Engineering waterproofing mainly includes basement floor, side wall, kitchen and bathroom, terrace, roof, swimming pool and so on. Cause of water seepage
A, cause the window frame surrounding diffuse infiltration, the reasons are as follows:
1. Structural deformation and sealing material falling off.
2. There are small cracks around the window frame.
There are holes around the window frame.
4. The installation error is large.
Waterproof treatment method of window template
(1) Clean the periphery of the window frame, find out the leakage gap and analyze the leakage reason;
⑵ For the parts with holes in the wall, chemical grouting or other filling should be considered according to the specific situation.
Elastic waterproof material.
(3) Clean the crack surface, and there should be no spacers such as oil stain and floating dust on the surface;
(4) embedding the elastic sealing material into the gaps around the window frame;
5] Test the waterproof effect of water. Cause of water seepage
I. Structural construction
1. The mixing ratio of water, lime, sand, etc. is incorrect. Cracks in concrete lead to cracks in floors and beams.
2. When pouring concrete, the initial setting time of concrete has passed.
3. The pouring interruption time is too long, and cold joints are formed during construction.
4. When pouring, insufficient or excessive vibration leads to capillary holes in concrete.
5. When pouring concrete (generally, the falling plate 300 is used in the bathroom), the beam slab is poured at the same time, and the hanging hole appears at the lower part of the beam (above the slab).
7. The supporting slats supporting the side formwork of toilet beam were not removed immediately during pouring, leaving holes in the slab.
8. Stirrups are directly placed on the floor bottom formwork, and the upper reinforcement is exposed from the board surface, which causes the reinforcement to corrode, forming a waterway and causing leakage.
9. Because it is a slab, workers often make mistakes when blanking, and the steel bars can't be put down, so they are forced to bend down, resulting in no long bars of steel bars at the root of the beam side in the slab, which is prone to small cracks in the slab.
10. The formwork is dismantled too early, the maintenance is not timely or enough, and the board forms cracks.
Second, the construction
1 1. The leveling layer was not cleaned before construction.
12. The leveling layer is too thick and cracks appear.
13. The leveling layer didn't find slope or didn't find enough slope, resulting in water accumulation.
14. The waterproof layer is not completely closed, and holes and cracks appear due to unqualified materials or poor construction quality.
15. The waterproof layer was not rounded before construction.
16. The upturned height of the bottom waterproof layer is not enough, which is 150mm according to the specification, but at least 1000- 1200mm can achieve good waterproof effect.
17. Wall waterproofing is not done or the construction quality is unqualified.
Three, water supply and drainage construction and others
18. Water pipes, wires and sleeves were not filled in the buried grooves on the wall, so water leaked along the outer wall of the pipeline.
19. Wall-penetrating, plate pipe without casing, or there is no glue seal between casing and pipeline.
20. The casing height is not enough or the reserved hole of the package guest is not well sealed or the sealing material used is unqualified.
2 1. The waterproof method of pipe root is incorrect and not in place.
22. The water pipe is broken
23. The joints are lax, and the quality of elbows, tees, taps and plugs is unqualified.
24. Cracks appeared in the wall.
Construction scheme
1. material: JE-I waterproof glue.
2. Construction steps
1. Mix cement and sand evenly first, then add JE-I and water.
2. According to JE-I: cement powder: sand: water = 1: 6: 13: water (about 2), mix into waterproof mortar, and pay attention to mixing evenly.
3. Throw the waterproof mortar to the construction surface with a thickness greater than 1, 5cm. (Note: See Hefeng JE ultra-high polymer waterproof construction drawing for the thickness requirements of each part of this project. )
4. Use qualified cement. Generally, the silica content is 32 or above, and the sand is medium-fine sand with silt content less than 3%.
5. Don't use too much at a time, and the stirred materials should be used up within 45 minutes. The stirring must be uniform.
6. After the construction, carry out proper maintenance. After 24 hours, the closed water test can be carried out. If there is no leakage after 48 hours, it is qualified and can be delivered for use.
7. The content of structural waterproof concrete is 5% of the cement weight.
8. The construction temperature is above 5℃.
Building materials: JE-Ⅱ polymer waterproof mortar.
Construction scheme:
1. Clean the construction surface and sweep it with clear water until it is slightly wet.
2. Mix and stir the two components of the product evenly for later use, and do not add water.
3. Brush the cement evenly on the treated construction surface with a spatula or a brush.
4. More than two layers must be painted, and each construction interval must wait until the last dry (non-stick) before painting for the second time, with an average thickness of 2mm.
