The Yangtze River Delta (hereinafter referred to as the "Yangtze River Delta") includes Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong and Taizhou in Jiangsu Province, and Hangzhou, Ningbo, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Zhoushan and Taizhou in Zhejiang Province, with a land area of 16544. The cities in the region have close economic and social ties and mixed cultures, which have the historical origin and solid foundation of regional integration development. It is one of the regions with the most developed economy, the densest population and industry and the most dynamic development in China. It is growing into a world-class urban agglomeration with important international influence, and plays a decisive role in the economic and social development of China.
In order to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, take the lead in building a resource-saving and environment-friendly socialist harmonious society in the Yangtze River Delta, and continuously improve the innovation ability and international competitiveness of the Yangtze River Delta and even the whole country, the National Development and Reform Commission organized relevant parties to jointly compile the Yangtze River Delta Regional Plan (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) according to the overall arrangement for the compilation of the 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development. Planning, as an inter-provincial regional development plan, is an important part of the 11th Five-Year Plan, a program for coordinated regional development in the Yangtze River Delta region in the next five years or even longer, and an important basis for the compilation and revision of various overall development plans for cities in the region, and the preparation of special plans and related policies by relevant state departments.
Planning adheres to limited objectives, highlights key points, and pays attention to the combination of guidance, binding and operability. Starting from the long-term and overall situation, scientifically and reasonably determine the functional orientation, development goals and overall layout framework of regional development, clarify the functional division of labor among cities in the region, coordinate the relationship between regional development and population growth, resource utilization and environmental protection, and focus on coordinating and solving major problems that are of common concern to all regions in the region and are difficult for any party to solve alone.
The basic planning period is five years (2006-20 10), and the major issues are expected in 2020.
Chapter I Development Basis
The first section development conditions
The Yangtze River Delta has a unique location, superior natural endowment, convenient transportation and strong economic, technological and educational strength. It is one of the regions with the best development conditions and the highest development level in China, and has favorable conditions for accelerating development.
Superior location conditions. Located in the middle of the Asia-Pacific Economic Zone and the west coast of the western Pacific, at the crossroads of the western Pacific route, it has the superior conditions to become an important gateway to Northeast Asia; Located at the junction of the eastern coastal area of China and the Yangtze River Basin, it has a dense land transportation network connecting the north and the south and radiating the central and western regions, and a modern river and sea group, which has a central transportation position and a broad economic hinterland and plays an important role in promoting the development of the Yangtze River Basin and even the whole country.
Excellent talent. Located in the subtropical humid area of eastern China, it has four distinct seasons, developed water system and abundant fresh water resources. The average annual rainfall is 1000 ~ 1465 mm, and the total water resources exceed1000 billion m3, accounting for about 2/5 of the total surface water resources in China. Flat terrain, plain area accounts for about 70% of the whole region, fertile soil, good combination of water, soil and gas resources, large environmental capacity and strong development suitability.
Strong economic foundation. It is the birthplace of China's taxation, modern national industries and modern township enterprises since ancient times, and its development level has always been ahead of the whole country. In 2005, the total GDP was about 3,390 billion yuan, accounting for 18.6% of the whole country, and the per capita GDP calculated by the resident population was 34,950 yuan, which was 2.5 times of the national average. With a good agricultural foundation, suitable manufacturing industry, fully developed service industry, developed heavy chemical industry, high-tech industry and processing manufacturing industry, and mixed state-owned, private and foreign capital, China is the economic zone with the strongest comprehensive strength.
Culture and science education are developed. It has a long history of development and a high degree of openness. wuyue and Weiyang have profound cultural heritage, Shanghai-style culture integrates East and West, and people gather together to develop science and education. It has concentrated 24% of "21/engineering" universities, 20.2% of scientific and technical personnel with intermediate titles and above, and 1/4 of patent applications and authorizations, and has Shanghai, Nanjing and Nanjing.
The urban system is complete. With dense towns and complete urban hierarchy, Shanghai has a clear core position as an international metropolis. Megacities such as Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and Ningbo occupy an important position in the region and even the whole country, and a number of small and medium-sized cities with their own characteristics have strong development vitality. In 2005, the level of regional urbanization reached 60%, which has the foundation of becoming one of the world urban systems.
Social and economic ties are close. People in the region love each other, have similar cultures, are in economic harmony and have close exchanges. In recent years, two provinces, one city and sixteen cities have initially formed a mechanism of regular meetings between senior government officials and regular consultations at all levels. Enterprises, social intermediaries and non-governmental organizations cooperate in all directions. Shanghai proposes "serving the Yangtze River Delta" and Jiangsu and Zhejiang propose "connecting with Shanghai". A good atmosphere of regional development and coordinated development has been formed within the Yangtze River Delta.
Section II Outstanding Problems in Development
Compared with the development requirements of the Yangtze River Delta as a leading area of national modernization, a frontier area of internationalization and a pioneer area of scientific development, the system of regional functional division of labor is unclear, the overall growth mode is extensive, the bottleneck of resources and environment is prominent, and the innovation ability, opening level and coordination level need to be further improved.
The overall functional orientation and division of labor are not clear. The whole region lacks clear positioning and functional division of labor. Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang have similar urban development orientation, and their functions are unclear. There are low-level industries, low efficiency isomorphism and excessive competition. The disorder of space development and the unclear boundary between development and protection have affected the overall advantages of the region.
