The fame of carnation benefits from the first Mother's Day stamp 1934 issued in the United States in May. The stamp pattern is a picture of the world famous paintings, in which a mother stares at carnations in a vase. The spread of stamps links Dianthus with Mother's Day. Therefore, in West Renye Fang, carnations are customarily designated as holiday flowers for Mother's Day. On Mother's Day, people whose mothers are alive will wear red carnations and make bouquets for their mothers. Those who lost their mothers wear white carnations to express their grief. There is no one without a mother in the world, and carnations have become the flowers that everyone loves. Dianthus has become an indispensable gift for mothers because it is covered with maternal love on Mother's Day. With the deepening of reform and opening up and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, Mother's Day has gradually spread to China, and carnations have really "smelled", and ordinary people have gradually accepted this beautiful foreign name-carnations.
Carnation, native to the coastal areas of China, likes a cool and sunny environment, which is not heat-resistant, dry and low-temperature. It should be planted in calcareous soil with rich humus and good drainage. The flowering period is from April to September, and it is cultivated in protected areas all the year round. Carnation is an excellent variety of cut flowers, with delicate color, fragrant smell and long flowering period, which is suitable for all kinds of flower arrangement and often forms a beautiful bouquet with gladiolus, asparagus and bracken.
Carnations mostly represent love, charm and respect, and red represents love and care. The legend of pink carnations is that the Virgin Mary left sad tears when she saw the crucifixion of Jesus, and carnations grew where the tears fell, so pink carnations became a symbol of immortal maternal love, while in France, carnations were regarded as ominous flowers. Carnation has been introduced to China for a whole hundred years. It is said that in 1900, the Englishman Roes opened an "English flower shop" on the Bund of Nanjing Road in Shanghai, mainly selling carnations, which was an exclusive operation. However, on 1920, he found that the flower shop opened by China people also sold carnations, so he flew into a rage and went to court. On the day of the trial, Ross proudly said that there were no carnations in China, but he bought them from abroad and should enjoy the patent. He must have stolen the carnations sold by China people, and demanded that the China flower shop be punished. Lawyer China asked him, "Are the carnations you sell picking flowers or branches with leaves and buds?" Luo said, "All flowers are for sale." Lawyer China said, "You sold cuttlefish and received money. The buyer has the right to cut cuttlefish and breed it. How can you say it's stealing? " Luo was speechless. The court ruled against the British flower shop.
Exquisite, elegant, dignified, elegant and fragrant carnations, with the rise of Mother's Day, are becoming more and more popular all over the world and become the largest selling flowers in the world. Mother creates warmth and wishes her health and safety.
carnation
[Alias] Carnation, carnation.
[Genus and morphology] Dianthus, Dianthus. Annual or perennial tufted herbs. The plant height is 60-80 cm. The stems are grayish green and covered with white powder. Leaves linear-lanceolate, opposite. Flowers solitary or 2-3 flowers clustered at the top of branches, solitary or double.
[Growth Habits] It is native to southern Europe and India, with a Mediterranean climate, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. I like a cool, dry, sunny and well-ventilated ecological environment. It has good cold tolerance and poor heat resistance, and the optimum growth temperature is 14-2 1℃. When the temperature is above 27℃ or below 14℃, the plant grows slowly. Carnations like fat.
[Propagation and cultivation]
(1) Breeding:
Sowing, layering and cutting can be used, with cutting as the main method.
Cutting can be carried out at other times except in hot summer, especially at165438+ from late October to early February. Cuttings can be lateral branches, with a length of 7- 10 cm, which are produced between leaf axils in the middle of branches. When picking cuttings, we should use the "bud-breaking method", that is, take down the lateral branches along the main branches in our hands, so that the base of cuttings has knots and it is easier to survive. Cut immediately after harvest or soak the cuttings in water before cutting. The cut soil is common garden soil mixed with 1/3 chaff ash or sand. After transplanting, water frequently to keep humidity and cool. At room temperature 10- 15℃, it can take root in about 20 days and can be transplanted and planted in one month.
Stratification will be carried out in August and September. Select a long branch, cut the skin with a knife at the part that touches the ground, and press the soil on it. After five to six weeks, it can take root and survive.
(2) culture
1. Soil: slightly alkaline clay with good drainage, rich humus, good fertilizer conservation performance.
2. Watering: Carnations grow vigorously and are more drought-resistant. In rainy and humid areas, the soil is easy to harden. Due to poor ventilation, the root system develops abnormally, so attention should be paid to loosening the soil and draining water in rainy season. In addition to watering in time at the peak of growth and flowering. It is advisable to water less at ordinary times to keep the soil moist. The air humidity should be kept at about 75%, and proper water spraying before flowering can prevent the bud from cracking in advance.
3. Fertilization: Carnations like fertilization. Before planting, sufficient baking fertilizer and bone meal should be applied, and liquid fertilizer should be applied continuously during the growing period. Generally, decomposed thin fertilizer water is applied once every 65,438+00 days, and topdressing is performed once after picking flowers.
4. Others: In order to promote carnation to bloom more, coring should be carried out many times from the seedling stage: when the seedlings grow 8-9 pairs of leaves, coring should be carried out for the first time, and 4-6 pairs of leaves should be reserved; When more than 4 pairs of leaves grow on the lateral branches, the second core removal is carried out, and 3-4 pairs of leaves are left on each lateral branch, so that the whole plant finally has 12- 15 lateral branches. When pregnant, only one bud is left at the top of each lateral branch, and all buds and lateral branches sprouted in the axils below the top should be pulled out in time. Cut off the stem in time after the first flowering, leaving only two buds at the base of each branch. After such repeated enucleation, plants can be beautiful and flowers can be colorful.
Liking bright light is an important feature of carnations. Whether it is indoor interdisciplinary, potted summer or greenhouse cultivation, it needs sufficient light and should be placed in the sunny position of direct sunlight.
【 Pest control 】 Common diseases of carnation include calyx rot, rust, gray mold, bud rot and root rot. Zineb can be used to prevent calyx rot, and 5- oxide rust can prevent rust. In the prevention and control of other diseases, zineb, carbendazim or cardan should be used for soil treatment before planting. In case of spiders and aphids, 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times solution is generally used to kill them.
[Usage] Carnation is an important cut flower material, and can also be used to decorate garlands, flower baskets, bouquets and so on. Because of its long flowering period, delicate flower shape and elegant fragrance, it is very popular among people. Dwarf varieties can be potted for viewing, and flowers can also extract the essence.