Motors (starters) have many uses, from heavy industry to small toys. Different environments will choose different types of motors. Here are some examples:
Wind control equipment, such as electric fans, elevators, underground railways, trams, electric cars, starting motors of automobiles, jets and helicopters, conveyor belts in factories and supermarkets, electric automatic doors and electric rolling brakes on buses;
CD-ROM drive, printer, washing machine, water pump, disk drive, electric shaver, tape recorder, video recorder, CD turntable, high-speed elevator, machine tool (such as machine tool), textile machine and blender.
principle
The rotation principle of the starter is based on Fleming's left-handed rule or right-handed rule. Put the wire in a magnetic field. If the wire is energized, the wire will cut the magnetic field lines to make the wire move. A device that current enters the coil to generate a magnetic field, and the electromagnet rotates continuously in the fixed magnet by using the magnetic effect of current, can convert electric energy into kinetic energy. Interact with a permanent magnet or a magnetic field generated by another set of coils to generate electricity.
There are many kinds of starters, and their basic structure is mainly composed of stator and rotor. The stator is stationary in space, while the rotor can rotate around the shaft and is supported by bearings. There will be a certain air gap between the stator and the rotor to ensure that the rotor can rotate freely. The housing (field yoke) needs to be made of a material with high magnetic permeability and used as a magnetic circuit.
The principle of DC motor is that the stator is stationary and the rotor moves in the direction of interaction. Ac motor is a rotating magnetic field generated by applying alternating current to the stator winding coil, and the rotating magnetic field attracts the rotor to rotate together.
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R&D history
1740, the first motor was a simple electrostatic device invented by andrew gordon, a Scottish monk. 1827, Hungarian physicist Anyouxi Jedlik (? NyosJedlik) began to try to do experiments with electromagnetic coils. After solving some technical problems, Jedlik called his equipment "electromagnetic dumper".
Although it is only used for teaching purposes, the first Jedlik equipment already contains three main components of today's DC motor: stator, rotor and commutator.
1836, Thomas Davenport, an American blacksmith, manufactured the world's first applied motor that can drive a small tram, and applied for a patent in 1837. Davenport went bankrupt because of the high cost of main battery and commercial failure. Some inventors continue to develop and apply motors, but they all encounter the same problem of battery power generation cost.
1845, the British physicist Wheatstone applied for the patent of linear motor, but this principle was not taken seriously until the 1960' s, and practical linear motor has been widely used in industry every time.
1In the early 1970s, Belgian electrical engineers developed the world's earliest commercial motor.
1888, nikola tesla, a famous American inventor, applied Faraday's electromagnetic induction principle to invent an AC motor, that is, an induction motor.
1902, Swedish engineer Danielson invented the synchronous motor by using the rotating magnetic field concept of Tesla induction motor. 1923, the Scotsman james will French invented the three-phase variable reluctance stepping motor.
1962, with the help of Hall element, the practical DC brushless motor finally came out. In the1980s, practical ultrasonic motors began to appear.