Author: Wang Song Anshi
Stealing the law of the former king, from within the capital, endowed with fine and coarse, with a hundred miles as the difference, while countries outside the capital, each with everything as a tribute, also use the method of making money to move it. The goods and wealth that rule the city will be given to the dead and removed from the victims; If the market can't sell, and the goods are too late for civilian use, officials will collect money for the buyers from time to time. All this non-patent also. People who gather in the world cannot live without money; Managing the wealth of the world cannot be meaningless. If a husband manages the wealth of the world with justice, he will lose his job and rest. He had to be fair, the money spent had to be reasonable, goods and bribes had to be inspected, and the weight of power collection and dispersion had to be unskilled. Today, when I spend money, I am in a hurry. Canon officials are confined to abusing the law, and they don't know inside and outside, and the surplus and deficiency don't complement each other. All roads have places at the age of 20, and there can be more sidewalks in good years, but I dare not win; Frugality is hard to prepare, and you dare not be short. In the distance, when there is a loss, it is half price. The delivery of Sanlian is just a book and a meeting, and there is no way to increase or decrease it. It is almost impossible to conceal the huge expense involved in the sacrifice of the army in the suburbs, and the finances of various departments are often secretive and dare not tell the truth in case of emergency. If you are worried that the annual plan is insufficient, most of them will shift and change, or even double, in order to get people and pay taxes. And the things used by the court, seeking non-production, complaining about non-time, wealthy businessman dajia, because of the urgency of public and private, gathered and dispersed with the right.
Me, minister, wait. Taking shipping as the way to make tea salt alum tax a thing, the army is used for national storage and more. It is appropriate to keep money and goods, and then not to give them, so that we can know that the six-way wealth is available and useful. Everything that pays taxes should be moved at a low price, and used far and near, so that people who spend a fixed amount of money in Beijing can buy and sell orders at will. In order to transfer losses, save labor costs, reclaim farmers' income, which can be used by several countries, and people's wealth is not scarce, the right to slightly reclaim should be returned to the public. All the joint official departments of the company are allowed to make moves and joint events, and try them according to the regulations, thus diluting the company's participation in the implementation.
2. Who are the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties? What are their words and names? They are the collective names of eight writers famous for their prose in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty.
Among them, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Su San were the core figures of the ancient prose movement in Song Dynasty, and Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong were the representatives of Linchuan literature. They set off a wave of innovation in ancient Chinese prose, which made the old face of poetry development look brand-new.
1, Han Yu Han Yu (768 -824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan). Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department.
Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese.
In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", who drowned himself in the world, was loyal to the prisoner's anger, and was handsome in the three armed forces "(eight generations: Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Qi, Zhou and Sui); Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu juxtaposes Koreans with Du Shi, calling them "Du Han Shi Bi", and is known as "a great writer of articles" and "a hundred generations of literators". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.
Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when someone is down", "blaming easily" and "losing your mind". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
2. Liu Zongyuan Liu Zongyuan (773 -8 19), with thick word, is a Han nationality, a writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, and his ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi). People all over the world call it "Liu Hedong" and "Mr Hedong", and they also call it "Liu Liuzhou" because of the history of Liuzhou secretariat.
Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng. Born in Chang 'an, he was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and he was the official governor of the empire.
He left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. He is under 50 years old. 3. Ouyang Xiu Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The word Yongshu, a drunkard, was also named Liu Yiju in his later years (Liu Yi has a collection of 10,000 books, epigraphy of 1,000 books, a piano and a chess, a pot of wine and an alcoholic), and he was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). Tiansheng Jinshi
When I was in Renzong, I was tired of knowing the imperial edict and the Hanlin bachelor. When Yingzong was an official, he was a Tang Dynasty envoy and participated in the discussion of state affairs. The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong.
Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish the backward, and Su Shi's brothers Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his house.
His poems, words and essays are all the best at the moment. Poetry is eloquent and lyrical, and it is one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians.
Author of Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents. 4. Su Xun (1009-1066), whose real name is Mingyun, is; Meishan people in Sichuan.
58 years old. At the age of 27, I became eager to learn.
At the age of 20, I raised Jinshi and Cai Mao. , all missed. I learned to burn my articles and study behind closed doors, so I learned the Six Classics and I wrote thousands of words in an instant.
Between Jia You and him, he took his second son, Shi Hezhe, to Beijing. Ouyang Xiu published 22 books, such as Lun Heng and Quan Shu, which were circulated by scholars.
