After the founding of New China, due to the need of national defense construction, Liang Shou was transferred from Zhejiang University to Harbin Institute of Military Engineering, and began to display his talents and serve the country. 1956, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense was established, and Liang Shoujia was named and transferred to the Fifth Institute to participate in the emerging rocket industry. He became one of the top ten research laboratories under Qian Xuesen, was appointed as the director of the rocket engine research laboratory, and participated in the imitation work of the P-2 missile aided by the Soviet Union. He knew very well that it was not easy to get a little advanced science and technology under the blockade of foreign countries at that time, so it was of great significance to copy it with limited assistance from the Soviet Union. He wants to "learn regular script first, then write cursive script" and increase his ability of self-design from imitation. However, in the cooperation with Soviet experts, he deeply felt that if you don't use your head to copy, you won't learn the true scriptures, but you will be led by others. Therefore, Liang Shou put forward the requirements of anti-design to the designers, starting with digesting the drawings and materials, using the known formula to design according to the technical index requirements of the product, and then comparing his own design results with the missile object to verify the consistency between theory and practice, thus increasing the ability of self-design. In this way, after completing the imitation task, designers can be more confident to design independently.
As the chief designer of China's first imitation missile, Liang Shou is neither superstitious nor blindly obedient to foreigners, and has his own independent opinions on technical issues based on reality. 1960, the imitation of P-2 missile was completed, but on the issue of using rocket fuel, Liang Shou had differences with Soviet experts. Soviet experts believe that China's liquid oxygen contains too many combustible substances, which is in danger of explosion when used. But at this moment, the Soviet Union is preparing to withdraw its experts, and the fuel of the Soviet Union can't be supplied to China for a long time, making it difficult to launch. Liang shou thought, why can't we use domestic fuel? He repeatedly calculated, looked up the data for analysis and comparison, and found that the data of the Soviet Union were inaccurate. He did not consider that the impurities contained in more than ten tons of liquid oxygen would not be oxidized and burned together, so it was entirely possible to replace the Soviet fuel with self-made fuel. On August 2 1 of the same year, shortly after the withdrawal of Soviet experts, Liang Shou's opinion was adopted and the first P-2 missile was successfully launched with domestic liquid oxygen as oxidant. This is the first time that Liang Shou has personally experienced the victory of self-reliance.
This success gave Liang Shou greater confidence and strength. Later, when he independently designed a large thrust rocket engine, he boldly put forward the idea of parallel centrifugal pumps and using unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine as fuel, which greatly improved the specific impulse and successfully developed a large thrust rocket engine. Liang Shouxian used two sets of turbopumps to create unbalanced conditions, and observed whether they could automatically reach a balanced parallel state when working. The test proves that the parallel connection of centrifugal pumps is feasible and can coordinate and balance the work. Subsequently, he presided over the investigation and put forward the determination scheme of the toxicity of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and the measures to prevent human poisoning. After a year of repeated experiments and research, we found a special method of detoxification ship and improved the operating rules. Later, practice proved that this unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine can not only be used as fuel for large rocket engines, but also be mixed with kerosene to replace a mixed amine fuel refined from a large amount of grain, which played an important role in rocket engines. When designing a liquid rocket engine with greater thrust, Liang Shou also put forward many constructive suggestions, including advocating the development of ramjet engines, which showed his superb technical skills and original spirit.
1965, Liang shou was appointed as the vice president of the Third Hospital of the Seventh Machinery Department, and also served as the chief designer of the coastal defense missile weapon system, responsible for the technical work of developing coastal defense missiles. When he was in charge of designing the engine of a cruise missile named "Yinghai" 2, he put forward two bold ideas: first, changing the original hanging box into a bearing box and fixing the wing on the box can reduce the structural quality and increase the volume of the propellant box; The second is to increase the stiffness and length of the projectile through the above methods, thus increasing the range. In order to verify these two ideas, he worked with scientists and technicians for two months and completed the experimental samples. 1966 12, the "Yinghai" 1 missile developed by the brother unit was tested, and the launcher was used in imitation. As a result, the first two bullets disappeared after being shot. People think that the cold weather affects the work of radar; But in May of the following year, another injection failed. When Liang Shou participated in the analysis of the reasons, he thought that the problem was not the missile itself, but during the launch. He circled the launcher several times at the launch site, returned to his residence thoughtfully, picked up a pen and calculated. According to the calculation results, he thinks that the total length of the missile launcher is 5 meters. When the missile is launched, because the launcher is too long, the missile's off-track head tilts and its tail sinks, and the missile collides with the missile body under severe vibration and is damaged. When the missile is launched, it can't track the target naturally, so it can only fly in a straight line. Later, when testing the Yinghai -2 missile he presided over, he suggested sawing off the launcher 1.2 meters. Some people don't believe that solving problems is so simple; It worked, even a few shots. Liang Shou said that some of our technicians still follow the imitation method and design according to the script. Due to lack of experience, they naturally took a detour. People say that chief designer Liang Shou is a person who believes in his own strength.
