Scientific name of anthocyanin: OPC anthocyanin is a water-soluble pigment, which can change color with the pH of cell fluid. Cell sap is red when it is acidic and blue when it is alkaline. Anthocyanin is one of the main pigments that constitute the color of petals and fruits. It is produced by phenylpropanoid pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The factors that affect the coloration of anthocyanins include the structure, pH and coloration of anthocyanins. The color of pericarp is influenced by internal and external factors and cultivation techniques. Light can increase anthocyanin content; High temperature will degrade anthocyanins. Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite of plants and plays an important role in physiology. The color of petals and fruits can attract animals to pollinate and spread seeds (Stintzinand and Carle, 2004). It is commonly found in the tissues of flowers and fruits, as well as in epidermal cells and lower epidermis of stems and leaves. The market price of some fruits is determined by the depth of color. Anthocyanin belongs to flavonoids in phenolic compounds. The basic structure consists of two benzene rings connected by a three-carbon unit (C6-C3-C6). Anthocyanins are produced through phenylpropionic acid pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and are catalyzed by many enzymes. There are six aglycones, namely geraniol, cyanidin, delphinidin, paeoniflorin, petunia and mallow. Anthocyanins show different colors due to different hydroxyl groups (-OH), methylation, glycosylation, sugar types and connection positions (Fan, 1998). The expression of color is influenced by the changes of biochemical environmental conditions, such as anthocyanin concentration, color effect and pH value in fluid cells (Clifford, 2000). The aim is to understand the factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis and provide reference for field cultivation management. Orange and yellow are the functions of carotene. 19 10 found β -carotene in carrots, and then found two other isomers of carotene in * * * *, namely α, β and γ. β -carotene has been patented by 1958 (US2849495,1958 on August 26th, patentee: Hoffman Roche), which is mainly extracted from the ocean and can also be artificially synthesized. There are more than 300 different anthocyanins in nature. They come from different kinds of fruits and vegetables, such as purple sweet potato, blueberry, cranberry, blueberry, grape, elderberry red, blackcurrant, purple carrot and red cabbage, and their colors range from red to blue. These anthocyanins mainly include Delchindin, cyanidin, petunia and paeoniflorin. The color of anthocyanins changes with the change of PH, from raspberry red with PH 3 to dark blueberry red with PH 5. In most applications, these pigments have good light, heat and PH stability, and can withstand pasteurization and UHT heat treatment. Anthocyanins are widely used in beverages, sweets, jellies and jams. The color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different PH values are shown at the bottom right: the color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different PH values. In recent years, more and more people began to pay attention to the possible health benefits of anthocyanins as polyphenols. In the future, this characteristic of anthocyanins may be more and more used in functional food and health food. At present, there are mature anthocyanin products in the market, mainly including blueberry anthocyanin, blueberry anthocyanin, cranberry anthocyanin, elderberry anthocyanin, blackberry anthocyanin and black bean skin anthocyanin, with the content of 25% or 40%. Mr. Xue Xifeng of Xi 'an Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. made a detailed study on the extraction process, and started mass production of 25% anthocyanins at 200 1. [Edit this paragraph] The role of anthocyanins Anthocyanins widely exist in the tissues of purple sweet potato, grape, blood orange, red cabbage, blueberry, eggplant skin, cherry, red orange, raspberry, strawberry, mulberry, hawthorn skin, perilla, black (red) rice, morning glory and other plants. Hua >>
What is anthocyanin and what are its benefits to human body? Better be more detailed, thank you ~
What is anthocyanin? Anthocyanin is actually a pigment, which exists in fruits and flowers of various colors and is soluble in water. The peculiarity of anthocyanin is that its cell fluid is red when it is alkaline and blue when it is acidic. Anthocyanins are widely distributed in nature, with more than 300 kinds. In fact, many friends ask: what is anthocyanin, mainly to understand its efficacy, so what are the functions of anthocyanin? The magical effect of anthocyanin is 1. Anthocyanin has a strong antioxidant effect, which can resist the harm of free radicals to human body and prevent arthritis, cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Since it comes to anti-oxidation, natural anthocyanins also have the effect of delaying aging. 2. Anthocyanin also has anti-radiation effect. The color of anthocyanins will change with different PH values. Most anthocyanins have good light, heat and PH stability. For white-collar workers or people who have been exposed to sunlight and electric radiation for a long time, the role of anthocyanins is indispensable. 3. One of the highlights of anthocyanin is its skin care effect: from external skin care, anthocyanin can make skin smooth and elastic by inhibiting elastase and collagenase, and from internal conditioning, anthocyanin can enhance blood vessel elasticity, improve circulatory system, promote blood circulation, and make women realize beauty from the inside out!
