In fact, it is the ionic equation of carbonate hydrolysis: CO32-+H2O=HCO3-+OH- (reversible symbol; )
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Decontamination principle: soda ash is Na2CO3；; Dissolved in water and separated from carbonate, carbonate will be hydrolyzed to make the solution alkaline. The main components of oil pollution are esters, which hydrolyze in alkaline environment to produce stearic acid and alcohols. Both stearic acid and alcohol are soluble in water, thus achieving the effect of decontamination.
Sodium carbonate, an inorganic compound with chemical formula of Na2CO3 and molecular weight of 105.99, is also called soda ash, but it belongs to salt, not alkali, and is also called soda ash or alkali ash in international trade. Sodium carbonate is a white powder, tasteless and odorless, and easily soluble in water. The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline, which will absorb moisture and agglomerate in humid air, and some of it will become sodium bicarbonate.
The preparation methods of sodium carbonate include combined alkali method, ammonia alkali method, Rubin method and so on. , can also be refined with trona. It is an important inorganic chemical raw material, which is mainly used to produce flat glass, glass products and ceramic glaze. It is also widely used in household washing, acid neutralization and food processing.
Before synthetic soda ash, some algae were found to contain alkali in dried ash in ancient times. After hot water extraction and filtration, brown lye can be obtained for washing. A large amount of trona comes from minerals and is mainly buried underground or in alkaline lakes. The trona ore occurring in the sedimentary layer has the highest grade and is widely distributed.
The earliest method of synthetic soda ash was invented at the end of 18. In Lubran, France, mirabilite is reduced by limestone and coal at high temperature, and carbonized to obtain black ash, which is a crude product mainly containing Na2CO3. After leaching, evaporation, refining, recrystallization and drying, heavy soda ash with purity of about 97% was obtained.
186 1 year, Belgian ernest solvay independently invented soda ash and obtained a patent. Because the protection of technical secrets has not been widely used, it only started to break through in the United States in the 1920s. In particular, a famous chemical expert in China, Hou Zai 1932, published the book "The Manufacture of Soda Alkali", which was kept secret for 70 years, and Su Wei's method was made public.
Hou also established the Hou Shi soda process in 1939- 1942, and established a pilot plant in Sichuan. 1952 Dalian chemical plant established a joint soda production workshop. NA method introduced by Asahi Glass Company in Japan is essentially a compromise method between soda and ammonia water. The ratio of soda ash to ammonium chloride can be adjusted at will.