Later, the Shanghai Branch and Lanzhou Branch of the Academy Library and more than 2 libraries were successively established. At that time, the relationship between the library and them was business leadership. Since 1956, many new scientific research institutions have been established, and the librarianship of the whole hospital has developed rapidly. The library of the whole hospital is divided into three levels, namely, the college library (also known as the general library), the branch library and the research institute library (including institutes, rooms, stations, teams, schools, etc.). The relationship between the academic library and the branch library and the research institute library is changed to the business guidance relationship. In the construction of branch libraries in Shanghai, Lanzhou, Wuhan and Chengdu and some research institutes' libraries, the academic library has done a lot of work in formulating policies, tasks, rules and regulations, collecting, exchanging, sorting and supplying books and periodicals, and cultivating cadres, which has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the library system of the whole hospital.
Tao Menghe has been working hard since he led the library work. He pointed out that there are two old roads in the past, representing two different types of libraries. One is the library, which was handed down from the feudal era; The other is the so-called new library, which is imported from foreign countries. But these old ways can't be taken, and a new one must be opened up. This is to run a library according to the needs and requirements of socialist revolution and socialist construction. He also pointed out that opening the door to run a library is the policy of running a socialist library well. Our library should be oriented to the vast number of scientific and technical personnel, workers and peasants intellectuals, so that everyone who needs our books can get them, and it is an active supply. Library staff should pretend to be people's servants; Actively, diligently, and do everything possible to serve readers. Generally speaking, college libraries can face the whole country, branch libraries can face the whole region, and readers inside and outside the college can be treated equally. Opening the door wider is only good, not bad. However, some measures should be taken to open the door, not only to maximize the effectiveness of books, but also to ensure that books are not lost. As for the libraries of various research institutes and laboratories, the main service targets are the research work of their own institutes and laboratories. The objects of opening to the outside world can only be research institutions and colleagues on the production front that are close in nature.
Tao Menghe's idea of running a library was confirmed at the library work conference of China Academy of Sciences held in September 1958.
Tao Menghe has always advocated that libraries should serve scientists. He published an article in People's Daily on July 22, 1956, entitled "Libraries should serve scientists". He pointed out: "The call of the party and the government to March into science has further aggravated the task of libraries to serve scientists. The library welcomes this glorious task, and should use all its strength to prepare sufficient scientific literature to meet the needs of scientific workers at any time. " "At present, important scientific books and periodicals published in the past in various countries in the world should be acquired as fully as possible for supply", and at the same time, "because of the continuous progress of science today and because we want to catch up with the international advanced scientific level, scientists especially need scientific books and periodicals published now, that is, books and magazines that are being published one after another today". In order to acquire all the past and current scientific books and periodicals, Tao Menghe proposed that "it should be developed in two aspects. On the one hand, two or three comprehensive science book centers should be set up throughout the country to acquire all kinds of scientific books and periodicals as much as possible. " "On the other hand, it is to develop professional libraries. Professional libraries specialize in the collection of books and periodicals within the professional scope, with fine selection and strict selection, so its collection is the most convenient and useful for certain scientific workers. " "There are two or three science library centers in China and professional libraries scattered around the country, such as research institutions, specialized colleges, professional departments, production departments, etc., to combine and work together to form a large library network for supplying scientific literature. This large library network will certainly play a huge role in China's scientific research work. " In August, 1957, the National Science and Technology Commission adopted these suggestions, set up a book group, and hired Tao Menghe as its leader. Then, the State Council promulgated the National Book Coordination Program, established the first and second central library committees in Beijing and Shanghai, and established local central library committees in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and did a lot of work, such as purchasing coordination, centralized cataloguing, compiling joint catalogs, and training library cadres, which played a great role in promoting the March to science and providing books and periodicals for scientists.
When Tao Menghe was in charge of the library of China Academy of Sciences, he actively advocated relying on scientists to run the library. He believes that "to run a library well, three conditions must be met: 1. Because leaders pay close attention to it and supervise its progress; 2, there are scientific and technological staff often give assistance; 3. The staff must have a certain level of science or culture and knowledge of foreign languages. " Therefore, three committees have been set up to hire scientists to help run the library.
First, the Book Committee of China Academy of Sciences was established. Its tasks are: (1) to specify the development direction of the library and assist the curator to solve the major problems of the library; (2) To guide the library how to cooperate with the scientific research work inside and outside the hospital; (3) Guide the library to purchase books; (4) Discuss the basic construction of the library. Members appointed successively include Qian Sanqiang, Ye Zhupei, Zhang Jingyue, Wang Ganchang, Fu Ying and Yan Jici.