What food contains the most proanthocyanidins?
That thing is in grape seeds and skins. But eating alone can't have a good effect, and the bad taste is not conducive to human absorption. Dry red, as you know, is brewed by grape pulp, grape seed and grape skin together. The proanthocyanidins you mentioned will have more content and higher purity after this procedure. Dry red wine also contains a variety of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, alcohols, fats, acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols and other nutrients, and is rich in phenolic biological factor resveratrol and flavonoid biological factor proanthocyanidins OPC. Fresh grapes may not be eaten all year round. Just drink dry red wine, it is still concentrated, and no other substances are added during processing. I found these on the internet, and I don't know if they are useful to you.
What is the specific effect of procyanidins?
1. Introduction to Procyanidins: Procyanidins, abbreviated as OPC, are bioflavonoids with special molecular structure and are internationally recognized as the most effective natural antioxidants for scavenging human free radicals. It is generally reddish-brown powder, slightly smelly and astringent, and easily soluble in water and most organic solvents. The latest research shows that proanthocyanidins extracted from blueberry leaves can prevent hepatitis C virus replication. It is a bioflavonoid with special molecular structure, and it is internationally recognized as the most effective natural antioxidant for scavenging human free radicals. Usually grape seed extract or French coastal pine bark extract. Procyanidins (grape seed extract) is a new type of high-efficiency antioxidant, the strongest free radical scavenger found so far, and has very strong in vivo activity. Experiments show that the anti-free radical oxidation ability of OPC is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C, and it is absorbed quickly and thoroughly. The highest plasma concentration can be reached in 20 minutes after oral administration, and the metabolic half-life can reach 7 hours.
Proanthocyanidins are a general term for a large class of polyphenols widely existing in plants, which have strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, can effectively scavenge superoxide anion free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, and also participate in the metabolism and protein phosphorylation of phosphoric acid and arachidonic acid to protect lipids from peroxide damage; It is a powerful metal chelating agent, which can chelate metal ions and form inert compounds in the body; Protecting and stabilizing vitamin C is helpful for the absorption and utilization of vitamin C. Proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in the skins, shells, seeds, cores, flowers and leaves of many plants, and the content of proanthocyanidins in grape seeds is the highest and the types are rich.
Second, the efficacy of proanthocyanidins:
1, improve blood circulation: proanthocyanidins can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, so they have the effect of reducing swelling and removing blood stasis. Capillary resistance is reduced, permeability is improved, and cells can absorb nutrients more easily and eliminate waste. Procyanidins can scavenge water-soluble and fat-soluble free radicals in cell membrane, thus inhibiting the process of releasing some enzymes to damage capillary wall.
2, protect vision: proanthocyanidins can significantly reduce eye capillary bleeding and improve vision. Procyanidins are also used to prevent complications after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.
3. Eliminate edema: Studies have shown that taking anthocyanins once a day can obviously relieve edema. A clinical trial was conducted in Bordeaux University, France, and 40 patients with edematous diseases with an average age of 60 years were studied. Participants were divided into two groups. The patients took 300 mg anthocyanin every day for 60 days, and all the patients' symptoms were relieved. After 30 days, the swelling disappeared in 26% patients. After 60 days, 63% of the subjects recovered from leg edema.
4. Moisturize the skin: Proanthocyanidins make more vitamin C effective, and vitamin C can more easily complete all its functions (including the production of collagen). Procyanidins attached to collagen can prevent the damage of enzymes that destroy collagen. Procyanidins not only help collagen fibers to form cross-linked structure, but also help to repair damage and damage caused by free radicals. Excessive crosslinking will suffocate and harden connective tissue, which will cause skin wrinkles and premature aging. Anthocyanins can also protect the human body from the sun and promote the cure of psoriasis and longevity spots. Procyanidins are also excellent additives for external skin cream.
5, remove cholesterol: the combination of proanthocyanidins and vitamin C can decompose cholesterol into bile salts, and then exclude them from the body. Procyanidins accelerate the decomposition and elimination of harmful cholesterol.
6. Cardioprotective agent: Procyanidins not only help to restore skin elasticity, but also help joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart) to maintain normal function. The vascular system is responsible for blood flow and delivers blood to all cells and tissues. Therefore, proanthocyanidins are the best cardioprotective agents found so far, no matter from the long-term or short-term effects. Procyanidins can also inhibit the production of histamine, thus reducing inflammation and helping arteries resist the influence of mutagenic factors leading to cardiovascular diseases.