Introduction of main points
It's the peak season for decoration. According to insiders, the waterproof project of the bathroom is a place where family decoration is prone to problems, so special attention should be paid to these "sensitive areas" in family decoration. There are many kinds of waterproof materials used in the bathroom, and the waterproof effect is basically good, but we should pay attention to the specific construction details.
Leveling the ground If you want to replace the floor tiles in the bathroom, chisel off the original floor tiles, first level the ground with cement mortar, and then make it waterproof. This can avoid leakage caused by uneven thickness of waterproof coating. The joint between the bathroom wall and the ground and the joint between the upper and lower water pipes and the ground are the most prone to problems. During the construction, the joints shall be painted at appropriate positions.
Dealing with the wall in the waterproof treatment of the general bathroom, the wall should also be coated with waterproof paint with a thickness of about 3 mm to prevent water from infiltrating from the wall. If two shower screens are used, the two connected walls should also be painted. If a bathtub is used at home, the height of the waterproof coating on the wall adjacent to the bathtub is higher than the upper edge of the bathtub. A building leaks water, indicating that the waterproof layer is broken or there is a gap. The traditional method is to repair the waterproof layer.
The construction steps of repairing the waterproof layer are generally divided into: pry open the tiles, dig out the waterproof layer of the building, make a new waterproof layer again, and then lay the tiles again. The whole construction process will take about a week, and an ordinary toilet 1500-2000 yuan.
There is also a decorative brick outside the waterproof layer. If the waterproof layer is broken, it is the latest waterproof concept to let the tile act as the waterproof layer. Because the construction of repairing the waterproof layer is large, costly and time-consuming, it is necessary to waterproof the surface of ceramic tiles. Now there is a CPC leak-proof agent on the market, which can effectively waterproof the bathroom.
Concrete construction leakage repair
The first step is to join.
That is, to remove the gap between tiles or the loose part of the gap between tiles and walls, the tools used are artistic blades or professional scrapers.
Precautions:
1. Silica gel should be removed from all the places previously coated.
2. At the corner or pipe joint, it is important to check whether there is any loose or soft part, try to remove the loose or soft part and keep the particularly hard part.
Step two, caulking.
Fill the removed gap with caulking agent.
Preparation of joint sealant:
Make a paste with white cement or ordinary cement and water (make a paste, the fluidity should not be too big, so there should not be too much water). If possible, it is better to add a little anti-seepage agent after mixing it into paste.
Precautions:
1. For places where water accumulates for a long time or is not dry, after the first step of jointing is completed, for wet parts such as cracks, bake them with a drying lamp for a period of time until they are dry.
2. After baking and drying, if a small amount of leak-proof agent can be added to the gap and then the gap is filled up, the effect is the best.
3. After caulking, wipe off the excess caulking material on the ceramic tile with a dry cloth.
Step 3, brush the leak-proof agent for the second time.
Precautions:
1. After the joint filling in the second step is completed, the joint filling agent will not dry immediately, and it will take at least 8 hours to achieve the drying effect. It is recommended to brush the leak-proof agent the next day. In order to save time, it is suggested that the first step of jointing and caulking should be completed on the same day.
2. About five minutes after the first time, apply the second leak-proof agent to all parts. The shower room in the bathroom should be brushed to the height of 1.8 meters, and the gap part should be brushed several times when necessary, so that the leak-proof agent can be fully absorbed.
After the construction of the waterproof experimental bathroom is completed, all the sewers in the bathroom are blocked, a 25 cm thick "sill" is built at the door, and then 20 cm high water is poured into the bathroom. After 24 hours, you should check the surrounding walls and floors for obvious leakage.
Water leakage is common in metal roofs: through market research, most of the steel structure color-coated roofs in China have serious water leakage, especially in southern China. Even some steel structure manufacturers' own workshops and offices are prone to water leakage, which is mainly concentrated in vertical lap, horizontal lap, lap on both sides of the roof, around lighting tiles, around fans, around chimney pipes, all roof screws, sinks, parapets and other joints. A, wall inspection and treatment
1. External wall masonry requirements: avoid the light joints of the wall, the mortar joints should be uniform, the interface between the wall and the beam and column should be cleaned, the brick masonry should be wet, and the masonry wall should be built in two or three times to prevent mortar shrinkage and make the wall fully thick, and pay attention to the flatness detection of the wall to prevent the mortar from being too thick or too thin in the next process.