Han Qi, the Prime Minister, plays in the court, except for the secretary and the provincial school bookkeeper. He and Yao Bi, the prefect of Xiangcheng, wrote the book The Book of Rites Since the Dragon, which is one hundred volumes of Taichang Yin Ge Rites.
A book becomes a book, but it will die. He wrote twenty volumes and three volumes, all of which are biographies of the history of the Song Dynasty, which have been handed down to the world.
Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in Saint Amethyst's Twenty-Seven. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard.
In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood study with his father and felt his father's profound influence on him. Of course, if Su Xun didn't study hard, Su Shi couldn't have received a good family education in his early years, not to mention a young Su Shi who "learned classics and history, earning thousands of words a day".
5. Su Shi (1037-101year), a famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, was given as a gift to posthumous title by the Southern Song Dynasty Taishi. Su Shi has made great achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting, and is recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in China for thousands of years.
His prose is called "Su Hai in Han Dynasty" with Han Yu, "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian and "the first all-rounder in ancient China" with Xin Qiji. Su Shi, his father Su Xun (1009~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus".
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu and Dongpo Zhi Lin.
6. Su Zhe (1039-112) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he joined the Jinshi branch with his younger brother Su Shi.
God is the emperor of the dynasty and the official of the three divisions. He was promoted in Henan for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform.
When he was a philosopher, he was called the secretary of the provincial school. In the first year of Yuan You, you remonstrated. Zhong Cheng, Shangshu Youcheng, and his assistant minister learned about Ruzhou, demoted Yunzhou, moved to Leizhou and moved to Zhou Xun.
Hui moved to Yongzhou and Yuezhou successively to become a Chinese medicine practitioner, and then moved to Xuzhou to be an official. Self-styled welcome legacy.
A pawn, a stone man One of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, he is as famous as his father Xun and other disciples.
7. Wang Anshi (102 1 year-1086), whose real name was born in the mid-levels in his later years, was named Badger Lang, Qi Jinggong, also known as Wang, and was born in Linchuan (now Shangchi Village, dongxiang county, Jiangxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty.
3. In February of the second year of Wang Anshi's biography, he visited the Senate and learned about politics. He said: "No one can know Qing, thinking that Qing knows what is going on in the world." An Shi said to him: "Scripture is the principle of managing world affairs, but the so-called Confucian scholars in later generations are mostly mediocre, so secular people think that Scripture cannot be applied to world affairs." He asked, "But everything that Qing did was well-founded." An Shi said: "It is the most urgent task to legislate to change customs." He thinks so. So he set up a three-department planning department and put Chen Shengzhi, who knew the Privy Council, in charge. An Shi put his party Lv Huiqing in charge of this matter. However, irrigation and water conservancy, young crops, all lost, Jiabao battle, exemption from service, city easy, horse protection, Tian Fang and so on have been promoted one after another, numbered as the new law, appointed officials. An Shi recommended Lv Gongzhu to take his place. Han Qi remonstrated with him, and when the emperor realized that he wanted to go with him, An Shi begged him to go. Sima guang replied to the imperial edict, saying that "the scholars are boiling and the people are in chaos." An Shi was angry and defended himself. The emperor was afraid of politely declining, so Lv Huiqing ordered him to stay. An Shi thanked him because it was said that Chinese and foreign ministers and officials were involved. Therefore, it is more important than the customs of the world, and the weight of customs is the customs of the world; Your majesty's weight means that all the people in the world belong to your majesty. Power and matter are more important than matter. Although it is a matter of fate, the increased loss is only two baht. Today, the adulterer wants to defeat the former Wang Zhengdao, so what your majesty did depressed him. Therefore, when your majesty is fighting against the vulgar rights, adding two baht will not play much role, and the power of the world has become a vulgar right, which is why he has always believed. "Say" don't do "...................................................................................................................................................................... I don't understand political affairs. Wang Anshi replied: "Confucian classics is used to handle government affairs, but later many so-called' scholars' were mostly laymen, so people all over the world thought that Confucian classics could not help the world." The emperor asked again, "In that case, what is your first administrative measure?" Wang Anshi replied: "It is the most urgent thing to change bad habits and establish laws and