Currently, there are two mainstream designs of electric batteries. One is Tesla, which uses ternary lithium batteries + a high-intelligence battery management system to give full play to the high energy density advantages of ternary lithium batteries. The other is a very large number of cars that use lithium iron phosphate batteries + simple battery management systems compared to the same period last year, taking full advantage of the advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries in terms of battery life. So among these electric vehicle batteries, which one is better? Today, Editor Che will give you a brief introduction. For reference only!
Car batteries: Which one is better?
I think batteries suitable for electric vehicles should have the following characteristics: safety, large charge and discharge current, slow capacity decay, and high energy density.
Both types of batteries can be roughly evaluated by the scores on these four items.
Car battery: lithium iron phosphate
The biggest disadvantage is its low energy density (110WH/Kg) and huge capacity attenuation at low temperatures (the capacity at -10°C is 25 About 55% at ℃). The advantages are also quite obvious, especially for Chinese car companies. China has abundant lithium reserves. As of 2001, the world's proven reserves were 13 million tons, and China's reserves were 3.5 million tons. The cathode material iron oxide phosphate has abundant reserves, and the price remains high after mass production. However, China is extremely short of cobalt mines. Congo accounts for half of the global reserves, Australia accounts for 21%, and China only accounts for 1%. Using lithium cobalt oxide or cobalt-containing ternary batteries, the cost of Chinese automobile companies producing electric vehicles is very passive.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries can be discharged by gently lifting them at 20°C, so hybrid vehicles equipped with small batteries are beginning to consider lithium iron phosphate batteries. Under 0%-100% cycles, the capacity decays to 80% after 3,000 times. The decay rate of long-term full power storage is not necessarily exaggerated. It will basically not explode or burn under puncture, short circuit or high temperature of 350℃. These advantages make it impossible for Chinese automobile companies, especially those with R&D and lithium iron phosphate production, to choose other types of batteries.
Car battery: ternary lithium battery + excellent battery management system will win.
Sometimes a good product does not necessarily have to sell well. Personally, I am more optimistic about the battery technology led by Tesla: battery management is the core. After watching Musk’s interview, I know that Tesla’s top-level goal in developing electric vehicles is to use clean energy to reduce carbon emissions and achieve profitability. After the patent is opened, the threshold for this solution will be lowered, and more manufacturers will follow suit. The more manufacturers participating, the happier Tesla will be, which is consistent with their purpose.
I often hear that domestic electric vehicles "overtake in corners." . It is a comprehensive automobile industry, including machinery, electronics, automation, materials, basic science, management, finance, law, education, medical care, etc. Together they constitute the overall level of the automobile industry, and can even be said to be the epitome of the country's comprehensive strength. China's current situation is that it lags behind developed countries by a large margin, and the automobile industry is bound to lag behind developed countries by a large margin. With the advantages of certain components and the operational advantages of certain companies, the gap with other companies can only be narrowed, but far from being surpassed. Of course, I look forward to seeing overtaking in my lifetime, which requires efforts from us and the next generation.
As long as Tesla does not get involved in the research and development of lithium iron phosphate electric vehicles, I believe that in the long run, the solution of using an excellent battery management system + ternary lithium battery will go further and surpass the power of iron phosphate. Lithium applications.
Car batteries: In 20 years, electricity must replace fuel.
Compared with internal combustion locomotives, no matter which type of battery above is basically extremely inconvenient, there are still some immature batteries. Tesla, for example, is working hard to develop aluminum-air gas battery vehicles. Since 1970, half of the world's 2 trillion barrels of easily extracted crude oil have been used up. It is not a dream to use up the remaining 1 trillion barrels within 25 years. If China Petroleum Technology Co., Ltd. cannot significantly reduce the cost of extraction within these 25 years, the price of crude oil per barrel will exceed US$500 or even US$1,000 in 25 years. By comparison, North Sea Brent crude oil fluctuated around $10 in 1998 and has fluctuated around $100 this year. When fuel vehicles drive at 5 yuan per kilometer in the future, whether it is a lithium battery vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle, functional solutions suitable for their own characteristics will basically be developed.
This ends the introduction to electric vehicle batteries.
Industry representatives said that with the acceleration of subsidies for electric vehicles, higher subsidies for fuel cell vehicles will gradually make up for the disadvantages of high prices in the past and encourage companies to increase investment in research and development of fuel cell vehicles. There will be more fuel cell vehicles. If you want to know more about new energy vehicles, please pay attention to this website!
One million car purchase subsidies