Development of blood analyzer.
Traditional hematological examination: manual examination under microscope. The accuracy and reliability of blood cell count and white blood cell classification results are affected to some extent, and the inspectors are time-consuming and laborious.
1947 American scientist W.H.Coulter invented the patented technology of counting particles by resistance method. 1956, he successfully applied this technique to blood cell counting. Its principle is to count and measure blood cells based on the non-conductive characteristics of blood cells and the resistance change caused by blood cells suspended in electrolyte solution passing through the counting hole. This method is called resistance method or Coulter principle.
At the end of 1960s, blood cell analyzer could not only count blood cells, but also determine HBG hemoglobin at the same time.
With the rapid development of computer technology in 1970s, the complex program of platelet counting (platelet counting after manually separating platelet-rich plasma) was improved to count platelets and red blood cells simultaneously.
It developed rapidly in the 1980s. On the basis of eight tests, reporting red blood cell index and three histograms can not only provide information about anemia, but also analyze the types and causes of anemia. Platelet parameters are of great value for hemostasis, diagnosis of thrombotic diseases and observation of curative effect of some diseases. A blood cell analyzer with three subsets of white blood cells was developed.
In the 1990s, a five-category blood analyzer and a blood cell analyzer which can count reticulocytes were developed. At the same time, the application of laser, radio frequency and chemical staining counting in cell detection is more mature and has developed into a blood cell analysis assembly line.
2. Progress of white blood cell classification technology
The earliest white blood cell sorting equipment only separated lymphocytes according to the volume distribution of white blood cells. Starting from 1970, Coulter Company began to design instruments for leukocyte classification, and first introduced two kinds of S-PLUS series instruments, and then introduced two kinds of T series instruments in 1980, both of which can be used for leukocyte classification. SysmexF800 and F820, which are familiar to everyone and are still in use, are also roughly classified according to the histogram of leukocyte volume distribution. At present, the semi-automatic or full-automatic blood cell analyzer with 18 parameter and white blood cell classification has become the mainstream blood cell analyzer in the laboratory department of hospitals in China.
It is unscientific to classify blood cells only by simple volume analysis, whether it is 3 points difference or 2 points difference. In fact, cells are simply grouped according to size, so domestic experts suggest that this classification is called grouping, which is a two-part or three-part blood cell analyzer.