Standard format sample for short essays
In our day-to-day study and work life, we all often see essays. Essays refer to papers in various academic fields. Articles that examine and describe the results of academic research. How to write an essay to avoid making mistakes? Below is a standard format sample of a small paper that I have compiled for you. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Standard format for short papers
1. Basic requirements
●Use A4 plain white paper uniformly, with page numbers typed on the right lower corner.
●The page numbers are arranged vertically on A4 paper. The top and bottom margins are 3cm, and the left and right margins are 2.5cm.
2. Printing format:
●The title of the paper (uniformly use a small two-size boldface)
●Abstract (only the Chinese part is required for the time being) should not exceed 200 words.
The abstract title uses size 4 italics GB2312, bold
The abstract content uses size 5 boldface and appears below the title on the homepage.
●Keywords (three to five).
The keyword title uses size 4 italics GB2312, bold
The keyword content uses size 5 boldface and appears below the home page title
●Text
p>Chinese characters use imitation Song Dynasty GB2312, and Western characters use Times New Roman font.
There should be no blank lines between text paragraphs.
Of course, a scientific paper is not simply a list of the materials at hand. Profound reasoning and regular guidance are its essential characteristics. Viewpoints and materials complement each other. The value of the paper is reflected in the value of the topic, and the value of the topic is reflected in the argument of the materials. The organic integration of the two will form a good scientific and technological paper.
Extended reading: Science and technology essay format template
Abstract: By elaborating on the current situation of my country's agricultural science and technology management, this paper discusses how to build a new system of China's agricultural science and technology management under the new situation.
Keywords: Agricultural science and technology management, current situation and causes, new system
After more than 20 years of reform and development, my country’s rural economy has entered a new stage of development, and the comprehensive agricultural production capacity Significantly improved, the supply of agricultural products has shifted from long-term shortage to overall balance and structural and regional relative surplus. On the one hand, this shows that the current agricultural economic structure cannot meet the growing material needs of the people. On the other hand, it also shows that agricultural development is brewing a new breakthrough from quantitative change to qualitative change. The development of agriculture is not only related to the long-term stability of the country and the realization of strategic goals, but also related to the rise and fall of the Chinese nation. Formulating and improving the agricultural science and technology system with Chinese characteristics, establishing and improving the agricultural science and technology management system, and transforming the traditional agricultural production model and management methods will It is the best choice to realize agricultural modernization.
1. The current situation of agricultural science and technology management in my country
Modern agricultural science and technology management uses scientific management theories and methods to organize various agricultural technology activities based on the development laws and characteristics of agricultural science and technology. and planning in order to achieve the predetermined agricultural technology development goals in the most reasonable and effective time and economy. It is an important part of modern scientific and technological management and an effective way to maximize agricultural economic efficiency. However, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to restore and develop the national economy as soon as possible, our country has implemented a city-based industrialization strategy, which has forced the transfer of industry funds into industrial accumulation. Driven by the industrialization strategy, my country's modern industry has Cities expanded rapidly. In comparison, agriculture as a whole has been stagnant for a long time and has struggled to develop.
Since the reform and opening up, in the face of new international and domestic situations, the state has increased investment in agricultural science and technology funds, strengthened the establishment of scientific research institutes, accelerated the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and standardized it in the form of law. Transaction of agricultural science and technology patent results. If agriculture wants to develop and farmers want to increase their income, in addition to the need for national policies, the key is to rely on the support of agricultural science and technology. However, due to some objective factors constrained by imperfect systems, the development of my country's agricultural science and technology is incompatible with the overall economy. There are four reasons for this. First, the main body of agricultural science and technology management is not clear.
Modern agriculture uses high-tech and applicable technologies to transform the old "four-reliance" of traditional agriculture into the new "four-reliance" of relying on science and technology, relying on talents, relying on investment, and relying on management.
Since the main body of agricultural science and technology management in our country has been dominated by the vertical regulation and direct leadership of governments at all levels for a long time, the main status and role of agricultural science and technology management institutions have not been properly respected legally. At the same time, some agricultural science and technology investment entities and benefits have not been properly respected. Unclear status and unclear property rights make producers and operators lack enthusiasm and fail to produce due benefits. It also seriously restricts the development of local agricultural economy. The development of science and technology is not based on human will, nor is it based on human will. In line with the government's administrative instructions, agricultural science and technology management requires managers to follow the universal laws of science and technology development. Therefore, under the premise of institutionalization, local science and technology management departments should also be given a certain degree of autonomy and flexibility to develop local agriculture according to local conditions. 2. The reason is the lack of funds for local agricultural science and technology management. The state allocates a considerable amount of funds in the fiscal budget every year for the reform and improvement of agricultural science and technology, and also requires local governments at all levels to invest some financial funds to support the development of local agricultural economy.