Second, the "Book Selection Committee of the Library of China Academy of Sciences" was established, and experts were invited to participate in the work according to the fields of mathematics, mechanics (including automation), physics (including electronics), chemistry, biology, geoscience and technical science.
Thirdly, the Scientific Book Classification Committee of China Academy of Sciences was established to study and guide the compilation of the Library Classification of China Academy of Sciences. Among them: (including) (1) the guiding ideology of compiling book classification; (2) The architecture of book classification; (3) Drafting all kinds of details.
Practice has proved that these three committees have played an active role in the construction of the library of China Academy of Sciences.
scientific books and periodicals are indispensable information sources for scientific researchers. Therefore, Tao Menghe attaches great importance to the collection of books. He started from two aspects. On the one hand, he strictly grasped the principle of ordering books and periodicals: to buy them well and to be practical. Under the guidance of this principle, the purchasing staff of the college library broaden the sources of books and actively collect and supplement scientific and technological documents. In a few short years, the important scientific and technological documents published at home and abroad in the past ten years have been supplemented, and some documents needed for scientific research and production and construction, such as meeting minutes, scientific and technological reports, government publications, patent specifications and technical standards, have been collected and supplemented in large quantities during this period, thus changing the face of the original collection and providing sufficient "food and grass" for marching into science. At the same time, it also formed an important development period in the history of academic libraries.
On the other hand, Tao Menghe personally intervened and guided the international book exchange, aiming at publicizing the achievements of China's science and technology and introducing a large number of foreign scientific and technological information. In the exchange work, with rich international knowledge and management experience, he personally selected the exchange objects and the titles of books and periodicals to be exchanged between the academic institutions in Britain, the United States, Japan, Germany and France. He attaches great importance to the economic benefits of international book exchange. He divides publications into three types: advanced, intermediate and general, which are priced, and those without prices are evaluated according to the quality of books and periodicals. No matter which exchange method is adopted, the economic benefits of the exchange in that year should be calculated every year, and it is estimated how much foreign exchange is saved for the country in one year. At the same time, we also pay attention to the quality of the books and periodicals exchanged, instruct the exchanged books and periodicals to be exhibited, and ask scientists to identify them. Zhu Kezhen and Vice President Wu Youxun personally visited the exhibition and praised this work for its achievements.
in order to give full play to the role of the library, according to Tao Menghe's instructions, the academic library has compiled New Book Announcement, Index of Soviet Journals and Papers, Index of Natural Science Journals, General Table of Chemical Journals of the whole hospital, General Table of Russian Journals, Patent Express, Patent Literature Index and Scientific Literature Index, etc. The library of Wuhan Branch has compiled the Special Index of Chemical Papers, the library of Lanzhou Branch has compiled the Index of Reference Materials for Irrigation and Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, and the library of Nanjing Soil Institute has compiled the Index of Soil Papers. These bibliographies and indexes are warmly welcomed by scientific researchers.
Tao Menghe often educates librarians to do everything possible to serve readers and gradually improve their service quality. At the beginning of the establishment of the library, there were not many books, and the focus of the work was on supplementing books for each department. Due to the need of research work, the reading room was expanded in 1956, and the patent literature reading room and the reduced information reading room were added in 1957. In May 1958, the service station in the western suburbs was set up, and the Zhongguancun stacks were completed in October 1959, that is, the natural science service department was formally established, and the natural science books and periodicals in the city were moved in for the use of scientific researchers in Zhongguancun research institutes, and the utilization rate of books and periodicals was greatly improved. In that year, the number of books and periodicals lent reached 136,756 kinds and 276,19 copies, which was five times that of the whole year in 1956. In terms of service mode, besides borrowing books from the library, the college library also carried out projects such as borrowing books by letter, delivering books to the door, and handling interlibrary loan at home and abroad. In addition, attention has been paid to strengthening the work of books and periodicals reporting, readers' counseling and reference consultation, and new book exhibitions, special exhibitions, academic reports, special lectures, etc. have been held to publicize the collection of books and help readers master the methods of finding documents, which has been praised by researchers. The libraries of various research institutes have also made good achievements in reader service, generally implementing open-shelf lending, and many libraries have also carried out the work of searching, borrowing, copying and translating documents on behalf of researchers, which has largely met the requirements of using books. Tao Menghe felt very satisfied after seeing it.
As early as 1956, Tao Menghe called for: "In order to widely meet the needs of scientific documents and materials, and to enable every library to be equipped with sufficient reprography tools, including cameras and microfilm reproducers, to make copies at any time to meet the needs." By 1959, he further pointed out that libraries must advance towards mechanization and automation. He said: "Today, library work and information work are all about managing thousands of documents. Due to the increasing number of documents, manual work has gradually failed to meet the needs, so it is necessary to move forward to mechanization and automation. We look forward to the mechanization and automation of scientific and technological workers in reading, searching and even translating documents, and give us more advice and help. For example, we should catch up with foreign progress as soon as possible about the design and manufacture of microscope lenses, the search machine for punched cards, and the electronic computer for automatic translation. " For this view, everyone feels that Tao Menghe is far-sighted.