regulations." The emperor thinks so. So he set up an organization, added three departments and regulations, and appointed a Bobby Chen, who knew the Privy Council and was in charge of it. Later, the reforms of irrigation and water conservancy, young crops, total loss, Jiabao, exemption from service, Shiyi, Ma Bao and Tianfang began to be implemented one after another, which was called the new law, and more than 40 officials were sent to publicize and recommend various officials. Therefore, the emperor demoted Lu Hui as an official, and Wang Anshi recommended Lv Gongzhu to take his original position. Han Qi's advice was ignored to the emperor, who felt disillusioned and wanted to hear his advice. Wang Anshi asked himself to leave. Sima Guang replied to the resignation letter on behalf of the emperor, which read, "The world is in turmoil with scholars and doctors, and the people are in poverty." Wang Anshi was furious and resisted the imperial edict to defend himself. The emperor humbly comforted him and declined politely. Han Jiang also advised the emperor to keep Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi went to the DPRK to thank him. Therefore, he took the opportunity to tell the emperor about the party affiliation of ministers, officials, Taiwan admonishers and Shila Amzah gangs at home and abroad, and said: "The emperor should follow the right path of the former dynasty and overcome the common customs of the world; Therefore, we should weigh the bad habits in the world. If bad habits prevail, everyone will learn from them that day. If your majesty's power is great, the courtiers will submit to your majesty's control on that day. Power and things are weighed against each other, even if it is crucial, it is only writing money that increases losses. Now, evil people want to undermine the former king's right way of governing the world and hinder his Majesty's actions. Therefore, when the emperor competes for power with popular habits and bad habits, increasing money expenditure will play a very small role, and the power of the world will shift to the side of popular habits and bad habits. This is the new law that will bother you one after another.
4. Uncle Chen Shengzhi's Classical Chinese and Answers Song Shichen Shengzhi's original text Chen Shengzhi, the word uncle, was born in Jianyang, Jianzhou.
As a scholar, he learned to seal the state and Hanyang army, joined the suggestion and admonished the right division, changed his life and learned to remonstrate the court. When the custom is good, it is easy to hide and make a personal letter. If there is a lawsuit, it will be notified in turn and a secretary will push it.
Sheng Zhi said, "Please forbid this habit of informing others." He also said: "The Three Pavilions are the way to explore China, and those close to them are beneficial to the people. So, they are the steps of your progress. Please choose carefully. "
Those who ask for the favor of their children and grandchildren from today's courtiers will not get rid of the cabinet. Wei Xiao, Zuo Zhongshu, was furious and sent to the government.
In the words of promotion, it is inappropriate for Beijing officials to dismount for our time because they are arrogant. Yao Zhang Zuoyuan harem relatives, for the third division ambassador, looking for ambassador Xuanhui; Chamberlain Wang Shouzhong led the two towns to stay behind and seek promotion to the regular class; It is suggested that Zhang Qian should fill the county, but it will not be called for a long time; Peng Siyong talks about things and asks everything in poverty; Tang Jie attacked the Prime Minister and reprimanded Lingnan: promotion is extremely remonstrant.
Move to the suggestion and know chores. Anyone who has been accused for five years has received dozens of Pepsi-Cola, but his theory is not firm, so he will never use it.
Tian Hou system, Hebei embassy, know Yingzhou, Zhending, add a bachelor's degree in Longtuge, and then know the suggestion court. It said: "The imperial court cannot know whether the counties in the world are governed, so it will pay for it.
I didn't choose well today, and I didn't pass the exam. If it is not stupid and timid, it is despicable, so I will sigh. If you want to calm down, you must start now. "
This is a letter to Sun Jian, a bachelor of Hanlin, and Quan Zhong, who said that they would lead the grinding, exploration and transshipment missions, and mentioned some prison services. At the beginning of my promotion, when I was an admonition officer, I tried to restrain myself from falling into my heart. I ordered Xu Yousi not to play.
Yes, prophecy. The three provinces of the imperial edict Committee were guilty and exposed to the court.
Wen Yanbo begged and begged, but when he was promoted, Jia Changchao, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, used it again. He talked about his evil, and Changchao died. I moved to the university to be a bachelor and know how to make government affairs public.
Years old, thanks to the Council. Therefore, admonition officials, Fan Shidao, Lu Hui, Zhao Bian, Wang Tao, etc. paid tribute to the officials promoted by Yin, so they were of great use.
Injong showed that he was promoted, and he was promoted to a beggar. The emperor said to the assistant minister, "I choose to be in power, so I can't allow my minister to discuss evil beforehand."
These are two strikes. He was promoted to the college minister's hall, knowing Dingzhou and moving to Taiyuan.
