Zhang Peng, senior statistician of the Social Science Literature Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, analyzed that compared with developed countries, China's R&; D. financing has four characteristics:
1, the gap between the total investment and the United States is narrowing year by year. 20 13 China's r&; D the total amount of funds jumped to the second place in the world for the first time, when R&; D The total expenditure is about 40% of that of the United States, which ranks first in the world. It is estimated that the proportion in 20 17 will be close to 60%.
2. The annual net investment increment has exceeded the sum of the increments of OECD member countries. 20 16 China's r&; The net increase of D funds is150.69 billion yuan, while during the R& period, the total net increase of R&D funds of OECD members is about 97.37 billion yuan, and the net increase of R&D funds of China is about 1.5 times of the total increase of OECD members.
3. The growth rate of investment keeps the world leading. 20 13 to 20 16, China r&; D Fund has an average annual growth of 1 1. 1%, which is 2.7%, 2.3% and 0.6% in the United States, the European Union and Japan respectively.
4. The input intensity reaches the level of moderately developed countries. 20 16 China's r&; D The investment intensity is 2. 1 1%, which comes from 35 OECD member countries, R&; D In terms of investment intensity, it is between France (2.25%) ranked 12 and Iceland (2. 10%) ranked 13.
Extended data:
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Refers to various expenses incurred by enterprises in the research and development of products, technologies, materials, processes and standards, including: materials, fuel and power expenses directly consumed by R&D activities; Wages, bonuses, allowances, subsidies, social insurance premiums, housing accumulation funds and other labor costs of on-the-job R&D personnel in enterprises and labor costs of external part-time R&D personnel.
Depreciation or lease expenses of fixed assets such as instruments, equipment and houses used for R&D activities, purchase expenses of R&D instruments and equipment with a unit value of less than 300,000 yuan, and operation, maintenance and repair expenses of related fixed assets; Amortization expenses of intangible assets such as software, patents and non-patented technologies used in R&D activities.
Mold development and manufacturing costs, process equipment costs, equipment adjustment and inspection costs, samples, prototypes and general testing means purchase costs, trial products inspection costs, etc. ; Demonstration, review, acceptance and evaluation of research and development achievements, as well as application fees, registration fees and agency fees for intellectual property rights.
Entrusting or cooperating with other units or individuals to pay for R&D by outsourcing and cooperating with R&D; Other expenses directly related to R&D activities include technical books and materials, materials translation fees, conference fees, travel expenses, office expenses, foreign affairs fees, R&D personnel training fees, training fees, expert consultation fees, high-tech R&D insurance fees, etc.
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Baidu Encyclopedia-Scientific Research and Experimental Development