole DNA of soybean into wheat. The analysis showed that the protein content of the seeds of the transformed progeny plants was improved to varying degrees, and the highest was 18.38%. The bulk density and wet gluten content of the seeds were also improved obviously.
(2) Enhance the stress resistance of crops
With the deepening of the research on the molecular mechanism of plant resistance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, low temperature, radiation, etc.). ) and the improvement of plant transgenic technology have opened up a brand-new way for cultivating new crop varieties with high efficiency and stress resistance such as drought resistance, salt tolerance and cold resistance, and some excellent genes in the laboratory research stage have been successfully transformed. By transferring transcription factor gene DREB and related genes regulating trehalose synthesis, a number of new transgenic wheat materials with certain drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerance were obtained. Shen Fafu and others introduced the DNA of salt-resistant Apocynum venetum into Lumian 6, and bred two salt-tolerant lines, whose lint yield was higher than that of Lumian 6. It was also reported that maize gene not only promoted rice photosynthesis, but also enhanced rice drought resistance and high temperature resistance. Yin Jun et al. introduced antisense thioredoxin gene into wheat and obtained new wheat materials with certain pre-harvest sprouting resistance.
(3) reduce the impact of agricultural production on the ecological environment
Planting transgenic crops with insect resistance, herbicide resistance and high fertilizer efficiency can significantly reduce the amount of pesticides used in crop growth and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, thus reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment. The experimental results in Arizona, USA show that the pesticide consumption of IR cotton is 40% less than that of traditional cotton planting. According to ISAAA report, from 1996 to 2006, the use of active ingredients of pesticides was reduced by about 300,000 tons because of planting transgenic insect-resistant cotton, which reduced the destructive impact of global pesticides on the environment by 15.5%. Due to the promotion of transgenic cotton, the pesticide consumption in China decreased by more than 600,000 t in the past 10 year, and by10.4 million t in 2007. In North America, the International Panel on Climate Change estimated that from 1996 to 2004, the global CO2 absorbed by planting bio-modified cotton increased by 6 1 10,000 kg, which was equivalent to a decrease of 27 1 1 car on the road. In addition, under the situation that the global fresh water resources are increasingly scarce, it is expected that drought-resistant transgenic crops will have a very important positive impact on the global agricultural production system, especially on developing countries with severe drought. The development of transgenic crops can improve the price ratio of biofuel production, thus effectively reducing oil consumption and CO2 emissions.
Developing a transgenic crop is very complicated. Even if the transgene is successful, whether it can be used in production still needs a lot of work, such as whether it can be inherited stably, whether it is homozygous, and whether the agronomic characters meet the production requirements. If it is confirmed to be in line with agricultural production, it is necessary to do food safety experiments and environmental safety experiments, and then experts will evaluate the experimental results and decide whether to issue safety certificates. It takes a lot of money and time to do these experiments.
3. Genetically modified crops must be approved by the state before they are marketed and purchased. Genetically modified pumpkins have not been approved by the state. Of course, they are not sold and cannot be bought.
4. Transgenic plants have been planted at home and abroad, including cotton, corn, soybean, cabbage rape, European rape, papaya, rice, wheat, potato, tomato, beet, rose, Petunia, sweet pepper, tobacco, flax, alfalfa, carnation, chicory, poplar, plum, zucchini, melon and creeping bentgrass. Among them, transgenic cotton, corn, soybean and rape are planted in a large area.
The cultivation of genetically modified soybeans and peanuts has not been approved in China. Imported soybeans are basically genetically modified, and genetically modified peanuts have not been approved for import. Therefore, peanuts in the domestic market are not genetically modified; Genetically modified soybeans are limited to imported soybeans, and domestic soybeans are non-genetically modified.
6. Because genetically modified food is a new thing, many people don't understand it. In order to reassure everyone, they adopted overly strict requirements, that is to say, the country will issue safety certificates only after strict scientific experiments prove that they are safe. Therefore, genetically modified foods approved by the state are very safe. It has been 18 years since 1995 was approved in the United States. 70% of foods in the United States contain genetically modified ingredients to some extent, and there have been no adverse reactions so far. In addition, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the European Food Safety Agency, the Royal Society, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the US FDA and other authoritative organizations all hold a positive attitude towards genetically modified food, so some rumors on the Internet are not credible.
In addition, if you want to know more about the correct knowledge of genetic modification, you can consult: authoritative attention to genetic modification, hot attention to genetic modification, genetic agriculture network. These websites are sponsored by professional societies and national scientific research institutions, and the articles are basically written by experts, which are very accurate and different from other websites.