2. Inspection and treatment of holes in the wall: Before plastering, check the holes in the wall and block all kinds of holes in the wall. Use 1: 3 cement mortar to level the uneven parts. If it is too thick, level it in layers, or plaster it with steel wire mesh and adhesive tape, and clean the holes left in the outer wall with scaffolding, tower cranes and construction elevator Rachel rods. , and fully clean with plain cement slurry, and then use harsh. Around the screw hole on the concrete shear wall, the bell mouth should be chiseled, filled with expansive cement mortar, sealed with polymer waterproof slurry and sealed.
3. Repairing the concrete external wall There is a small amount of expansion and honeycomb pitting in the concrete external wall. According to the actual situation, the following methods are used to repair the concrete surface: ① Expansion formwork repair: firstly, the protruding concrete part that does not meet the design and specification requirements is chiseled and cleaned, and then it is brushed or flattened with steel wire.
Rinse the base with water, then level it with 1: 2 or 1: 2.5 cement mortar, and finally spray water 14 days. (2) Honeycomb repair (all the honeycomb pits found are small in area without deep holes), firstly, the loose stones and concrete chips on the concrete surface are chiseled and cleaned. Secondly, before repairing, the dust on the surface of the concrete to be repaired should be washed with water to keep the base surface moist, then leveled with water mortar of 1: 2 or 1: 2.5, and finally watered for fourteen days.
Second, to ensure the construction quality of leveling layer
1. Work before leveling layer plastering:
Before plastering, we should pay attention to the wetting of masonry surface and spray enough water. Before plastering, the external wall at the junction of masonry and concrete should be covered and fixed with 200㎜ wide 16# steel wire mesh to resist cracking caused by different expansion coefficients of different materials. For the laitance and residual template sawdust on the concrete wall, the exposed steel bars and iron wires must be cleaned up to facilitate the firm bonding of plastering mortar with the base.
2. Attention should be paid to the leveling layer: (1) Mortar should be carried out in strict accordance with the proportion, strictly measured, and the water cement ratio should be controlled. It is forbidden to mix water at will during construction; (2) Plastering mortar should be plastered by layers, especially in high-rise buildings, where local external wall plastering is thick, and layered plastering is required, and the thickness of each layer of plastering should not exceed 2㎝. If the thickness is too large, steel wire mesh should be set at the layered place; (3) Polymer waterproof mortar can be used for batch mortar; (4) Exterior wall plastering scaffold should be connected with steel bars. After cutting, smooth the bell mouth, cut it into reverse rubs with an iron trowel after sizing, and then brush the plain cement slurry.
Third, ensure the construction quality of exterior wall tiles.
1. Check whether the leveling layer is empty, shelled, cracked and uneven before tiling. If it is qualified, repair it immediately, and then brush the leveling layer with pure cement slurry (mixed with 10% 107 glue) for roughening.
2. Ceramic tiles should meet the product quality requirements. Before pasting, the tile color should be uniform and the corner selection should be smooth. Tiles should be soaked in the pool 65438+ 0 to 2 hours in advance, and the surface should be dried when necessary.
3. Bricks can be pasted with 1: 1 water mortar. When pasting, first scrape a layer of 7㎜ thick cement slurry mixed with 107 glue on the back of the brick to make up for unevenness and enhance cohesive force. When sticking bricks, squeeze them in place, squeeze the slurry to make the narrow gap full, and remove the residual cement slurry in time.
4. Tick off the joints in time after the tiles are pasted, and tick off the joints with 1: 1 polymer waterproof mortar to reduce the brittleness of cement mortar. Generally, the joint width is about 8㎜, and the jointing sequence must be carried out horizontally and vertically at the same time to prevent too many joints. The joint form is concave joint, slightly lower than tile joint. After jointing, after checking that there is no hook leakage or other defects, wipe the brick surface with cotton silk. Finally, spray water for a few days.
5. In order to prevent wall leakage caused by cracking of ceramic tile and adhesive layer, two horizontal frame joints can be left on the side beams of each floor to separate the adhesive layer of ceramic tile. Before dismantling the external scaffold, the frame joints should be cleaned and filled with weather-resistant glue, and the glue surface should be flush with the ceramic tile surface. The inner corner is also sealed with weather-resistant glue.
Fourth, ensure the construction quality of doors and windows.
