The past July 30th is the first anniversary of the publication of the State Council's Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System. According to the incomplete statistics of Xinhua Viewpoint, at present, 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China have successively issued reform opinions that are in line with the State Council. According to the new opinion, the difficulty of urban hukou migration of different scales is diverging, and the system of point settlement is becoming the "standard" policy of strictly controlling population in megacities, and the "welfare list" of residence permit has also begun to take shape.
Beijing's policy "breaks the ice", how to balance the goals of humanized management and population control?
Yan Lu, director of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said in late July that in the second half of 20 15, Beijing will study and formulate policies and systems for population control in six districts of the city, and strive for early results. At the same time, the residence permit system was introduced to steadily promote the settlement policy of points. It is understood that Beijing has included the Measures for the Administration of Residence Permit in the 20 15 legislative plan.
Beijing, with a permanent population of 2151600,000 at the end of 20/4, is one of the cities with the strictest household registration system in China. The Outline of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Plan clearly states that by 2020, the permanent population of Beijing will be controlled within 23 million. In this context, Beijing's household registration policy has attracted much attention.
In fact, before this "ice-breaking", Beijing had already made some explorations. In 2003, Beijing introduced the work residence permit system, mainly aimed at outstanding talents. At the beginning of 20 15, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 1 1 departments listed Tongzhou, Beijing as a national comprehensive pilot area for new urbanization. It is understood that the pilot takes legally stable employment and legally stable residence (including lease), years of participating in urban social insurance and years of continuous residence as the main indicators, and sets integral scores. Those who reach a certain score can apply for settlement. However, in order to cooperate with Beijing's "population control" strategy and policy, the specific operation methods of Tongzhou pilot are still under study.
Zhao Hong, vice president of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said that Tongzhou District is the administrative sub-center of Beijing, and population control is a hard task for Beijing, so it should not be "impacted" by the settlement of the points. The settlement of points conforms to the general trend of humanization of population migration management and is the performance of social civilization and progress. But for Beijing, population control is a more important realistic goal, and the two cannot be neglected.
The reporter found that while Beijing was cautiously pushing forward the policy, Hebei province around Beijing was even stricter than the State Council in terms of settlement conditions for towns around the capital when formulating opinions on household registration system reform.
According to the opinion of Hebei Edition, compared with other small towns in China, migrants should not only have legal and stable jobs and legal and stable residences, but also participate in social insurance for a certain number of years if they want to settle in the capital towns around Langfang, sanhe city City and its subordinate towns, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Xianghe County, Yongqing County and Gu 'an County. This means that even in small towns around Beijing, it is difficult to settle down.
Small and medium-sized cities are less difficult to settle down, and cities with an urban population of more than 3 million are still strictly controlled.
Since the reform of the household registration system was put forward one year ago, has the difficulty of household registration migration, especially in cities, been reduced?
According to the statistical analysis of the reporter, among the 20 provincial opinions publicly disclosed, the restrictions on the settlement of established towns and small cities have been fully liberalized, and there is basically no threshold. As long as citizens have the will and have a legal and stable residence, they can settle in small cities even if they rent a house; Medium-sized cities are currently liberalizing settlement restrictions in an orderly manner; Big cities are also lowering the threshold for settlement.
In the State Council's opinion, it has been put forward that the requirement for big cities to participate in urban social insurance should not exceed five years. However, according to the statistics of reporters, in local opinions, many western provinces have not put forward specific time limits for settling in large and medium-sized cities to participate in social insurance. The corresponding standards in Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other places are only one year.
However, compared with the difficulty of settling down in small and medium-sized cities, big cities, megacities and megacities with a population of more than 3 million are still strict in settling down under the background of the general introduction of the point settlement policy.
An important idea in the State Council's opinion is to strictly control the population size of mega-cities, and put forward to improve the settlement policy of existing cities with a population of more than 5 million, and establish and improve the settlement system of points.
The reporter found that half of the 20 provincial-level reform opinions put forward that cities in the province need to introduce a point settlement policy. In addition, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan, Hangzhou and so on. The point settlement policy has been implemented or is being piloted.
