As the birthplace of the industrial revolution and the pioneer of the current high-carbon economic model, the United Kingdom is deeply aware of its historical responsibility in the process of climate change, so it takes the lead in the world in promoting low-carbon development. The banner of carbon economy has become the most active advocate and practitioner of developing low-carbon economy.
In 2003, former Prime Minister Tony Blair presented a white paper entitled "Our Future Energy - Creating a Low-Carbon Economy" (DTI2003), announcing that the overall goal of UK energy development in 2050 is to fundamentally transform the UK. Become a low-carbon country. In accordance with the commitment of the Kyoto Protocol, the EU's greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced in 20128 on the basis of 1990. The UK has expressed its willingness to assume more responsibilities for EU member states in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of "emission reduction" within the EU The UK committed to reducing emissions by 12.5% ??under the “Quota Sharing Agreement”, which is 4.5 percentage points higher than the average emissions reduction target of 8%. Not only that, the British government further stated that it will strive to reduce emissions of the main greenhouse gas - carbon dioxide by 20% in 2010 and 60% by 2050. The Italian government mainly affects the country's economic policies and economic development through energy conservation and emission reduction policies and measures and technological development.
More than 80% of Italian energy relies on imports. Therefore, Italy pays more attention to the development and utilization of renewable energy and new energy. With the implementation of the "Kyoto Protocol", the overall European energy policy, and the world energy market Change drives the development of low-carbon technologies. As a developed industrialized country, the German government is at the forefront of the world in energy development and environmental protection technology. The German government has implemented a high-tech climate protection strategy, including climate protection and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in its sustainable development strategy, and has formulated specific goals and objectives for climate protection, energy conservation and emission reduction through legislation and a highly binding execution mechanism. schedule.
3.1 Implement the high-tech strategy for climate protection
In order to achieve the goal of climate protection, the German federal government has launched five energy research plans since 1977. The latest phase of the plan has been implemented since 2005, focusing on energy efficiency and renewable energy, and providing financial support through Germany's "High Technology Strategy".
3.2 Improve energy efficiency and promote conservation
3.3 Vigorously develop renewable energy
3.4 Reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In the past 10 years, France has attached great importance to and is committed to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, we have vigorously developed renewable energy and clean energy with nuclear energy as the theme, and have achieved remarkable results in saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in industry, construction, transportation and other fields.
4.1 Nuclear power takes the lead
France’s nuclear power industry started in the 1970s when some countries were wavering on nuclear power. In the past 30 years, France’s nuclear power industry has developed very rapidly, competing with the United States and Japan. It constitutes the top three in the world's nuclear power industry.
4.1.1 Advanced technology and reasonable layout
4.1.2 Security measures to protect
4.1.3 Successful "integrated" operation model
4.1.4 Future nuclear power development plan
4.2 Encourage the development of "carbon-free" green energy
For long-term considerations, the French government has been issuing investment loans and tax exemptions in recent years. , ensuring sales, government pricing and other policy measures to encourage the development of various green energy sources. Denmark has created a unique economy in renewable energy and clean and efficient energy technologies such as wind power generation, straw power generation, ultra-supercritical boilers, etc. Denmark has become universally recognized as one of the countries that reduces carbon dioxide and solves energy problems best. On the road to sustainable energy development.
5.1.1 World-leading wind power generation
Denmark is an island country with more than 400 small islands. It is rich in wind resources and leads the world in the use of wind energy. Denmark is the first country in the world to use wind energy.
According to statistics from the Danish Energy Agency, as of 2007, wind power accounted for 21.22% of the Danish power grid - the EU's goal of achieving 20 renewable energy power generation by 2020, which Denmark has achieved ten years ahead of schedule.
5.1.2 R&D and application of solar energy technology
For many years, Denmark has been committed to the research and development of related technologies to improve solar energy efficiency. So far, there are more than 30,000 solar heating stations in Denmark, mainly used for residential hot water and space heating.
5.1.3 Straw combustion to generate electricity
Denmark is the first country to use straw to generate electricity. In order to establish a clean development mechanism and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the Danish government has long stepped up the research, development and utilization of biomass and other renewable energy sources. Denmark's BWE company took the lead in developing straw bio-combustion power generation technology and remains the world's top holder in this field.
5.1.4 Advanced low-carbon industries Although the United States has not joined the Kyoto Protocol, it has attached great importance to energy conservation and carbon reduction in the past 20 years. The United States implemented the Clean Air Act in 1990 and passed the Energy Policy Act in 2005. In July 2007, the U.S. Senate proposed the Low Carbon Economy Act.
2.1 Transform traditional high-carbon industries and strengthen low-carbon technological innovation
2.2 Apply market mechanisms and economic leverage to promote corporate carbon reduction
2.3 U.S. clean energy and SECURE Act
2.3.1 Clean Energy
2.3.2 Energy Efficiency
2.3.3 Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2.3.4 Towards a Clean Energy Economy Brazil is one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide. Facing the severe situation of power shortage and implementing the greenhouse gas emission reduction tasks stipulated in the Kyoto Protocol, Brazil has accelerated the development of clean energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, promoted the development of low-carbon economy in recent years, and achieved remarkable results.
3.1 The world's leading terrestrial plant "petroleum"
3.2 Wind power: Brazil has a development goal
3.3 Saving the Amazon forest
3.4 The carbon credit mechanism turns stone into gold