Thus, the important position of grain and grass in a war, "Nanpi County Records? According to local customs? Is it recorded in a ballad? The soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass went first. Apologize every year and guard against thieves every night. ? The ancients knew this well, and all dynasties valued grain and grass. After Zhu Yuanzhang laid the foundation of the country, he made Li Shanchang as the logistics support, and made a great contribution to the country, Liu Bangjian Han. First, he took Xiao He, who solved the worries at home, as the first hero.
If there is no food and grass, no matter how clever the strategy and unexpected tactics are, it is difficult to win. So what? The soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass go first? One of them? Food and grass? What the hell does that mean? What position did it occupy in ancient wars? Explain it in detail below.
First, the soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass went first.
What is the grain and grass in each historical period? Since ancient times, all feudal dynasties with agricultural development as the core have met? People eat for the sky? As a standard, then in the face? Soldiers, national affairs, must be observed? What kind of "food" do we use as armaments? In fact, the supply of grain and grass needed for marching and fighting in different historical periods is different, which is determined by the economic situation at that time.
In ancient times, fighting belonged to the frontal battlefield of cold weapons, and the number of large-scale fighters could reach more than 100 thousand, plus an amazing number of war horses. In the face of such a huge team, the problem of grain and grass is very critical. A slight mistake will affect morale and eventually lead to the failure of the campaign.
We can be sure that the grain and grass conditions in ancient times can't be compared with those in modern times, but the so-called? Xiaomi and rifle? Among them, Xiaomi has existed as a marching commissary for thousands of years. In ancient China, people lived in the Yellow River Valley, where the climate was suitable, the soil conditions adapted to the growth of millet crops, and the yield of millet could be guaranteed.
Xiaomi? Sit firmly in front of the marching grain and grass. Of course, a very important reason is that the shelf life of millet is longer than other crops. If the war lasts for three to five years, this kind of rations can also meet the demand for armaments.
However, the main rations of each dynasty were different. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many wars and disputes, and the choice of commissary was very limited. Xiaomi (also called Xiaomi) has become the main canteen. According to historical records, the storage time of millet at that time could reach ten years, which was more than twice that of ordinary rice. Xiaomi is very suitable as military food for troops fighting in the frontier for a long time.
It was not until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty that rations broke the pattern of single millet. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three countries were divided. The army represented by Cao Cao and Yuan Shao mainly used millet and wheat as military food, and Sun Quan of Jiangdong used rice as military food. We can see that different regions have different weapons and equipment crops. Of course, if you go out to March and the rear supply is insufficient, you must find a way to solve it yourself.
During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, when the army's rations were unsustainable, he had to cut thousands of acres of wheat fields in Wei State and make wheat into steamed bread as rations. It was later rumored that steamed bread was created by Zhuge Liang. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were more and more kinds of rations, and sesame cakes became popular in the army. Before the Song Dynasty, there were special places to make dry food, such as biscuits and other rations.
In marching and fighting, besides the food for soldiers, the food for military horses is also a big problem. Maybe you think a horse can eat as long as it eats grass, but a war horse needs to be built? Maxima? There is no room for any mistakes on the battlefield. Horses need some explosive power and strong endurance. Eating grass alone is not enough.
Hanshu? There is a written record of Xiongnu growing grain in the biography of Xiongnu: After months of rain and snow, livestock will die, people will be infected, crops will be unfamiliar, and fear will be enough, so a shrine room was set up for the Second Division. ?
In ancient times, war horses ate the same rations as people, and even a military horse ate several times as much as a person. As early as the Han dynasty, the military horses had already eaten millet. Of course, war horses can't eat these flour and rice all the time. War horses will eat some grass, but not ordinary grass, but some mixed forage. Usually, hay, oats and black beans are mixed together for war horses to eat. Even the Gobi desert outside the Great Wall will grow some food.
The importance of possessing grain and grass was mentioned by Lin Zhancai in The Expedition of the Forest. The soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass went first. This is an old fighting rule since ancient times. If you are short of food, how can you explore? ?
This is the case. There is almost no possibility of victory in a war without food and grass. In the famous battle of Changping in history, most of us attributed the defeat to Zhao Kuo? Theoretically? In fact, however, Zhao's basic supplies were the main reason for the defeat. In the early stage of the campaign, when the king of Zhao replaced Lian Po, the general of the main force, he realized that it was impossible to win by delaying tactics for a long time and advocated? Do it quickly? Zhao Kuo is more suitable for the leader. Later, the defeat was also due to Zhao's loss of grain and grass, and the morale of the army was low.
