Inositol is widely distributed in animals and plants and is the growth factor of animals and microorganisms. It was originally isolated from myocardium and liver. There are many cis-trans isomers of cyclohexanol in nature, and the naturally occurring isomers are cis-1, 2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanol.
Inositol obtained from water or acetic acid above 80℃ is white crystal with melting point of 253℃, density of 65438 0.752g/cm3 (65438 05℃), sweet taste, soluble in water and acetic acid and no optical rotation. Can be extracted from corn soaking solution. Mainly used for treating liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty liver, hypercholesterolemia, etc.
Inositol is a substance widely found in food, and its structure is similar to that of glucose. Pure inositol is a stable white crystal, which is soluble in water, sweet in taste, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and heat-resistant. In animal cells, it mainly appears in the form of phospholipids, sometimes called inositol phospholipids. In cereals, phytic acid often combines with phosphoric acid to form hexaphosphate, and phytic acid can combine with calcium, iron and zinc to form insoluble compounds, which interferes with the absorption of these compounds by human body. But inositol in soybean is free.
Inositol is widely distributed in animals and plants and is the growth factor of animals and microorganisms.
Mbth: Basic introduction of inositol dosage forms: non-preparations: API drug types: distribution function, function, deficiency, intake source, enemies of inositol, taking advice, preparations, traditional production methods, sodium phytate hydrolysis, atmospheric catalysis, Japanese patent technology, chemical synthesis method, application, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, feed industry, and other aspects. The distribution function inositol is chemical. Theoretically, there are nine possible isomers, four of which are usually found in nature, and they are called D- chiral inositol, L- chiral inositol, inositol and shark inositol. Among them, inositol is the most common in nature. Although the amount of D- inositol and L- inositol is small, they are widely distributed, and most of them can be turned into methyl ether. Inositol exists in the urine of coconuts, sharks and mammals. Generally speaking, inositol is widely distributed, but its metabolic pathway or physiological function is not very clear. Almost all living things contain inositol in free or bound state. Inositol hexaphosphate exists as hexaphosphate in nucleated red blood cells of plants and birds. Compounds with less phosphate groups are also distributed in plants and animals. In addition, free inositol mainly exists in muscle, heart, lung and liver, and is a component of phosphatidylinositol in phospholipids. Inositol is an essential nutrient source for birds and mammals. For example, lack of inositol can lead to hair loss in mice and abnormal eyes in rats. Rats can metabolize inositol in large quantities, but their urine output is not much. Sharks seem to be able to convert inositol into energy storage substances. It is one of the components of life element I. Function lowers cholesterol; Promote the growth of healthy hair and prevent hair loss; Prevent eczema; Help the redistribution of body fat (redistribution); It has a calming effect. Inositol and bile components combine to form vitellogenin. Inositol plays an important role in providing nutrition for brain cells. It can metabolize fat and cholesterol, reduce cholesterol and help prevent arteriosclerosis. Helps to remove fat from the liver. Promote the growth of healthy hair, prevent alopecia, prevent eczema deficiency eczema, and make hair tend to turn white. Eat foods rich in inositol: animal liver, beer yeast, Lima beans, bovine brain and heart, American melon, grapefruit, raisins, malt, unrefined molasses, peanuts, cabbage and whole wheat grains. Nutritional supplement: six lecithin fat capsules with soybean as the main component, containing inositol and choline 244mg each; Powdered lecithin can be dissolved in liquid; Most vitamin B complex preparations contain 100 mg of inositol and choline. Generally, the daily intake is 250~500mg. Inositol, sulfanilamide, estrogen, food processing, alcohol, coffee, sunlight, high-temperature boiling, sleeping pills, aspirin enemies. When taking the recommended inositol, it must be taken together with choline and other B vitamins. People who drink coffee regularly should eat more inositol. People who take lecithin should take chelated calcium to maintain the balance of phosphorus and calcium in the body, because inositol and choline seem to increase the phosphorus content in the blood. In order to achieve the highest effect of vitamin E, we must take enough inositol and choline. The traditional production method for prepare inositol is pressure hydrolysis. Due to years of practical experience in industrial production, pressure hydrolysis is the main technology adopted by domestic manufacturers, and it is constantly improved in production. The general process of pressure hydrolysis method: calcium phytate (hydrolysis) → hydrolysate (neutralization and filtration) → inositol solution (impurity removal and concentration, crystallization and centrifugation) → crude inositol (dissolution and impurity removal, crystallization and centrifugation) → fine product. Among them, hydrolysis and refining are two key steps. Hydrolysis of sodium phytate Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology has developed a new process of producing sodium phytate from corn soaking water by ion exchange resin adsorption, and then producing inositol by pressure hydrolysis. While producing inositol, the new process also