However, since our country implements a budget at the central and local levels, and local governments do not retain much disposable fiscal funds, the effect of large amounts of capital investment by local governments at all levels is not obvious, and their contribution to GDP growth is not high. In addition, there is naturally low enthusiasm for agricultural science and technology that has a long shelf life. This has resulted in some places that are capable of developing high-tech agriculture missing good development opportunities due to lack of strong financial support from the government. The Sanzu government has not done enough to promote high-tech agriculture. , farmers lack enthusiasm for adopting high-tech achievements. Farmers are the main factor in agricultural relations, and the key to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the support and support of the majority of farmers. At this stage, my country's agricultural science and technology management is basically dominated and monopolized by the government. The publicity of agricultural science and technology lacks intensity, and the market-oriented agricultural science and technology trading system has not been fully formed, making it difficult to transform agricultural science and technology achievements.
At the same time, due to the low cultural and scientific quality of the majority of farmers, small business scale, and low profits. The enthusiasm for the use of high technology is due to the low level of agricultural mechanization and lack of funds, which seriously restricts the development and transformation of agricultural science and technology, and the low-level operation of agricultural mechanization in our country. The current situation seriously restricts the realization of the scale effect of new agricultural technologies and the improvement of agricultural production levels.
2. Building a new modern agricultural science and technology management system
In the era of knowledge economy, the level of scientific and technological content. It is the key to increasing output, reducing costs, improving quality, reducing losses, improving efficiency, and occupying the market. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to increase the speed of scientific and technological research and development and reform the traditional scientific and technological management system. Effective countermeasures must be taken to build a new system of modern agricultural scientific and technological management. .
(1) Improve the science and technology management system and formulate long-term science and technology development strategies
The reform of the science and technology management system is an important part of my country's economic system reform. The development of agricultural science and technology needs to make forward-looking arrangements from a strategic perspective, break the fragmented science and technology management system, strengthen and improve the legislation and law enforcement of agricultural science and technology management, effectively protect intellectual property rights, and reward those who have achieved significant results and transformation benefits. units and individuals. Establish a public resource guarantee mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements
and improve the technology market and capital market. At the same time, investment in agricultural scientific research must be placed at the level of public financial support, and investment in agricultural scientific research must be regarded as the growing public demand and the internal driving force to maintain the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture. Formulating a long-term science and technology development strategy is not only an important guarantee for the long-term sustainable and stable development of the agricultural economy, but also an essential requirement for the development of modern agricultural science and technology. The national agriculture, science and technology authorities and local governments must take a long-term perspective, make reasonable regulations for industrial science and technology work, form an optimal allocation of forces at three levels, and provide broad space for the development of our transformed agriculture.
(2) Further implement the strategy of promoting agriculture through science and education, and accelerate the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.
The transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements is an eternal theme in the development of science and technology, and it is also the reason why my country has not yet been satisfied in this aspect. Answers to real-life dilemmas. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces involves different stages of development. From a macro perspective, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a large system composed of scientific and technological supply, transformation, demand and scientific and technological environment systems. Its operation requires the establishment and improvement of relevant power mechanisms, income distribution mechanisms, restraint mechanisms, incentive mechanisms and control mechanisms.
From a micro perspective, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements includes laboratory research, pilot experiments, industrial experiments, factory production and other links. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the connection system of scientific research and achievement transformation of universities and scientific research institutes, implement the scientific and technological marriage of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises and localities, and mobilize various agricultural science teaching and research institutions and private enterprises to participate in the diversified agricultural technology extension service system. Scientific and technological research and development must operate in accordance with the laws of market economic development and take the actual needs of production as an opportunity. Scientific and technological achievements can only add more value to society when they are transformed into productivity. Enterprises can rely on their own advantages to carry out research, development and introduction of new products, new technologies, new processes and new equipment, becoming the main body of innovation and the carrier of technology promotion.
Scientific research institutions, leading enterprises and farmers should form a close community of interests, making them an incubator for teaching and scientific research results, a production base for the promotion of excellent varieties, and effectively exerting the radiation and driving effects of science and technology. In 2003, Nanjing Agricultural University and other units jointly launched the "Hundred Professors' Science and Technology to Promote Hundreds of Well-off Villages Project" project jointly launched by Lianyungang Municipal Government and Lianyungang Municipal Government. The direct connection with rural areas avoids cumbersome procedures, information transfer errors and resource losses caused by intermediate links, and realizes the transformation of the functions and service-oriented concepts of public institutions. Farmers can also solve new problems encountered in the agricultural production process, New situations are fed back to experts in a timely manner, striving to solve problems at the earliest stage of discovery.