Commonly used in ancient wars? The siege tactics are also aimed at? Food and grass? Most besieged cities will surrender for lack of food. Such a reason? Food and grass? There are countless battles that directly lead to the success or failure of the war. The famous battle of Yiling made Shu kingdom? Home? In the middle, it took Zhuge Liang five years to turn the tide. The battle of Guandu, where Cao Cao made his fortune, was because Cao Cao burned the grain and grass Yuan Shao had hoarded in the Wu Dynasty, thus establishing his position as the overlord in the north.
Second, as an ancient war? Military power? Logistics support based on
Food and grass first? It has absolute strategic significance in ancient wars, and grain and grass supply is the most important central link in logistics support. ? Xiaomi? For thousands of years, it has been the main military supply station. Even if pancakes and steamed bread were added to the commissary in the later period, the main commissary was still? Xiaomi? . There are two main factors for Xiaomi to become the main force of ancient rations. First, this crop was planted on a large scale in the ancient Central Plains, and the yield was very considerable, which was suitable for large-scale distribution. Second, ancient wars lasted for a long time and had a long front. Coupled with the inconvenient transportation at that time, it took one and a half years to March on the road and three to five years to actually fight. Therefore, rations must have a long shelf life to ensure operational needs.
War horses are also eaten in most cases? Vegetables, more to eat? Grass? In order to make horses strong on the battlefield, grass? Generally, it is a mixture of various forage materials, and some legumes are added. What do modern animals eat? Mixed feed? .
Except for the main one, of course? Food and grass? Logistics support, logistics and military supplies in the war? Water? This is also an important aspect of logistics. Ancient frontier wars are common, and even 70% of the wars in ancient China belonged to frontier wars. Then there is an important problem at this time. How do soldiers solve the drinking water problem in places like Gobi and desert? Wise ancestors did it ahead of time? Dig a well before the soldiers and horses move? In this way, most of the water problems have been solved.
In addition, the ancestors used wisdom to solve an important purpose? Salt? Question, what did they do? Vinegar cloth? That is, a munitions soaked in salt or vinegar for a long time has become an effective way to preserve salt and vinegar in ancient times, adding a touch of flavor to soldiers' dry food. When in use, just cut some cloth and put it in a pot to cook, which perfectly solves the transportation problem of salt and vinegar.
Three? Food and grass? Transportation and preservation
Sun Tzu's art of war has a cloud. Every time we recruit a soldier, we have to follow the Wan Li Road, sacrificing the people and the public, and it costs thousands of dollars every day. ?
The logistics support in ancient times can't be compared with that in modern times, and all the famous soldiers in the past dynasties paid great attention to grain and grass. Therefore, the preservation of grain and grass has to be paid attention to. How did backward technology store food in ancient times? ? Ming Xiu plank road dark Chen Cang? Everyone must be familiar with this word, which hides the secret of storing food.
In fact, as early as the Zhou dynasty, the ancients began to study these, when most of the grain and grass were stored in? National highway? In the next grain depot, in case of war, like? Fire and smoke? Generally speaking, news will be conveyed quickly, and food and grass will be collected quickly for war. In addition, when grain and grass are transported to the front of the war, people are usually sent out to inquire about the situation in advance, otherwise it is very likely that the enemy will come to rob the materials when the grain transport army is unknown.
Of course, there is also an important grain and grass transportation channel, that is? Grain transportation? . ? Grain transportation? It only appeared in the later period, but once it was born, it played an absolutely important role in transporting goods. ? The country is poor in teachers, those who stay away from teachers will lose, and those who lose far will be poor in the people? Therefore, reclaiming farmland in border areas has become an important method to solve the problem of grain and grass, which not only eliminates the trouble of transportation, but also stabilizes the source of military food. As the old saying goes, eating goods, the days of the people, the days of the army? Therefore, the transportation of grain and grass is very important. There is such a record in yuan dynasty history. Within a hundred miles, it can support 20 thousand people, and the grain ship needs more than 3 thousand people? . It can be seen that grain transportation is indeed a key link, as the saying goes? The way to pay is a question of winning or losing? .