1. Steel additives
As an alloy additive for steel, molybdenum is the most important use, and steel containing molybdenum accounts for 1/10 of the world's crude steel production
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Alloy steel: It consumes the largest amount of molybdenum, accounting for 44% of the world's total molybdenum consumption and more than half of the amount of molybdenum added to steel
Stainless steel: it accounts for about 30% of the total molybdenum consumption 22%, usually the amount of molybdenum added is 4% to 5%, which is often used in anti-erosion and anti-corrosion areas. Such as petroleum refining, natural gas wells and places with serious corrosion in oil wells, aircraft engines, marine equipment, chemical equipment, etc.
2. Molybdenum and molybdenum-based alloys
Their usage accounts for approximately 6% of the world's total molybdenum consumption. Molybdenum has the advantages of high melting point and boiling point, good high-temperature strength, anti-friction and corrosion resistance, large thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient, and good hardenability, making it widely used in aerospace, weapons, electronics, chemical industry and other fields
When the recovery satellite returns to the atmosphere, it must overcome the erosion of hot airflow. Therefore, it is required to withstand vibration, shock, vacuum, radiation and temperature alternating environments. Molybdenum-based alloys are often used to make the skin of the stabilizing skirt of satellite recovery cabins. TZM molybdenum alloy is also used to make the nozzle of the solid fuel rocket engine of the space rocket or space shuttle, the nose cone of the rocket, the leading edge of the aircraft, the rudder, the heat shield, the honeycomb structure, etc.
3. Molybdenum Chemical products
This item accounts for about 10% of the total molybdenum consumption, about half of which is used as lubricant, followed by catalysts, pigments, anti-corrosion agents, reagents, etc.
1 ) Lubricant: High-purity molybdenum disulfide powder is known as the king of solid lubrication and is widely used due to its wide temperature adaptability range, heavy load resistance, direct air resistance, radiation protection... etc.
2) Catalyst: Molybdenum compounds are one of the most widely used catalysts currently known. As early as 1910, Badishe of the United Kingdom published a patent for using molybdenum compounds as catalysts in the ammonia synthesis process. To this day, nCo2O3mMoO is still widely used in the ammonia synthesis industry as a raw material gas oil hydrogenation and desulfurization catalyst
3) Pigments: Chromium yellow and cadmium yellow are the most commonly used inorganic yellow pigments in the world today. Lead, chromium, and cadmium are all highly toxic. In the call for environmental protection, the development of non-toxic pigments is very important
4) Microfertilizers: Plant organisms are composed of more than 60 elements. Nitrogen, phosphine and potassium are the three major fertilizers for plants. The elements boron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and iodine, which are in very small amounts, are called seven micronutrients and have begun to attract people's attention
5) Others: Black molybdenum film is used for solar energy conversion. mirror. For effective photothermal solar energy conversion, high solar absorption rate must be matched with high infrared reflectivity, and black molybdenum film is currently the best material
Extended information:
< p>Molybdenum is a transition element that can easily change its oxidation state and plays a role in transferring electrons in redox reactions in the body. In its oxidized form, molybdenum is most likely in the +6 valence state.Although it is also likely to revert to the +5 valence state first during electron transfer. However, other oxidation states of molybdenum have also been found in the reduced enzyme. Molybdenum is a component of xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase, thus confirming that it is an essential trace element for the human body, animals and plants.
The biological properties of molybdenum are also very important. It is an essential trace element not only for plants but also for animals. Molybdenum is one of the main components of molybdenum flavin protease in nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plants; it is also one of the main components of plant nitrate reductase; it can also stimulate phosphatase activity and promote the synthesis and transportation of sugar and starch in crops; it is beneficial to early maturity of crops. . Molybdenum is one of seven important micronutrients. ?
Molybdenum is also one of the basic components of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in the liver and intestines of animals, and is also a basic component of heparin sulfite oxidase. Studies have shown that molybdenum also has a significant anti-caries effect. Molybdenum has a strong inhibitory effect on the formation of urinary stones. Molybdenum deficiency in the human body is prone to kidney stones. A healthy person weighing 70kg contains 9mg of molybdenum in his body.
For humans, molybdenum is the only element among the second and third types of transition elements known to be essential for humans. Compared with similar transition elements, molybdenum has extremely low toxicity and can even be considered basically non-toxic. poison.
Of course, excessive intake will also accelerate the oxidation of the elastic material - plasmalogen - in the human artery wall. Therefore, areas where the soil contains too much molybdenum have a lower incidence of cancer but a higher incidence of gout and systemic arteriosclerosis.
Animals that eat forage containing excessive amounts of molybdenum, especially long-horned animals, are prone to stomach problems.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Molybdenum