7, anti-allergic inflammation: proanthocyanidins can slow down allergies, asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, rheumatoid arteritis, sports injuries, pressure ulcers and so on. When the human body is inflamed, it releases a compound called histamine, which can induce various symptoms of the above diseases. Anthocyanins inhibit the enzymes needed to produce histamine and prevent the production of histamine, thus reducing inflammation. Proanthocyanidins are famous histamine inhibitors, but they do not hinder other enzymes. Athletes appreciate anthocyanin because it can make joints flexible, repair collagen in connective tissue and reduce edema. It is also reported that proanthocyanidins can improve joint inflammation in many people.
8. Treatment of varicose veins: proanthocyanidins ... >>
What is proanthocyanidins (OPC)
It is an efficient auxiliary factor, a natural antioxidant with the strongest activity internationally recognized, and a substance for scavenging free radicals, blood rust and other toxins and its anti-aging effect. Although proanthocyanidins (OPC) have such magical effects, the human body cannot produce them. OPC proanthocyanidins are mostly concentrated in the skins, shells, seeds, leaves and stems of plants, such as grape seed skins. The best resources are collected from the fruits and leaves of Nelumbo plants, and the purity of OPC extracted from Nelumbo plants can reach over 98% (generally only 90% can be extracted from grape seeds and peels). Note: The skins, shells, seeds, leaves and stems in nature have not been extracted and processed, and the OPC in them cannot be extracted and absorbed by the natural human body. Procyanidins, that is, OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins) grape seed extract, are rich in plant flavonoids that are most beneficial to human body)-procyanidins or procyanidins. There are two basic proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract, one is catechin and the other is epicatechin. These two monomers can be polymerized to form oligomers or polymers. According to the degree of polymerization, dimers to tetramers are usually called oligomers, which are called oligomeric proanthocyanidins in English, abbreviated as OPCs or PCOs, and those above pentamers are called oligomeric proanthocyanidins polymers (PPC). In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the physical and chemical characteristics and biological characteristics of OPCs, and made breakthrough progress. The high content of OPCs and oligomer in grape seed extract ensures the high curative effect of proanthocyanidins in unit dose. Compared with most flavonoids, bioflavonoids OPCs extracted from grape seeds have special structure, good water solubility, high effectiveness, bioavailability of more than 90%, and are easily absorbed by human body, so they are the strongest natural antioxidants found so far. According to the research results of Jacques Masquelier in1951-1971and 1972- 1978, grape seed is considered as the best source of OPCs, which is rich in 92-95%. At the same time, scientific research results show that grape seed extract OPCs is an important anti-aging and anti-cancer natural product in the future, and grape seed extract has obtained medical permission in France. At present, various specifications of OPCs have appeared in the market, and only 65,438+00% monomer, 95% proanthocyanidins and 90% polyphenols are the real grape seed extracts. If the monomer is less than 3% and the polyphenol is 60-70% or even 90%, it is generally considered as proanthocyanidins PPC. Modern medicine and nutrition believe that free radicals can directly cause many diseases of human body, and are also related to the occurrence of other diseases. The graduate school of French Academy of Sciences has done experiments on scavenging free radicals by OPCs. The results show that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds are one of the most powerful free radical scavengers found so far. Its antioxidant activity is 20 times that of vitamin C and 50 times that of vitamin E. OPCs are used to improve vascular resistance and reduce capillary permeability, and their antioxidant and anti-enzyme effects have been confirmed by several in vivo experimental models to improve capillary permeability. With the increase of age, the elastic fibers in arteries become hard due to gradual oxidation, and arteriosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly. The increase of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol in the body is also a key factor leading to arteriosclerosis and heart disease. Animal experiments and clinical studies have found that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds can effectively reduce cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, prevent thrombosis, and help prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Antitumor effect? OPCs can protect cell DNA from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, thus preventing gene mutation leading to cancer. There is a kind of cell called "natural killer cell" in the body, which can kill cancer cells. Procyanidins can protect these cells and prolong their activity against cancer cells. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union exploded, and many local people were injured by radiation. Students living in this area suggest drinking a kind of red wine called Crimea, which is rich in proanthocyanidins to alleviate the impact of nuclear leakage on the human body. The second tumor spread caused by the protease produced by breast cancer, OPCs can protect protein from ...