The settlement of big cities is strictly reflected in three aspects:
-the total amount control is stricter. In Tianjin Binhai New Area, only 1000 people have obtained residence permits since the Interim Measures for the Administration of Residence Permits in Tianjin were tried out in early October/April. There are only about 5,000 settlement indicators in Guangzhou this year.
-The settlement policy for points requires higher "time". Some of these cities have strict requirements on the time for floating population to pay taxes locally and participate in social insurance. According to the relevant policies of Shanghai, the period for eligible residents to change their residence permit into household registration is generally 7 years. In July this year, Shanghai issued the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Talent Work System and Mechanism to Promote Talents' Innovation and Entrepreneurship", which stipulated that the period for transferring residence permits to household registration for some talents could be shortened, but the minimum was two years. In the pilot project in Hangzhou, the years of social insurance payment and residence are also the main contents of the points system.
—— Some cities have strict requirements on the academic qualifications and professional titles of applicants who have settled in the points, and there are many bonus items. In the previous policies of Beijing, Shanghai and other places, the requirement of "above the intermediate title" has appeared. In Shenzhen's points settlement policy, blood donation, volunteers, charity and patent ownership are also included in the bonus items.
Ren Yuan, a professor at the School of Social Development and Public Policy of Fudan University, said that the settlement of residence permit points is actually a "conditional household registration" system. Traditional settlement conditions include investment, house purchase, technology investment and so on. After the implementation of the integral system, the whole evaluation index system is more flexible and comprehensive, which is an improvement from this perspective.
How much treatment can I enjoy in the same city with a residence permit?
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Public Security said last year that the residence permit system is a transitional institutional arrangement, which is to establish and improve the basic public service provision mechanism linked to the length of residence and other conditions, and to solve the practical difficulties in education, employment, medical care, old-age care and housing security for those agricultural migrants who have already worked and lived in cities and towns but have not settled down. To what extent can the floating population with residence permit enjoy the same treatment as the citizens in their cities?
At the end of last year, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Residence Permit (Draft for Comment), which initially listed the public services that holders of residence permits can enjoy in the future. Together with the previous residence permit systems in Guangdong, Tianjin and Shenzhen, a "list of rights" for residence permits was initially formed:
The first is the right to enjoy basic public services. Including residence permit holders will enjoy the same rights as the local registered population in employment, basic public education, basic medical and health services, family planning services, public cultural services, and license handling services.
Secondly, the rights that are gradually enjoyed in connection with time. Under the condition of continuous residence and social insurance, the holder of residence permit will gradually enjoy the same rights as the local registered population in secondary vocational education funding, employment support, housing security, old-age services, social welfare and social assistance.
In addition, it is their right to take the college entrance examination in the local area. Combined with the continuous schooling years of the accompanying children in the local area, the holder of the residence permit will gradually enjoy the qualification of the accompanying children to take the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination in the local area.
Among the residence permit systems in Guangdong, Tianjin and Shenzhen, the rights stipulated in Guangdong's policies are the most detailed. Guangdong Province implemented the Interim Measures for the Residence Permit of Imported Talents in Guangdong Province, and listed 15 treatment. Domestic personnel with residence permits can even sign up for the open selection of leading cadres in Guangdong Province if they meet the requirements. Tianjin's residence permit system stipulates that the holder of residence permit can take a driver's license test in Tianjin, or apply for renting public rental housing, purchasing price-limited commercial housing or purchasing affordable housing built by the unit.
On the issue of migrant children's participation in the college entrance examination, among the opinions of 20 provinces, only Xinjiang has clearly defined the time and conditions for realizing their rights. Among them, the most interesting thing is that migrant children can gradually enjoy the qualification to take the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination in the local area as long as they have been in school for more than four years and their parents have participated in social insurance for three years.
Experts say that it is difficult for floating population to enjoy the basic public services of urban residents in education, employment, medical care, old-age care and housing security. Residence permit system is to gradually let floating population enjoy these rights and conveniences when urban development meets its own public service needs, and at the same time, it can play a guiding role for different populations in the city.
Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University Population Research Institute, said that due to the residence permit system and the settlement policy of points, the floating population enjoys different treatment, especially in education, medical care and other services, which will play a guiding role in population migration and have a far-reaching impact on society.