Tao Menghe pays great attention to the cultivation and training of library cadres. When he was just the director of the library, he held the first library affairs meeting on March 5, 1951, and put forward specific requirements for the comrades working in the library. He said: "According to the resolution of the first president's meeting in 1951, the presidents are responsible for the administrative changes, and I am responsible for the tasks of the library. Now under the leadership of the people's government, all kinds of undertakings are moving forward. The library is an institution that promotes the improvement of cultural level, and it is of course a more important cause. The expansion of its business is an inevitable trend. ..... So I have several requirements for all the working comrades in the library: (1) Working in the library should have the spirit of serving the public, meet the requirements of readers and cherish books. Of course, it is also a good phenomenon that you like reading, but you should put public before private and put others before yourself. (2) The nature of the library of the Academy of Sciences is different from that of ordinary libraries, and there are probably many books for specialized scientific talents to read. Therefore, the library staff in our college, especially the comrades in charge of books, should have a clear understanding of the classification of the books collected, and readers should refer to what kind of questions or books of what nature, and they can find them at any time for reading. (3) Everyone should be proficient in the business of this position. When the huge task comes in the future, we should be happy and not be overwhelmed. Now the library has organized a business class, which is very good. I hope to make it regular and normalized from simple to complex. " Then, it is pointed out that "colleges and branch libraries should make more efforts in cadre training." It is an effective way to train on-the-job cadres by offering short-term training. At work, we should also train young staff in a planned way. On the one hand, we should give them conditions to learn professional knowledge, Chinese and scientific knowledge. On the one hand, we should boldly hand over all kinds of work to them and exercise them in the work, so that we can train them quickly, well and economically, "he added." Pay attention to cultivating new forces in the work of cadres. Support them, love them, and make them grow up quickly. Older experts should pass on their knowledge and experience to your successors without reservation, and young people also respect their predecessors and learn from them humbly. " According to Tao Lao's instructions, in the early days of liberation, the institute held three workshops. In 1956, the college held another large-scale study class. In 1959, the College Library, Wuhan Branch Library and Shanghai Branch Library jointly held three library training courses in Wuhan and Shanghai respectively. From 196 to 1962, the College Library held two library training courses in Beijing, which made more than 1, library cadres in the college receive basic training and improved their professional level. In 1958, the Compiling and Publishing Committee of the Academy organized the Library of the Academy, the Science Press and the Institute of Information of the China Academy of Sciences to jointly establish the University of Science and Information. The following year, it merged into the University of Science and Technology of China and established the Department of Science and Information, which trained a number of books, information and publishing talents, many of whom later became business department leaders or academic leaders.
Tao Menghe loves young people, promotes later studies, and tirelessly teaches others. In the library, he treats young cadres with persuasion, encouraging them to study more and delve into their business, especially when comrades in literature acquisition and international exchange work find him when they encounter problems, he always takes pains to explain and solve them. Vice President Tao, who is over seventy years old, often comes to the library to preside over the work in spite of illness, and personally sits in the office of the International Book Exchange Group to review the exchanged letters and books. His words and deeds have a profound influence.
Generally speaking, under the leadership of Tao Menghe, the library of China Academy of Sciences has developed rapidly in the short ten years after the liberation of the whole country. The number of libraries in the whole hospital has increased from 17 in 195 to more than 2 in 1959, and the collection of books has also increased from 63, in 195 to more than 6 million in 1959. These books are the most useful and precious scientific and technological documents in China, which play a very important role in the development of scientific research in China.
Tao Menghe ruled sociology in his early years, but soon after the founding of New China, sociology was rejected as pseudoscience, which seriously affected the fair evaluation and rational use of Tao Menghe. When the rectification movement mobilized the intellectuals in 1957, Tao Menghe put forward an opinion that "the old intellectuals were not used ... because of the lack of cadres in China, those with materials did not use them, while those without materials made up for them, which led to a lot of confusion." Later, at the climax of the anti-rightist struggle, at the conference criticizing Fei Xiaotong and other so-called "political conspiracy to restore bourgeois sociology and economics", Tao Menghe said bluntly: In a socialist society, people's relations with each other and social progress depend on friendship, not hatred, and intellectuals should play their role instead of being hostile. He also made shocking remarks that intellectuals suffered "catastrophe" in political movements. Later, he was designated as a rightist, China Branch.