Main functions of procyanidins
Procyanidins (PC) are a general term for a large class of polyphenols widely existing in plants, which have strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, can effectively scavenge superoxide anion free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, and also participate in the metabolism of phosphoric acid and arachidonic acid and protein phosphorylation, thus protecting lipids from oxidative damage. It is a powerful metal chelating agent, which can chelate metal ions and form inert compounds in the body; Protecting and stabilizing vitamin C is helpful to the absorption and utilization of vitamin C. Proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in the skins, shells, seeds, cores, flowers and leaves of many plants, and the content of proanthocyanidins in grape seeds is the highest, with rich species. In Europe, procyanidins have been used in clinical treatment for decades to improve blood circulation, treat diabetic retinopathy, relieve edema and inhibit varicose veins. Procyanidins can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, so they have the effect of reducing swelling and removing blood stasis. Capillary resistance is reduced, permeability is improved, and cells can absorb nutrients more easily and eliminate waste. Transport nutrients and waste, which is the function of blood circulation system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood; Arteries and veins carry blood; It is capillaries that are responsible for transporting nutrients and wastes to cells. Procyanidins can scavenge water-soluble and fat-soluble free radicals in cell membrane, thus inhibiting the process of releasing some enzymes to damage capillary wall. The nourishing effect of procyanidins can be observed in a short time. Professor HenriChoussat of Bordeaux University in France did an experiment. There are 47 subjects, aged from 37 to 85, each taking 100 mg anthocyanin. After 27 hours, it was found that the capillary resistance decreased by 40%. Diabetic retinopathy is a symptom of diabetes mellitus, which is caused by micro-bleeding of ocular capillaries and is a common cause of blindness in adults. France has allowed procyanidins to treat this disease for many years. This method significantly reduces the capillary bleeding of eyes and improves vision. Procyanidins are also used to prevent complications after cataract surgery in diabetic patients. During the period of 1998, experts chose many people without eye diseases and eye injuries to do experiments to see if proanthocyanidins can alleviate night blindness. Participants were divided into two groups, one was a driver who drove at night, and the other was a person who spent all day with the computer screen. After four weeks, their blindness tolerance was checked again, and 98% of the subjects improved. Procyanidins not only help to restore skin elasticity, but also help joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart) to maintain normal function. The vascular system is responsible for blood flow and delivers blood to all cells and tissues. Therefore, proanthocyanidins are the best cardioprotective agents found so far, no matter from the long-term or short-term effects. Procyanidins can also inhibit the production of histamine, thus reducing inflammation and helping arteries resist the influence of mutagenic factors leading to cardiovascular diseases. Although French people usually eat more high-fat foods than Americans, the proportion of French people who die of heart disease is much less than that of Americans. French people are famous for their love of drinking, and they usually drink when eating. The number of French drinkers suffering from coronary heart disease is also 30% to 40% lower than that of non-drinkers, because French red wine contains proanthocyanidins. Symptoms of varicose veins include pain, itching, burns and fatigue. Severe varicose veins can cause heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism and so on. Dr. Huck has done clinical research in Hamburg, Germany, and found that proanthocyanidins are beneficial to patients with varicose veins. Patients who participated in the trial were 1 10, of which 4 1 had calf spasm. Patients took 90 mg of anthocyanins orally every day, and 77% of the subjects improved significantly. In addition, 93% of patients with calf spasms have no symptoms. Proanthocyanidins that promote brain function can help improve memory and slow down the risk of aging and stroke. Even after stroke, proanthocyanidins can help improve memory and brain function, which has been proved by clinical research. For example, children with hyperthyroidism (or ADHD) are often treated with western medicine, which is called retilan. This western medicine has the side effect of hindering children's growth, and patients may become dependent. Once you stop taking it, the patient will have symptoms such as increased appetite, depression and drowsiness. Some reports show that it is both effective and safe to substitute procyanidins for retelline. Improving hypoxia refers to long-term hypoxia, which has irreparable harm to the body. Hypoxia in the elderly may cause mental and physical problems, such as Alzheimer's disease. Older people often have poor blood circulation. Procyanidins have been extracted from ... >>
What health care function does proanthocyanidins have?
Blood circulation:
In Europe, in order to improve blood circulation, treat diabetic retinopathy, relieve edema and inhibit varicose veins, anthocyanins have been used in clinical treatment for decades. Anthocyanin can strengthen capillaries, arteries and veins, so it has the effect of reducing swelling and removing blood stasis. Capillary resistance is reduced, permeability is improved, and cells can absorb nutrients more easily and eliminate waste. Transport nutrients and waste, which is the function of blood circulation system. The heart is responsible for pumping blood; Arteries and veins carry blood; It is capillaries that are responsible for transporting nutrients and wastes to cells. Anthocyanin can scavenge water-soluble and fat-soluble free radicals in cell membrane, thus inhibiting the process of releasing some enzymes to damage capillary wall.