3. Improve the quality of agricultural science and technology talents and improve the agricultural talent market
To speed up the pace of agricultural modernization, education is the foundation, science is the key, and talents are the core. The number of high-quality talents who have received higher education and professional knowledge training has now become an internationally accepted standard for measuring the strength of a country's competitiveness. Scientific and technological talents, management talents and intermediary talents are the carriers of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Only these talents can Only through close cooperation can the multi-dimensional interaction of government, enterprises, schools, research and capital be realized. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the equity participation mechanism with intellectual property as capital, effectively strengthen the status of intellectual capital in scientific and technological innovation, and reduce the access of intellectual capital. Threshold.
At the same time, qualified local governments should establish a local talent pool and stabilize it as a long-term mechanism. Universities and scientific research institutes should create a cultured and technologically savvy workforce for the local area. , New farmers managed by good management associations: In adult education, we will train technical personnel at or above junior college level in the central and western poverty-stricken areas in urgent need of agricultural talents; implement distance education and various professional lectures, and timely introduce various latest agricultural technologies. Scientific and technological information should be spread to agricultural areas; agricultural universities should set up agricultural extension master's programs to train agricultural technology extension personnel at the grassroots level; local governments should also provide various conditions for agricultural technology extension personnel to avoid brain drain. Truly establish a new mechanism for the flow of talent incentive factors and market selection in our country, form a multi-dimensional interactive innovation model of marketization, networking, informatization and institutionalization, and promote the leap-forward development of my country's agriculture.
(4) Reform the agricultural extension mechanism and improve the agricultural extension system
Strengthening the reform and improving the agricultural technology extension system is the key to determining the success or failure of the modern agricultural system reform. In our country, agricultural technology stations in the traditional sense have long been transformed. It has become an empty frame or purely profit-making institution with only departments, no personnel or only institutions and no functions. The successful experience of developed countries in the modern agricultural economy tells us: if agriculture is to develop, the role of grassroots extension stations cannot be doubted, and the role of grassroots extension stations must be built well in a modern sense. The agricultural extension system will be the key to the ultimate solution to the "three rural issues". Not only is my country's current agricultural technology extension system unable to adapt to the market economic system, it is also unable to cope with the impact of world agricultural trade on my country's traditional agricultural economy after China's entry into the m. On the premise of ensuring the stability of the agricultural technology extension system, we should deepen institutional reform and establish an agricultural technology extension service system that adapts to the new situation. Strengthening the construction of the agricultural technology extension system should not be solely aimed at pursuing economic benefits, but should be aimed at maximizing social benefits. All localities should proceed from reality, deeply explore the development potential of local agriculture, improve the technological content and market access threshold of agricultural products, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market, and help farmers resist various risks.
(5) Establish a modern information platform to realize the "highway" of agricultural science and technology
The science and technology information platform refers to the integration of science and technology and information that already exist in society, for the rapid and reasonable use of science and technology resources Provide an information resource library that can be queried and utilized at any time. In order to establish an agricultural digital information "highway" and realize the sharing of resources, a scientific and technological information service system led by the agricultural department should be established in each county, including the establishment of agricultural science and technology. l10" system and expert database; it is necessary to effectively change the government's concept, rationally set up agricultural management and service agencies to improve the agricultural science and technology management system, and avoid the occurrence of multi-headed management and mutual recommendation and wrangling; it is also necessary to learn from foreign advanced experience to prepare for the establishment of a high-level agricultural It is undoubtedly not enough to rely solely on administrative departments to establish a unified agricultural early warning mechanism for the intelligence information system. It is unimaginable without the participation of extensive non-administrative forces. Therefore, the government should promote and integrate existing resources and adopt multimedia information exchange methods to grasp the situation. We should do a good job in agricultural infrastructure construction, technology development and scientific and technological services, that is, the management of the three stages of science and technology before production, during production and after production, to achieve a win-win situation of economic and technical benefits.
Agricultural science and technology information "highway". To maximize functions, 3S technology is the core. Therefore, rational use of 3S technology is to promote agricultural modernization, promote the construction of independent scientific and technological innovation systems, transform traditional agricultural management models, and use information technology to promote traditional agriculture towards modern agriculture of "two highs and one excellence". The best way to transform and transform traditional agriculture is that the government should encourage and support the development of agricultural cooperative economic organizations, increase the conversion rate and application scale of science and technology, and always adhere to the principle of "whoever builds it, who manages it" and pay attention to the use of economic leverage. Normative and guiding role to guide its sound and rapid development
3. Conclusion
Entering the new century, the new scientific and technological revolution is booming, and the process of technological and economic globalization has accelerated significantly. International competition has become more intense, and scientific and technological progress will become a decisive factor in improving the overall quality of the national economy and enhancing comprehensive competitiveness. The contribution of science and technology to agricultural production has become an important part of agricultural comparative advantage. The government should grasp the modern transformation of agriculture from a macro perspective. The overall situation of development, comprehensively grasping the historic opportunity of agricultural modernization reform, courageously pioneering and innovating, constructing a new agricultural science and technology system that is compatible with the development of modern agriculture, and serving the construction of a vibrant and harmonious new socialist countryside;