The bottleneck of resources and environment has become increasingly prominent. The overall development is extensive, the efficiency of resource utilization is not high, and the per capita cultivated land area is small, only 0.05 hectares, which greatly restricts the expansion of construction land; The energy consumption is large, and the water and atmospheric environment are seriously polluted. The annual industrial wastewater discharge accounts for more than 1/3 of the whole country, and the disaster risks such as floods and land subsidence are aggravated. The floating population living for more than half a year exceeds150,000, which further increases the bearing pressure of resources and environment.
The dominant position in global competition needs to be improved. The total amount of foreign capital introduced by manufacturing industry is large, and the share of capital entering the international market is low; The manufacturing industry has a large scale of production, but its independent innovation ability is relatively insufficient, and its industrial level and value-added ability are low. The output value of manufacturing industry only accounts for 2% of the global total, and R&D investment accounts for 1.3% of the regional GDP. Shanghai's function and status as a global city need to be improved, and the international business and cultural environment needs to be improved.
The coordination mechanism of regional cooperation is not sound enough. Major regional infrastructure lacks effective matching and connection with railway, water transport, aviation and other transportation facilities, and both waste of resources and shortage of facilities are equally important; The institutional environment for promoting the flow of factors and its unified market need to be further improved; There is a lack of convergence of regional policies, and a regional competition coordination mechanism dominated by markets and enterprises has not yet been established. Regional competition is greater than cooperation, which affects the promotion of overall competitiveness.
Chapter II Strategic Positioning and Development Goals
Section 1 Guiding ideology and principles
I. Guiding ideology
The development of the Yangtze River Delta should be guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, and the overall situation of economic and social development should be guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, so as to further emancipate the mind, renew ideas, deepen reform and expand opening up. Focus on improving the quality of development and take the lead in building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society; Strive to promote the process of regional integration and take the lead in improving the socialist market economic system; Efforts will be made to enhance the capability of independent innovation and international competitiveness, take the lead in integrating into the global economic system, become the first modern region with the strongest comprehensive strength, affluent people's lives and harmonious and stable society, and play an important role in promoting the rapid rise of the Yangtze River basin, enhancing the economic strength of the eastern region, accelerating the development of the central and western regions, promoting the coordinated development of the whole country, and leading China's economy to fully participate in global competition.
Second, the principle of development
We must maintain rapid and healthy economic and social development. We should firmly grasp and make good use of the important period of strategic opportunities at the beginning of this century, achieve scientific and harmonious development while insisting on taking the lead in development, strive to rise rapidly, catch up with the world's advanced urban agglomerations, and constantly enhance regional comprehensive strength and international competitiveness.
We must advocate resource conservation and environmental friendliness. We should stick to the road of new industrialization, actively seek ways to ease the bottleneck of land, energy, minerals and other resources, strengthen the construction of ecological environment, vigorously develop circular economy and accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode.
We must promote coordinated regional development. It is necessary to further break through administrative barriers, give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources and the macro-control role of the government, constantly improve the mechanism of regional coordination and division of labor, integrate the superior resources of various regions, form a joint force of regional development, and accelerate the process of regional integration.
We should strive for new advantages in independent innovation and development. We should make full use of the existing R&D science and education foundation, focus on scientific and technological innovation, take knowledge innovation as the foundation, take system innovation as the guarantee, and comprehensively enhance the independent innovation ability, so as to make it the strategic fulcrum of rejuvenating the region through science and education and strengthening the region with talents, and become the central link of transforming the growth mode and enhancing international competitiveness.
Section 2 Functional Positioning
According to the guiding ideology and development principles, fully considering the present situation, foundation and development trend of the Yangtze River Delta, the overall functional orientation of the Yangtze River Delta is: China's most comprehensive economic center, the world's important advanced manufacturing base, the Asia-Pacific region's important international gateway, and China's most internationally competitive world-class urban agglomeration.
China's most comprehensive economic center. Make use of global resources, rely on the existing development foundation, constantly expand the regional economic strength, build regional core competitiveness, and become the economic center with the strongest comprehensive strength and driving ability in China. Through the construction of Shanghai's four economic, financial, trade and shipping centers, as well as the extension of the manufacturing industry chain and the improvement of the service industry function, it will enhance its driving influence on other parts of the country and become the driving engine that radiates the Yangtze River basin and drives the national growth.
An important advanced manufacturing base in the world. Supported by strong educational and scientific research capabilities and a complete R&D system, we will build an important national technological innovation base, actively develop a relatively complete system of heavy chemical industry, processing manufacturing industry and high-tech manufacturing industry, upgrade the level and level of manufacturing industry, form a number of strategic industrial clusters with international competitiveness, and become one of the most important advanced manufacturing bases in the world.
An important international gateway in the Asia-Pacific region. Establishing a modern service system in line with international norms, building a Shanghai international shipping center and an Asia-Pacific aviation hub, and improving the ability of global resource utilization and allocation have become the most important window for China to participate in global cooperation and foreign exchanges, and also an important international gateway in the Asia-Pacific region.
China is the most internationally competitive world-class urban agglomeration. Further improve the urban hierarchy and scale structure, strive to build an urban system with reasonable division of labor and complete functions, and take the construction of Shanghai's international economy, finance, trade, shipping center and national innovation center as the leading factor to comprehensively strengthen the construction of urban internationalization environment, so as to make this area the most dynamic and internationally competitive world-class urban agglomeration in China.
By 2020, the status of the national economic center will be firmly established, and the overall level of economic development will reach the higher level of middle-income countries in the world at that time. Strive to form a development situation with clear division of labor, complete facilities, intensive space, resource conservation, environmental friendliness and regional harmony, and build a number of world-class urban agglomerations with international influence, strong innovation ability and strong development vitality.