The nourishing effect of anthocyanins can be observed in a short time. Professor HenriChoussat of Bordeaux University in France did an experiment. There are 47 subjects, aged from 37 to 85, each taking 100 mg anthocyanin. After 27 hours, it was found that the capillary resistance decreased by 40%.
Anthocyanin-the Protector of Vision
Diabetic retinopathy is a symptom of diabetes mellitus, which is caused by micro-bleeding of ocular capillaries and is a common cause of blindness in adults. France has allowed anthocyanins to treat this disease for many years. This method significantly reduces the capillary bleeding of eyes and improves vision. Anthocyanins are also used to prevent complications after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.
During the period of 1998, experts chose many people without eye diseases to do experiments to see if anthocyanins can alleviate night blindness. Participants were divided into two groups, one was a driver who drove at night, and the other was a person who spent all day with the computer screen. After four weeks, their blindness tolerance was checked again, and 98% of the subjects improved.
water swelling
Edema is caused by the infiltration of water and electrolytes in the blood into human tissues, usually swelling of the injured part. Healthy people will get edema after sitting for too long, women will get edema before menstruation, sports injuries often cause edema, some may get edema after surgery, and some diseases will also cause edema.
Studies have shown that taking anthocyanins once a day can obviously relieve edema. A clinical trial was conducted in Bordeaux University, France, and 40 patients with edematous diseases with an average age of 60 years were studied. Participants were divided into two groups. The patients took 300 mg anthocyanin every day for 60 days, and all the patients' symptoms were relieved. After 30 days, the swelling disappeared in 26% patients. After 60 days, 63% of the subjects recovered from leg edema.
Beautiful skin
Europeans call anthocyanins youth nutrition, skin vitamins and oral cosmetics. Because it can restore the vitality of collagen and make the skin smooth and elastic. Collagen is the basic component of the skin. It is a gelatinous substance that makes our body a whole. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for biochemical synthesis of collagen. Anthocyanins make more vitamin C effective, which means that vitamin C can perform all its functions (including collagen production) more easily. Anthocyanins are attached to collagen, which can prevent the damage of enzymes that destroy collagen. Anthocyanin not only helps collagen fibers to form cross-linked structure, but also helps to repair damage and damage caused by free radicals. Excessive crosslinking will suffocate and harden connective tissue, which will cause skin wrinkles and premature aging. Anthocyanins can also protect the human body from the sun and promote the cure of psoriasis and longevity spots. Anthocyanin is also an excellent additive for external skin cream.
cholesterol
Cholesterol is the basic component of cell membrane, which plays a key role in producing hormones and promoting fatty acid transport. However, too much cholesterol is a potentially bad omen. Anthocyanin combined with vitamin C can decompose cholesterol into bile salts and excrete them. Anthocyanins accelerate the decomposition and elimination of harmful cholesterol. Here, the synergistic relationship between vitamin C and anthocyanins has been confirmed again.
Cardioprotective agent
Anthocyanins not only help to restore skin elasticity, but also help joints, arteries and other tissues (such as the heart) to maintain normal function. The vascular system is responsible for blood flow and delivers blood to all cells and tissues. Therefore, anthocyanin is the best cardioprotective agent found so far, regardless of long-term or short-term effects. Anthocyanins can also inhibit the production of histamine, thus reducing inflammation and helping arteries resist the influence of mutagenic factors that cause cardiovascular diseases.
Although the French usually eat a lot more high-fat foods than Americans, the proportion of French people who die of heart disease is much less than that of Americans, and France ...
What's the difference between proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins?
Procyanidins (grape seed extract) is a new type of high-efficiency antioxidant, the strongest free radical scavenger found so far, and has very strong in vivo activity. Experiments show that the anti-free radical oxidation ability of OPC is 50 times that of vitamin E and 20 times that of vitamin C, and it is absorbed quickly and thoroughly. The highest plasma concentration can be reached in 20 minutes after oral administration, and the metabolic half-life can reach 7 hours.
Anthocyanin is a water-soluble pigment, which can change color with the pH of cell fluid. Cell sap is red when it is acidic and blue when it is alkaline. Anthocyanin is one of the main pigments that constitute the color of petals and fruits. Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite of plants and plays an important role in physiology. The color of petals and fruits can attract animals to pollinate and spread seeds (Stintzinand and Carle, 2004). Common in tissues of flowers and fruits, epidermal cells and lower epidermis of stems and leaves. The market price of some fruits is determined by the depth of color, and there are also purple vegetables.