After two years of peace, he came back to worship the parliament. God always stood up and invited the county with his mother in her later years, so that she could learn about Yuezhou with a bachelor's degree in Confucian Temple.
In the first year of Xining, he moved to Xu, changed the middle road to a famous government, passed the que and stayed in the Privy Council. Stories, knowledge of the Tang Dynasty and hospitals are not juxtaposed.
When Wen Yanbo and Lv Gongzhu were ambassadors, the emperor promoted them to Sanfu yamen. They wanted to be a little different, so they were appointed. Next year, the same company will set up three departments, namely the regulation department, to deal with Wang Anshi.
For a few months, I went to the door of the book to pay tribute to the great scholar Ping Zhang of Jixian Hall. Because I was promoted, I asked to be relieved of my post in the regulation department. He said that he thought the Prime Minister was omniscient, and the Ministry he got could not be called the Ministry.
An Shi said, "The six ancient things are precious, that is, the ruling party today. There are Sima, Situ and Sikong, each of whom has his own duties. Why bother? " Sheng Zhi said, "If you make 100 regulations, you can, but now you can't make three departments and one official." Therefore, it is called An Shi. It is said that after being ill for more than ten years, the emperor gave several orders.
Will the mother mourn and go to the position? Finally, he was called the Tang Dynasty. Foot disease can't stand the court, seven years, winter worship, no manners.
Worship the Zhenjiang army, make peace with Zhang, sentence Yangzhou and seal the Lord protector. Died at the age of 69.
Give gifts to Taibao and Zhongshuling, and write "Sioux City". If you are deep and cunning, you will get wealth because of goodness.
Wang Anshi used things to benefit the court and advocated self-help. I know I can't do it, but I try my best to use it, so I will make myself the first.
If you succeed, that is, you have solved the rules, it will be a big difference, if Yang is different. The world despises it and calls it "phase".
At the beginning of my promotion, I became famous, evaded the suspicion of Shinto and changed my name. Uncle Chen Shengzhi is from Jianyang County, Jianzhou.
He was admitted to the Jinshi, successively served as the army of Fengzhou and Hanyang, entered Beijing as the censor and the right censor, and was appointed as the living shed, in charge of the Imperial Academy. The custom at that time was to like to take letters to relatives. In the event of a lawsuit, they will turn around and report to each other, and the government will make inferences accordingly.
Chen Shengzhi said: "This is the custom of betraying traitors, and we ask for prohibition." He also said: "Santing has a bright future for literati. Recently, employment has been reckless, so it has become a step for noble people to make progress. Please hold elections strictly. "
The imperial edict stipulates that from now on, anyone who asks for the favor of his children and grandchildren shall not be granted the post of pavilion. On the way, Zuo Lang Wang Kui met Cheng Archilife Guo, the commander of the temple. Cheng Archilife Guo scolded Wang Kui for not dismounting and saluting and sending him to the government.
Chen Shengzhi said: "Beijing officials should not be dismissed by our time." Therefore, Cheng Archilife Guo was impeached and removed from office.
Zhang Yaozuo, because of his close relationship with the harem, served as three ambassadors, and soon served as the ambassador of the emblem; After Wang Shouzhong, the chamberlain, took charge of the two towns, he requested to be promoted to the regular class; The suggestion Zhang Qian served as county magistrate and was not summoned for a long time; Peng Siyong talks about things and asks for details; Tang Jie attacked the Prime Minister and was sent to Lingnan. Chen Shengzhi tried to protest. Be promoted to an imperial minister and know chores.
I worked as a lecturer for five years and played hundreds of things, but my theory was not firm, so I didn't implement them all. He was promoted to be the envoy of Tianzhangge, transferred to Hebei, served as the magistrate of Yingzhou Prefecture and Calm Prefecture, and also served as a bachelor in Longtuge, in charge of the suggestion institute.
Renzong said: "Whether the counties in the world have been governed or not, the court is not completely clear, and these are all handed over to the transshipment management. The talents selected now are incompetent and have no assessment and supervision. They are either ignorant, incompetent and cowardly, or they bully despicable people at will. So their sufferings, sorrows and sighs were blocked and the emperor could not hear them.
We must show the people of the whole country what the imperial court represents, and we should start here. "So the imperial edicts academician bachelor Sun Jian, right suggestion and Yun, and Chen Shengzhi in charge of grinding transshipment and some prison affairs at the same time.