co-produces disodium hydrogen phosphate (the output of disodium hydrogen phosphate is about 12 times that of inositol), which effectively recovers the organophosphorus in grain and opens up a new way for the recovery of organophosphorus in agricultural and sideline products. Brief description of production technology: corn soaking water is adsorbed by ion exchange resin to obtain a certain concentration of sodium phytate solution, which is hydrolyzed under pressure to produce inositol and disodium hydrogen phosphate. After reacting for a certain time, discharging, filtering, cooling and crystallizing to separate out disodium hydrogen phosphate crystals. The hydrolysis reaction solution of the separated disodium hydrogen phosphate crystal passes through anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin in turn, and is repeatedly refined until the concentration of anion and cation in the hydrolysis reaction solution reaches the specified standard. The refined hydrolysis reaction solution is concentrated and crystallized to obtain the finished inositol. The yield of inositol is mainly affected by three factors: hydrolysis reaction time, hydrolysis reaction pressure and sodium phytate solution concentration. Through orthogonal experiment, the optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: hydrolysis time 7 ~ 8h, sodium phytate concentration 20%, hydrolysis pressure 65438±0.5 MPa, and average yield of inositol 0.65438 0.544%-0.65438 0.722%. In order to observe the amplification effect of hydrolysis reactor, the bed blockage of industrial ion exchange tower, the change of exchange capacity and simulate the large cycle operation conditions adopted in the regeneration stage of industrial equipment, a pilot plant with a treatment capacity of 600m/a was carried out according to the above reaction conditions. The average yield of inositol was 0. 160 1% (more than 2.5 times higher than that of calcium phytate method, and the product quality reached all the indexes stipulated in the national pharmacopoeia), which was in good agreement with the data of small experiments. Atmospheric pressure catalytic method Atmospheric pressure catalytic method is a new method for inositol production which has been newly developed and put into industrial production in China in recent years. Its hydrolysis and purification are unique. Remarkable features: (1) greatly reduces the one-time investment of equipment, and can save more than 50% of equipment investment at the same scale; (2) The use of phytin hydrolysis catalyst shortens the production cycle and improves the utilization rate of raw materials; (3) Improve the refining process to improve the product quality and yield. Atmospheric pressure catalytic process developed by Changchun Tongda Light Industry Technology Research Institute: Under atmospheric pressure, a certain proportion of catalyst (composed of glycerol, urea and calcium carbonate) is added to a certain concentration of phytin solution, and then the inositol can be obtained by heating for hydrolysis, hydrolysis, filtration, crystallization and drying. Due to the characteristics of the catalyst itself, inositol can be crystallized at one time to obtain high-quality finished products, which simplifies the process. The catalyst can be recycled. Key steps: (1) In the hydrolysis reaction, the catalyst and 40% phytin aqueous solution are evenly mixed according to the ratio of 1: 5.5 (wt), put into a hydrolysis kettle, raise the temperature to 140℃, and control the constant temperature for 3h to complete the hydrolysis reaction. (2) Drying: washing the crystals separated by filtration and crystallization (which can be accelerated by ultrasonic wave) with anhydrous ethanol for 2-3 times, and drying at 90℃ for 50 minutes to obtain inositol finished products. The product quality conforms to the United States Pharmacopoeia standard. The production process of Japanese patent technology is as follows: defatted rice bran → soaking in dilute acid → resin adsorption → elution → water paste of high-quality phytin → hydrolysis → neutralization → filter pressing (filter residue can be sold as phosphate fertilizer) → preliminary decolorization → resin exchange → concentration → final decolorization → crystallization → drying → inspection → packaging. The bran residue soaked in defatted rice bran can be sold to farms or feed mills after simple treatment to neutral drying, and part of the raw material cost can be recovered. This process is a set of industrialized production technology developed by domestic scientific research and designers combined with Japanese patent technology. According to the technical developer, compared with the traditional old process, it has the following characteristics: (1) the production cycle is greatly shortened, and the cycle for preparing water-paste quality calcium phytate is less than 24 hours; Inositol is prepared from calcium magnesium phytate for about 60 hours. (2) The process is simplified, the number of workers is small, the production cost is reduced, the yield of inositol is high, and the working environment is improved. The product does not go through the rough stage, and it is a fine product. After inspection by relevant units at home and abroad, the quality of the product reaches the export standard (USP standard). Factory conditions: equipment investment of 700,000 yuan; Workshop covers an area of 600m (workshop 400m, warehouse 200 m); Daily water consumption is 84t and electricity is 250kWh；; Installed capacity of 50kW；; 50 management and production personnel; Working capital is 500,000 yuan. The new chemical synthesis process completely deviates from the traditional mode of inositol production: rice bran, bran, corn soaking waste liquid and so on. (after acid leaching) → phytic