Before the installation of doors and windows, check the size of doors and windows, and deal with those with large size deviation, so as to avoid affecting the sealing quality because the joints around the window frame are too large or too small. Generally, the seam width between the frame edge and the hole is about 20㎜. Installation must be carried out in accordance with the specifications, horizontal and vertical, fixed firmly, and do a good job in concealed engineering acceptance. After the window frame is fixed, the periphery of the window frame is caulked with polymer waterproof mortar. Brush a layer of cement waterproof mortar before caulking to facilitate mortar bonding. Sealing should be dense and full, and there should be no light transmission. After checking and confirming the sealing quality, the plastering construction around the window frame can be continued. Drip line must be made for the window cover ceiling board painted with cement mortar. The outer opening of the ceiling with brick facing behind the rough cement mortar must be lower than the inner opening. After the doors and windows are installed and painted, the products shall be protected and the doors and windows shall not be damaged.
Five, to ensure the quality of roof construction
The roof is closely connected with the external wall, so the design and construction of roof joints are very important. Technical Specification for Roofing Engineering and Code for Quality Acceptance of Roofing Engineering (GB50207-2002) clearly require that one end (the end of waterproof layer) and secondary joints (deformation joints and frame joints) should be made well.
), 3 (impinges mouth, entrance, cornice) and 4 (daughter wall root, equipment root, pipe root, chimney root) and other details of the flooded parts. To solve the problem of roof joint leakage, designers are required to strengthen the treatment of these parts and draw detailed drawings from the design. Considering the influence of structural deformation, temperature difference deformation, shrinkage deformation and vibration, joint sealing, inverted combination, rigid-flexible complementarity and multi-channel fortification are adopted to meet the needs of foundation deformation. From the construction point of view, before construction, it is necessary to formulate a special scheme for roof waterproofing construction, and make detailed disclosure to the construction personnel so that they can know the key points of operation, so as to ensure the reliability of joint waterproofing.
Six, external wall leakage inspection measures
Using continuous water spraying method, φ20㎜ water pipe can be used, and the top floor of the building is continuously sprayed with 3kpa pressure water for 6 hours to observe whether there are any signs of water seepage around the interior walls and windows.
General flat roof waterproof methods are:
1. Coil waterproofing
2. The coating is waterproof
3. Introduction to Rigid Waterproofing
Basement construction sequence: The inner and outer walls of the basement must be poured together, and the outer walls are self-waterproof concrete, and the secondary vibrating process is adopted. Specific construction technology and operation methods can be found in the relevant chapters in the basement construction plan.
Waterproof construction treatment of basement
(1) The horizontal construction joints and water stops on the wall shall prevent water seepage.
(2) Joint treatment of new and old concrete. 24 hours before concrete pouring, the construction joints shall be washed with high-pressure clean water, and the joint surface of concrete shall be wetted for many times, so that the new and old concrete can be well combined.
Waterproof construction of pipeline through wall
Before pouring concrete, the wall-penetrating pipe should be embedded with casing, and the distance between the wall-penetrating pipe and the internal angle and concave-convex parts should be greater than 250㎜, and the pipe spacing should be greater than 300㎜. When there are many through-wall pipes, the sealing steel plate of the through-wall box can be closely welded with the embedded angle steel on the wall, and modified asphalt flexible sealing material or fine stone concrete can be injected from the pouring hole reserved on the steel plate.
Waterproof construction technology of basement
This project has two floors: basement floor and basement exterior wall waterproof layer. Use 2㎜ thick polyurethane waterproof coating, and use 1.5㎜ thick EPDM waterproof coiled material as coiled material. 1. The waterproof layer of underground waterproof engineering shall be constructed after the foundation and structure are qualified.
2. During the construction of basement floor waterproofing project, the underground water level should drop below the lowest elevation at the bottom of the waterproofing project, not less than 300㎜ until the waterproofing project is completed.
3. Construction, technology and method of polyurethane waterproof coating
Solutions to roof leakage
Don't worry about the eighth leakage of the waterproof book at home. Experts say: if there is water leakage in the house, we must first find out the reason for the water leakage. Generally speaking, the following problems are common in roof leakage: quality problems of waterproof layer lead to cracking, aging of waterproof layer leads to cracking, artificial destruction of waterproof layer, or structural cracks; The second step is to choose the treatment method. Common treatment methods include: repairing the original waterproof layer, integral waterproofing, etc. The third step is to handle it carefully to avoid future troubles, and remind the owner to choose brand waterproof materials. The construction must be meticulous and comprehensive, and there must be no luck to prevent water leakage again.