When Chen Shengzhi was first appointed as an admonition officer, he asked to restrain and cut off the imperial edict in the palace, and the imperial edict allowed a department director to perform. At this point, further statement.
The imperial edict entrusted the three provinces to expose and correct their crimes, and they also exposed them in court. Wen Yanbo begged to be removed from the post of prime minister. Chen Shengzhi was worried that Jia Changchao would be appointed again in the Tang Dynasty, so he discussed evil with him, and Jia Changchao finally dismissed from office.
Get a bachelor's degree in the Privy Council and know Kaifengfu. At the end of the year, he was appointed as Deputy Special Envoy.
In this way, admonition officials Tang Jie, Fan Shidao, Lu Hui, Zhao Bian, Wang Tao, etc. discussed the secret courtship of eunuchs by Chen Provincial successively, so they were reused. Renzong showed these chapters to Chen Shengzhi, who begged to leave.
Renzong said to the assistant minister, "I choose the ruler, how can I allow the minister to interfere in discussing evil?" So both sides were rejected.
Taking Chen Shengzhi as a bachelor of Shangshutang, he learned Dingzhou and transferred to Taiyuan. Zhiping II.
5. What is the quota? Hehe, the definition of quota upstairs is the standard answer in the book. This can also be said to be rubbish in the book. How is the quota set up in the cost guidance document compiled according to the social labor level, the working ability of machinery, the unit price of materials and the construction technology of this period? Hehe, it can be seen from this question that you only study cost, and the basis of cost is specification, drawings, technology, quota understanding and experience. The package price is only 1 and the basic requirement is cost. The key to this problem is that you must understand the choice and requirements of technology, and you will pack the price. Each 1 project in the quota corresponds to 1 technology, so different technologies have different calculation rules. This is to tell you that the key to arbitrage is to understand technology.
6. People who gather in the world cannot be without money; Managing the wealth of the world cannot be meaningless. Whose financial thought is it? This is a classic financial thought in China's history.
From Wang Anshi's Discussion on Three Rules in Song Dynasty. It means: everyone in the world gets together when they have money, and they can't manage their money without talking about benevolence and righteousness.
Wang Anshi advocated a comprehensive social reform from the economic point of view. Wang Anshi's way to make money is to use nature, develop production and give play to people's creative ability; The way to manage money, curb mergers, neglect taxes, save money and broaden the people.
So he said, "People who gather in the world cannot be without money; Managing the wealth of the world cannot be meaningless. " Those who manage the wealth of the world with justice must have uneven work and rest, reasonable amount of money spent, moderate bribery of goods and wealth, and no skill in collecting and dispersing power.
His thoughts are fully reflected in the reform measures such as the Farmland Water Conservancy Law, the Exemption Law, and the Young Crops Law. However, the implementation of the new law touched the vital interests of the imperial clan and consorts.
For example, Zongshen and Wang Anshi changed the official appointment system to imperial clan children, which made many distant relatives lose the opportunity to obtain official positions, thus causing their strong dissatisfaction. These princes not only wrote to the imperial court, but even besieged Wang Anshi himself, stopped his horse and said to him, "We are both the emperor's kindred, so don't embarrass us.
Finally, Wang Anshi's reform failed because it touched the interests of the big landlords, but his idea survived. .
What does Babe mean?
Pinyin: bèi xǐ
[Explanation of words]
Also known as "double". Also known as "double relocation". It means several times. Double, double; Shit, five times. Mencius on Teng Wengong: "When husband and things are at odds, their feelings for things are the same. Or double, or a hundred, or ten million. " Wang Song Anshi's Regulations on Begging for the Third Division: "Far from double losses, all have half price." Hu Yinglin's Four Books on Shaoshi Mountain in the Ming Dynasty: "If you want a counselor to talk about it, why not do it according to the rules of respecting righteousness in Danshu?" Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Qi Tian Sheng Da: "It will be more profitable to bring goods back to China in the future." Wang Kaiyun's Loki Ziyi: "The death of Gong Sheng is the year of two migrations."
According to the records of people at that time (1846), "Song (Songjiang) and Tai (Taicang) are more advantageous in Sobu than rice fields. Recently, foreign fabrics are popular, and the price is only one third of that of woven fabrics. Our village specializes in textiles, and it has been reported recently that there is no yarn to spin. Matsumoto and Taibu, cut more than half. " Farmers and craftsmen went bankrupt under this impact. This material shows that after the Opium War, under the impact of foreign commodities, the traditional economic structure changed and the small-scale peasant economy began to collapse.