acid or calcium phytate, sodium phytate (pressure hydrolysis) → inositol. Instead, the rich and cheap D (+) glucose in China was successfully used as raw material, and the important intermediate 6- nitro -6- deoxy -D- glucose was generated by deoxygenation and nitration. Cyclization and hydrolysis of 6- nitro -6- deoxy -D- glucose in alkaline solution: realizing the transformation of molecular structure of raw materials from sulfonation to hydroxylation; At the same time, the configuration is transformed to produce inositol. The above-mentioned main synthetic reactions are all carried out under normal pressure. The production practice shows that the average inositol can be produced per ton of glucose (calculated by 100%) by about 0.6t, and the quality of the product conforms to the indexes specified in the American Pharmacopoeia (NFXⅱ Ⅱ edition). The structural analysis and physiological activity of the product are also consistent with the natural extract. According to the technical development unit, this new technology has the following characteristics: (1) small investment and quick effect. The annual output of inositol is 100t, and the investment in production equipment is about 600,000 yuan. If the old factory building is rebuilt, it can be put into production in about three months. Devices with an annual output of 50t and 30t can also be designed, and the equipment investment is 400,000 yuan and 300,000 yuan respectively. (2) low production cost and high benefit. (3) It is easy to operate and control, and has no three wastes pollution and no adverse impact on the environment. (4) No high-temperature and high-pressure equipment is needed. Normal pressure operation, using water as solvent, safe production and easy management. The disclosure specification of the invention patent application with publication number of CN 136767A also reports the method of producing inositol with glucose as raw material: taking glucose as raw material, adding ethanol and boric acid into a reaction kettle for complexing reaction, and recovering ethanol after the complexing reaction; Feeding the complexed stock solution into a reaction kettle in which sodium nitrite and glacial acetic acid have been added for oxidation, then performing ring-opening and ring-closing treatment, hydrolyzing and neutralizing, and then adding copper sulfate for precipitation and acidification and neutralization; After the filtrate is filtered by a filter (filter residue is used as fertilizer), it enters a crystallization kettle for concentration and crystallization; Finally, the finished product is obtained by removing impurities with distilled water, decoloring with activated carbon, secondary concentration and crystallization, dehydration and separation (recovery of mother liquor), drying and crushing. Creatine applied in pharmaceutical industry can be used to produce inositol tablets, inositol nicotinate, maitong and triglyceride, and treat hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, fatty liver and hypercholesterolemia in blood. Inositol nicotinate takes nicotinic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and inositol as raw materials. Nicotinic acid reacts with phosphorus hydroxide to obtain nicotinic acid acyl chloride, and then reacts with inositol to obtain the finished product. Fluorinated inositol is a newly developed new product, which has anti-cancer, cancer treatment and high immune function. Chemically synthesized paclitaxel has a poor effect on cancer treatment; But after inositol modification, its cancer treatment effect is better than that of natural products. Paclitaxel has been in short supply at home and abroad. This has become a new consumption point of inositol in the pharmaceutical industry today. Inositol is a kind of "biological activity" in the field of food industry, which participates in metabolic activities in vivo and has many functions such as immunity, prevention and treatment of certain diseases. In fermentation and food industry, it can be used to cultivate a variety of strains and promote the growth of yeast. If higher animals lack inositol, growth stagnation and hair loss will occur. The daily demand for inositol is L-2g, and a small amount of inositol is added to many health drinks and children's food. Inositol is also a growth factor of some microorganisms in the intestine. When other vitamins are deficient, it can stimulate vitamin-deficient microorganisms to synthesize vitamins. Inositol should be supplemented in the feed of fish and aquatic animals, rare birds, fur animals, ornamental cats, dogs and other rare animals in feed industry. In shrimp and fish feed, the addition of inositol is usually 300-500 mg/kg, and the addition of grouper and salmon feed recommended by Roche Pharmaceuticals of Switzerland is 65438+300-500 mg/kg, and that of eel and carp is 150 mg/kg, otherwise inositol deficiency will occur. Practice has proved that adding inositol to feed can promote the growth of livestock and prevent death, and its addition amount is usually 0.2%-0.5% of feed. The annual consumption of inositol for animals in Japan is above100t. In other aspects, inositol can be made into inositol methyl ether, inositol peptide, inositol organic acid ester, inositol inorganic acid ester, halogenated inositol, inositol phosphate ester, amino cyclic sugar alcohol and other products through deep processing, which has great practical value in medicine, electric power, transportation, energy, electronics, chemical industry and other industries. Since1990s, it has been found that inositol and sarcosine can convert fat into heat energy and consume it. Therefore, slimming and lipid-lowering bodybuilding foods and nutritional health products containing inositol are very popular in Europe and America.