In view of the common roof leakage, Leibangshi suggests that you do the following specific steps:
First of all, find the water leak.
If the crack at the water leakage point is not too long or too deep, the length is not more than 5-6cm, and the depth is not more than 2-3cm, it can be filled with Rebonds nozzle grouting material. Leibangshi nozzle grouting material is a cement-based one-component powder grouting material made of high-strength minerals as aggregate, cement as binder and additives with high fluidity, micro-expansion and anti-segregation. It can be used after adding water and stirring during construction. It has the characteristics of good self-flow, high strength, no shrinkage and fast curing, and can quickly fill gaps and solve various anchoring problems such as nozzle and machine foot. It is the latest patented product developed by Leibangshi Company.
Secondly, brush flexible waterproof slurry.
After the nozzle grouting material is filled, apply flexible waterproof slurry. Leibangshi flexible waterproof slurry has the characteristics of "combining rigidity with flexibility", which not only has the extensibility and waterproofing of polymer coating, but also has the advantages of high strength, good water resistance and easy adhesion with wet base. But also has good flexibility, and can resist slight vibration and certain degree of displacement of the building structure;
Thirdly, non-woven fabrics are used to reduce the influence of structural movement on the waterproof layer.
Add a piece of non-woven fabric soaked with flexible waterproof slurry at the crack.
Fourth, make a protective layer of cement mortar.
After drying, use cement mortar to brush the waterproof layer to make a protective layer.
It should be reminded that if the waterproof cracks again at the same position and the crack exceeds 0.4mm, it belongs to the structural problem of the house and has nothing to do with waterproof; If the water leakage point cannot be found, it is suggested that the whole roof be waterproof again.
The above construction materials are provided by professional family waterproof expert Lei Bangshi!
Construction technology of waterproof coating
Construction sequence: base treatment, primer coating, first coating waterproof layer, coating waterproof layer on the surface of coating film, and coil construction in the next working procedure after quality inspection and acceptance.
Before construction, it should be checked that the base should be solid and have a certain strength, and the surface should be free of pollutants such as floating soil and sand. The base should be dry, and the moisture content should be less than 9%.
The painting sequence should be vertical first, then horizontal, and the painting direction of each layer should be straight after the angle of yin and yang and the details.
Construction technology of EPDM rubber
After the waterproof coating construction is completed, it is best to carry out the coiled material construction after the coating is cured and dried. It is particularly emphasized that the waterproof coiled material is directly constructed on the waterproof coating layer, and its bonding material must be a special adhesive that is compatible and matched between the coiled material and the waterproof coating, and the seam of the coiled material is treated with adhesive tape and sealing material. After the peeling strength of adhesive is soaked in water 168h, its retention rate should be greater than 70%, otherwise it is not allowed to be used.
1. Construction technology of EPDM waterproofing membrane
Strengthen the waterproof treatment of the pile head in complex parts, coat the special glue for the base, lay the seam of EPDM coil and seal the waterproof protective layer.
B, pile head waterproof treatment:
The reinforcement at the pile head is closed with water stop, and the pile extends into the pile cap for 50㎜. Pile head waterproofing shall be carried out according to node ① of page 24 of Shaanxi 02J 10. 150㎜ waterproof coating with a thickness of 2㎜ shall be applied to the outside of the pile top, and the outside of the pile top with a thickness of 300㎜ shall be compacted and polished with waterproof mortar, and the joint between the coiled material and the pile shall be sealed with polyurethane.
Coil laying method
(1), coiled material and foundation glue can be laid after drying (generally, it is not sticky by hand 15 ~ 20 min. This is the lap width of full glue spreading method 100㎜, and the summer-planting is staggered by 250㎜.
2, before the shop is stuck, must play line (stay) control, basement floor pile to calculate the coil size in advance, to ensure the shop is stuck. And every 1m, align the coil with the standard line, and immediately roll it with a clean and soft long handle to eliminate the air between the bonding layers. After removing the air, roll along the bonding surface with a pressure roller.
Coil lap joints and ends must be treated with special joint adhesive and sealing paste.
The coiled material waterproof layer can be used as a protective layer after passing the inspection. The protective layer is made of C20 fine stone concrete with a thickness of 50㎜, and the waterproofing membrane layer shall not be damaged when pouring the fine stone concrete.