At first, the development of submachine guns was not taken seriously, and there were not many models. Coupled with some problems in the product, the scope of use of submachine guns is limited. By World War II, submachine guns began to shine brilliantly, and all the participating countries except Japan were equipped with submachine guns in large quantities, which played an important role in the war.
Finland M 193 1 "Somi "
Finland M 193 1 SOMI submachine gun
The submachine gun "Somi" was improved by Laidi of Finland on the basis of his M26 submachine gun and named after his country (the word "Somi" comes from Finnish "Finland"). The gun was not famous after it came out, but it was famous for its performance and tactical application in the Sufen War, which deeply "hurt" the Soviet army and affected its equipment construction. The biggest highlight of "Somi" is the large-capacity drumming and the fixed design of the gun handle when shooting, which also affects the design of other submachine guns. High-quality material selection and strict processing technology standards make "Somi" have high shooting accuracy and reliability, and it is very stable in continuous shooting. With its excellent performance, it became the leader of submachine guns in World War II. But it is precisely because of its complex processing technology and expensive materials that it is not suitable for mass production. The total output during World War II did not exceed 80,000 pieces. The gun adopts the automatic mode of free bolt, opens the chamber and fires 9 mm Parabelen pistol bullets, with an effective range of 200 meters and a theoretical firing rate of 900 rounds per minute. Equipped with a variety of ammunition supplies, the maximum ammunition capacity is 70 drums.
Soviet PPSh-4 1 "Bobosha" and PPS-43
Soviet PPSh-4 1 "Bobosha" submachine gun has a famous saying: "It is very simple to design a very complicated weapon, but it is extremely complicated." This is the case with the "Bobosha" submachine gun he designed. This gun is used to replace the PPD submachine gun, and it obviously has the shadow of "Somi" in appearance, but its internal structure is different, only 70 large-capacity cartridges of "Somi" are used for reference, and the storage capacity of 1 cartridge is increased.
"Bobosha" has a simple structure, but it is not rough. Most parts are stamped, welded and riveted by steel plates, and the barrel bore is chrome-plated, with high reliability and durability. The front end of the radiator outside the barrel slightly inclines downward beyond the muzzle, which has the functions of braking and preventing the muzzle from jumping up, and improves the shooting accuracy. The gun fires a 7.62 mm pistol with an effective range of 200 meters and a theoretical firing rate of 900 rounds per minute. It is the largest submachine gun produced during World War II, reaching 5 million.
Soviet PPS-43 submachine gun was officially installed on 1943. By the time production stopped after World War II, about 1 10,000 submachine guns had been produced, and many countries were equipped. The gun has some characteristics of modern submachine gun in appearance, structure and processing technology. Most of its parts are stamped, welded and riveted by steel plates, with simple structure, convenient manufacture, good reliability and service. The gun fires 7.62 mm pistol bullets without drums and is supplied by 35 arc magazines. Its effective range is 200 meters and its theoretical firing rate is 650 rounds per minute.
American M 1 Thomson and M3
American M 1928 "Thomson" submachine gun American submachine gun developed earlier, and the first "Thomson" submachine gun M 19 19 came out. The following year, Thompson began to publicly display sample guns to win military orders. This new submachine gun uses a standard American 45 ACP pistol bullet, which is provided by a huge drum with a capacity of 100 rounds. The firing rate is as high as 1500 rounds per minute, and the drum with 100 rounds will be used up within 4 seconds. Thompson's billboard called the gun "trench broom", highlighting its unparalleled firepower. Experts present praised it as the most revolutionary light weapon at that time.
The finalized M 1928 Thomson submachine gun has a total length of 85 cm, and the empty gun weighs 5 kg. It uses 1 1.43 mm pistol bullets, 20 magazines or 50 cartridges to load ammunition, with an initial velocity of 280 meters per second, the firing rate is reduced to 700 rounds per minute, and the effective range is 50 meters. The reason for the short range is that the muzzle velocity of 1 1.43 mm pistol is too low, and its accuracy will be lost beyond 50m. After further improvement, M 1A 1 appeared. The most obvious difference in appearance between M 1 series Thomson submachine gun and M 1928 Thomson submachine gun is that the handle of M 1 is on the right side of the gearbox, while the handle of M 1928 is on the top of the gearbox.
M 1928A 1 was widely used in World War II. 1942, the improved M 1928 was named M 1 Thomson submachine gun, and then the M 1A 1 model was developed. During World War II, * * * produced1.4000 sets of "Thomson". There are many imitations of this gun in China, commonly known as "Tom gun". The gun fires11.43mm pistol bullets with an effective range of 200m. Equipped with a variety of ammunition supplies, the maximum ammunition capacity is 100 rounds, which is characterized by fierce firepower and great power. But the disadvantage is that the structure is complex, too long and too heavy, and it is not easy to process.