Liang Shou's proudest and hardest task is to successfully develop an ultra-low altitude supersonic coastal defense missile. In 196 1, some technologically advanced countries, such as the United States, gave up and stopped developing such missiles. However, Liang Shoudun urged relevant departments to incorporate it into China's development plan. He believes that this kind of missile is not only technologically advanced, but also very suitable for the needs of national defense strategy, which is a goal worth pursuing. However, some people think that he overreached himself and even gave up the United States. Can a country with backward technology like ours develop successfully? Liang Shoujian held on to the castle peak and never gave up until he reached his goal. He went through hardships, endured great pressure and difficulties, and even faced the danger of being cut off several times.
When the project was first established, a letter proposing to immediately cancel the development project was placed in front of the Minister of the Seventh Machinery Department. The minister was embarrassed. On the one hand, he feels that Liang Shoumu not only has the spirit of bravely climbing the peak of science and technology, but also has enough technical ability. On the other hand, I think the opponents' opinions are not unreasonable. He asked his secretary to copy this letter to Liang Shou, hoping that he could answer the questions raised in the letter. After reading the letter, Liang Shou thought that technical problems can only be better improved and solved through discussion and thinking and arguing with different opinions. Moreover, he believes that if foreigners haven't made anything, China people may not be able to make it, and they can't have the idea of belittling themselves; On the basis of existing technology, China can completely surpass foreigners in some technical fields. So he wrote a letter to Qian Xuesen, stating his ideas with strict logic, eloquent arguments and convincing data. Qian Xuesen thinks that Liang Shou's point of view is very reasonable, and he readily supports his idea and agrees with his opinion. Liang Shou's idea was approved.
But soon, ten years of "Cultural Revolution" catastrophe put his scientific research project on hold, and Liang Shou and his technical scheme were "knocked down". Later, Liang Shou was specially protected in the list of a group of space scientists listed by Premier Zhou Enlai for martial law, and returned to the research room to avoid the disturbance of turmoil and resist various pressures, and continued to experiment with his scheme and make breakthroughs.
After the Cultural Revolution, Liang Shou thought that the missile project he was responsible for would speed up the development process. But I didn't expect the relevant departments to cancel this project. After learning this information, Liang Shou remembered what General Zhang Aiping, director of the Bureau of Science and Technology for National Defense, said: "We should pick out things that are suitable for China's topography, climate and economic conditions, and others don't have them. Why can't we have them? It is not the ambition of China people to emulate and make phonographs for a long time. " Encouraged by this, he thought that only Zhang Aiping could save the project he presided over. So he wrote a letter to General Zhang Aiping, then Vice Premier and Minister of National Defense, explaining in detail the significance of this project to national defense, especially the breakthrough progress made in this scientific research. Now canceling it is tantamount to giving up all previous achievements, which is not conducive to national defense construction and the development of space science and technology. Zhang Aiping appreciates Liang Shoujia's patriotic enthusiasm and intellectual talent, and he is also very aware of this valuable quality that he will never give up when he is technically sure. But for the sake of prudence, Zhang Aiping asked Liang Shou face to face: "Do you think it is ok in theory?" Liang Shou replied affirmatively: "Yes, it is feasible in theory, so I believe my plan can be successful, so I insist." Zhang Aiping listened to Liang Shoujia's answer, nodded with satisfaction and encouraged him: "Then do it boldly. Why can't we do what Americans think we can't do? " Therefore, Liang Shou's plan was included in the national development plan.
Liang Shou worked hard for this ultra-low altitude supersonic missile for 27 years and finally succeeded. This missile model caused a sensation after its appearance at the World Expo and was called "the most surprising missile" by the press.
Liang Shou said: "As an aerospace scientist, my greatest wish is to contribute to my work. No matter what family you are, the key is what you have done for the country, how to do your own thing well, and how to make the country rich and strong by your own efforts. Our achievements are not aimed at introduction, but on the basis of introduction, we combine advanced technology with our own things and go our own way. " He is so full of confidence, not afraid of challenges, brave in innovation, firmly believe in his own strength, and try his best to fight for the take-off of China's space flight.