8. Who are the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties? It is the collective name of eight writers who mainly wrote poetry and prose in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe (collectively), Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty.
Among them, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Su San were the core figures of the ancient prose movement in Song Dynasty, and Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong were the representatives of Linchuan literature. They set off a wave of innovation in ancient Chinese prose, which made the old face of poetry development look brand-new.
Origin of appellation: When did the appellation of "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" begin? According to the survey, You Zhu compiled the articles of the above eight essayists into the Collection of Eight Writers in the Early Ming Dynasty, and the names of the eight great writers began. The Wenbian compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty only took the articles of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and all the articles of other writers were rejected.
This has played a certain role in shaping and spreading the names of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Soon after, Mao Kun, who was highly respected, selected eight articles according to the compilation of Zhu and Tang, and compiled them into Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, so the names of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were decided.
Except for eight people; In addition, there are four schools, namely Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi, collectively known as Song Sijia, or four ancient prose schools in the Song Dynasty. Eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties respectively introduced: 1, Han Yu Han Yu (768-824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, and a native of Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan).
Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong.
He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", who drowned himself in the world, was loyal to the prisoner's anger, and was handsome in the three armed forces "(eight generations: Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Qi, Zhou and Sui); Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu juxtaposes Koreans with Du Shi, calling them "Du Han Shi Bi", and is known as "a great writer of articles" and "a hundred generations of literators".
He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "blaming easily" and "losing your mind".
Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism. 2. Liu Zongyuan Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), with a thick word, was a writer and thinker in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Born in Chang 'an, his ancestral home is Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), and he is known as Liu Hedong. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and he was the official governor of the empire. He left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. He is under 50 years old.
Because he was from Hedong, he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so he was called Liu Hedong. 3. Ouyang Xiu Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The word Yongshu, a drunkard, was also named Liu Yiju in his later years (Liu Yi has a collection of 10,000 books, epigraphy of 1,000 books, a piano and a chess, a pot of wine and an alcoholic), and he was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). Tiansheng Jinshi
When I was in Renzong, I was tired of knowing the imperial edict and the Hanlin bachelor. When Yingzong was an official, he was a Tang Dynasty envoy and participated in the discussion of state affairs. The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong.
Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish the backward, and Su Shi's brothers Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his house.
His poems, words and essays are all the best at the moment. Poetry is eloquent and lyrical, and it is one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians.
Author of Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents. 4. Su Xun (1009- 1066), whose real name is Mingyun, is; Meishan people in Sichuan.
58 years old. At the age of 27, I became eager to learn.
In my spare time, I have promoted Jinshi and different talents, all of which failed. I learned to burn my articles and study behind closed doors, so I learned the Six Classics and I wrote thousands of words in an instant.
Between Jia You and him, he took his second son, Shi Hezhe, to Beijing. Ouyang Xiu published 22 books, such as Lun Heng and Quan Shu, which were circulated by scholars.
Han Qi, the Prime Minister, plays in the court, except for the secretary and the provincial school bookkeeper. He and Yao Bi, the prefect of Xiangcheng, wrote the book The Book of Rites Since the Dragon, which is one hundred volumes of Taichang Yin Ge Rites.
A book becomes a book, but it will die. He wrote twenty volumes and three volumes, all of which are biographies of the history of the Song Dynasty, which have been handed down to the world.
Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in Saint Amethyst's Twenty-Seven. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard.
In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood study with his father and felt his father's profound influence on him. Of course, if Su Xun didn't study hard, Su Shi couldn't have received a good family education in his early years, not to mention a young Su Shi who "learned classics and history, earning thousands of words a day".
5. Su Shi (1037 ~101year), the word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, was named "Dongpo Jushi" in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was given to a surname, chasing posthumous title's "Wenzhong", a native of Meishan, Sichuan [5], and a famous soldier in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi has made great achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting, and is recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in China for thousands of years.
His prose is called "Su Hai in Han Dynasty" with Han Yu, "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian and "the first all-rounder in ancient China" with Xin Qiji. Su Shi, his father Su Xun (1009~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus".
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu and Dongpo Zhi Lin.
6. Su Zhe (1039—112) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he joined the Jinshi branch with his younger brother Su Shi.
God is the emperor of the dynasty and the official of the three divisions. He was promoted in Henan for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform.
When he was a philosopher, he called it a secret.