At the beginning of World War II, the American-made M3 submachine gun "Thomson" was out of date and needed a submachine gun to replace it, so M3 took office at 1942, so there was an improved M3A 1. M3 and M3A 1 use a large number of metal stamping parts, which have simple structure and the manufacturing time is more than half that of Thomson, so the cost is low, and the unit price is only $20. At the end of World War II, the output of these two guns was about 600,000. M3 adopts folding stock and fires 1 1.43mm pistol bullets, which are supplied by 30 magazines. The theoretical firing rate of the gun is only 450 rounds per minute, which makes it easier to control the stability when shooting repeatedly, but some soldiers complain that the firing rate is too low.
Germany MP38/40
German MP38/40 submachine gun MP is short for German submachine gun. The earliest MP 18 in Germany is called "flower machine gun" in China because of its porous air-cooled radiator outside the barrel. MP38 is the world's first submachine gun made of folding stock and steel and plastic. It is called the earliest "modern submachine gun", and many submachine gun designs were influenced by it after the war. MP38/40 submachine gun production1.2000. Because of the limited number, it was mainly equipped with chariot soldiers and paratroopers, and later it was extended to junior and intermediate infantry officers. Ordinary soldiers were still using Mauser 98K rifles until the end of the war.
The folded butt of MP40 submachine gun is 63cm long, and the empty gun weighs 4kg. It uses 9 mm Luger pistol bullets and 32 magazines of ammunition. The initial velocity is 380m per second, the firing rate is 500 rounds per minute, and the effective distance is 100m. Compared with Thomson and M3 submachine guns in the United States, MP40 submachine gun is inferior in close range lethality, but its recoil is much lower, so its accuracy is higher.
Aiming at the shortage of MP38, MP38/40, MP40 and other models were born by improving some structures and processing technologies. Compared with other submachine guns, MP38/40 has medium performance, but the overall performance is excellent. During World War II, * * * produced 6.5438+0.2 million submachine guns. The gun fires 9 mm Parabelen pistol bullets, which are supplied by 32 magazines, and the theoretical firing rate is 500 rounds per minute.
British Stern submachine gun Stern submachine gun has several best in World War II: the simplest structure, the worst workmanship, the lowest cost, the ugliest appearance and the most hated by allied soldiers. This gun was developed by Britain in response to the threat of German invasion. There are many models, one of which is the only submachine gun that can be equipped with silencers in World War II. The "best" of a gun also summarizes its good and bad characteristics. Its design is the representative of "more, faster and cheaper", and its structure and manufacture are extremely simple. However, the unreliability of its ammunition supply and safety devices often leads to scolding. It produced 4 million pieces in World War II. The gun fired a 9mm Parabelen pistol and a magazine of ammunition. This gun is commonly called "offset shuttle" in China because it is inserted into the magazine from the side.
Beletta M 1938A, Italy
Italy Beletta M 1938A submachine gun Although Italy is the inventor of submachine gun, it has had little effect for a long time because of unclear tactical use. M 1938A is a famous Italian prolific designer turio? Mangoni developed a very successful submachine gun in 1938, including I, II and III. Type I is a prototype gun with a folding bayonet; Type II changes the cooling hole into a round hole, and adds a continuous firing trigger safety in the trigger retaining ring; Type III cancels the bayonet, designs a new muzzle anti-jump device, and changes the movable needle into a fixed needle. Double trigger mechanism controls single shot and continuous shot respectively. The gun fires 9 mm pistol bullets, which are provided by 40 magazines. Effective range 150m, theoretical firing rate of 550 rounds per minute.
Czechoslovakia ZK383
Czechoslovakia ZK383 submachine gun ZK383 was patented by 1933. During World War II, it was not only equipped with Czechoslovakia and German troops, but also equipped with Belgian submachine guns. Some South American countries are also equipped with it.
ZK383 submachine gun is characterized by good shooting accuracy, adjustable two firing rates and quick barrel replacement. The firing rate of the gun is changed from 500 rounds/min to 700 rounds/min by replacing the bolt with different quality. In addition, it is equipped with a bipod, which is folded into a front fender when not in use, which is rare in submachine guns at that time. The gun fires 9mm Parabelen pistol bullets, which are supplied by 30 magazines, and the scale range is 100-800m.
Australia "Owen"
Australian Owen submachine gun
The "Owen" submachine gun was designed by Australian Army Lieutenant Owen and was officially adopted by the Australian Army in 194 1. After several improvements, the gun has several modifications. The gun has high shooting accuracy, reliable action and excellent durability under severe weather conditions such as sandstorm, and its performance far exceeds that of Thomson submachine guns produced in the same period. However, its disadvantages are heavy appearance and gun, and high manufacturing cost. Guns * * * produced about 45,000 guns, which are very effective in the jungle areas of Southeast Asia. It uses 9mm Parabellum pistol bullets, which are provided by 33 magazines. The magazine is mounted on the top of the gun, which is rare in the world. The shell is thrown down. The gauge range of the gun is 9 1.5m, and the theoretical firing rate varies according to different models, with a maximum of 700 rounds per minute.