Germany's V 1 missile is widely used to attack targets in southeast Britain and various targets in continental Europe. Britain calls it "winged missile" or "aircraft missile". The missile is 26 feet (7.90 meters) long with a single wing and a simple pulse jet engine. It was designed by a design team led by Robert Russel, an engineer from Gerhard Fissler Co., Ltd. in Kassel. It is launched from an inclined track and equipped with a predetermined guidance device, from which the missile is guided to fly in a specified direction. The launching weight * * * is about 4,806 pounds (2180kg), of which 1874 pounds (850kg) is Amato high explosive. A very simple chimney-shaped thing installed on the missile body is the argus thrust device.
The Germans fired about 10000 V 1 missiles at Britain. Most of them, about 85%, were launched from land. A * * * 7,488 missiles flew over the British coast or were discovered by the British, and 3,957 missiles were shot down before reaching the target. 35,365,438+0 escaped the British defense, 2,465,438+09 flew to London, about 30 arrived in Southampton and Portsmouth, and one hit Manchester. Therefore, only about a quarter of the ground-launched missiles fly to their target areas. For air-launched missiles, this ratio is about one tenth.
The full name of V-2 missile in German is Vergeltungswaffe-2, which is the first ballistic missile developed by Germany in 1942. It means "retaliatory weapon -2" and aims to directly and accurately attack British targets from the European continent. It is a sign that rocket technology has entered a new era, with a maximum range of 320 kilometers.
V-2 missile is a weapon propelled by its own power plant and guided to the target by the guidance system. Missile warheads (warheads) can be ordinary charges, nuclear charges, or chemical and biological warfare agents.
1944 may 16, the german high command issued an order to use V-2 missiles to fight. 1On the evening of September 6, 944, Germany launched two V-2 missiles to Britain for the first time, but both failed. On September 8th, Germany launched its first V-2 in London, England, and the bomb exploded in the City of London. This is the first time that V-2 successfully attacked the British mainland, which caused great panic in London.
From1September 6, 944 to1March 27, 945, Germany * * * launched 3,745 V-2 missiles, of which115 hit the British mainland and 2,050 landed in Antwerp, Europe. There are also 582 pieces for development, improvement and training. Of all the V-2s launched, 74% fell within 30 km around the target, and 44% of these missiles fell within 10 km. Judging from the casualties caused by the attack on Britain, 2724 people were killed and 6476 people were injured in V-2 * *, and the damage to buildings was also considerable. The power of the V-2 rocket weapon has been fully demonstrated, but it has not achieved the result that the German authorities hoped to save the defeat. Because the V-series was severely hit by allied air strikes, the German army once loaded the V-2 missile on a military truck and launched it, thus giving birth to the world's first self-propelled ballistic missile system.
In the late World War II, German Nazi V2 rockets roared across the English Channel to bomb London. V2 did not do any substantial harm to Britain, but it was not intercepted like V- 1 missile, so it had a great impact on British society. After World War II, both the United States and Russia were eager to master German rocket technology. However, according to the Yalta secret agreement, Pinamon, the main location of V2 rocket production plant, was assigned to Soviet Russia for safekeeping. The United States is unwilling. With the support of the U.S. government, the U.S. military set up a commando team and ordered an emergency mission code-named "paper clip". Within 10 days from May 22nd, 945 to May 30th, 3 15, American troops marched into Bavaria and occupied the area, using 300 train cars and 13 ships, and snatched nearly 100 V2 rockets and all related equipment and semi-finished products. The next day, the Soviets arrived on June 30th.
Although the United States has obtained a large number of V2 semi-finished products and manufacturing equipment, the most valuable thing is that American intelligence agencies successfully persuaded Lieutenant General Wald Dornberg, the head of the German military rocket project, Dr. Werner wernher von braun, the core of the research team, and related 126 research team members to go to the United States, and they were placed in the rocket research team in Fordbris, Texas, and the newly-built Baisha missile proving ground in New Mexico. 1945 in September, Wernher wernher von braun arrived in the United States at the age of 33. Since then, the rocket industry and space industry in the United States have developed by leaps and bounds. Apart from military use, V2 rockets are also very useful in studying the upper atmosphere and ionosphere and taking photos of the earth's surface.
1946, the U.S naval laboratory launched a V2 rocket, which shot into the sky for hundreds of kilometers to observe ultraviolet rays from the sun. This is the first time that V2 rocket has been used in space research, which has opened a new chapter in space science. In addition, V2 rocket was also used as a manned flight test vehicle, which once carried monkeys and other small animals into space.