Torpedo:
The former Soviet Navy developed the rocket-propelled "Snow" supercavitation "Storm" super-high-speed torpedo code-named BA-Ⅲ as early as the 1970s. , the speed has reached 370 kilometers/hour (about 200 knots). The bubbles are generated by themselves at super high speed, and the exhaust gas of the torpedo engine is directed to the front and released. According to relevant reports, the United States has also launched a comprehensive plan to develop supercavitating weapons; France has always had a strong interest in supercavitating technology and has purchased several "Snow" torpedoes from Russia for evaluation and is implementing "air-based" torpedoes. "Bubble Coordination Action" program to conduct tests of an airborne anti-mine supercavitation bomb; Germany cooperated with the U.S. Naval Research Department to carry out a joint plan on the design of new cavitation generators and torpedo homing system modeling, and also completed A prototype supercavitating torpedo has been developed and is expected to be tested soon.
Russia's "Snow" rocket-powered torpedo has become world-famous and is a known supercavitating weapon. The former Soviet Navy equipped its troops in 1997 after more than 10 years of secret research and development. The "Wind Snow" torpedo was developed by the Institute of Fluid Mechanics in Ukraine. It is 8.23 ??meters long and weighs 2,697 kilograms. The shell gradually tapers from the tail to the head. The head is equipped with a warhead, and the center of the tail is a large-aperture solid rocket motor nozzle. , surrounded by 8 small cylindrical starter rockets, they accelerate the "Snow" to supercavitation speed, and then the main engine starts to work. There is also a guidance wire spool at the tail, which releases the wire when the torpedo runs in the water. This wire is used to control the movement of the torpedo and the detonation of the warhead.
Earth-penetrating bombs such as the BLU-82, known as the "King of Bombs" or the MOAB, known as the "Mother of Bombs", all use streamlined projectiles, which penetrate the ground like nails on a wooden board. The new "super" ground-penetrating bomb newly developed by the United States uses supercavitation technology. Its ground-penetrating depth will be more than 9 times higher than the GBU-28 ground-penetrating bomb.
Artillery shells:
Supercavitating artillery shells are a helicopter-borne weapon to be procured, using them to destroy surface and near-surface mines. The flat-nosed projectile is fired from a modified rapid-fire gun designed to sail smoothly through air and water and have advanced targeting capabilities. The U.S. Navy is considering deploying a RAMICS short-range weapons system equipped on the deck of surface ships to destroy deadly wake homing torpedoes. The next step in supercavitating projectile technology will be the development of fully underwater artillery systems utilizing adaptive high-velocity underwater munitions (AHSUM, or supercavitating “kinetic energy” projectiles). The system is equipped in the underwater hull of a submarine, surface ship or towed anti-mine device. It has a streamlined turret and is commanded through sonar. Just like the U.S. Navy's radar-directed "Phalanx" short-range rapid-fire weapon system protects surface ships from anti-ship missile attacks, AHSUM can build an underwater defense line for ships.
U.S. Ship:
U.S. supercavitating ship "Ghost"
Not long ago, the U.S. Juliet Ship Systems Company officially disclosed that it had been used by the U.S. Navy The "Ghost" ship is managed confidentially by the patent office and has released photos of the "Ghost". This is the first ship in the world to be designed using the supercavitation principle. Its shape is somewhat similar to a giant bat. The front of the hull is composed of several pieces of cockpit glass and folding plates that are assembled and spliced ??in an orderly manner. The bow has a slightly tilted "big duckbill", and the folding fenders on both sides are inserted diagonally on the sea surface.
The designer of Juliet Ship Systems Company said that the boat uses supercavitation technology, can sail at high speed on the water - the maximum speed can reach 97 kilometers per hour, has radar wave stealth performance, and Can carry torpedoes. The high-profile announcement of the "Ghost" by the United States has once again attracted people's attention to weapons made using supercavitation technology.
The U.S. experimental submarine "Underwater Express"
The "Ghost" disclosed by Juliet Ship Systems was designed to cleverly combine the relevant characteristics of aircraft and ships, making it A gas cavity is created between the surface of the hull and the water, so that the frictional resistance produced by the ship when sailing is 900 times smaller than in the water.
"Ghost" technology can be promoted and applied in manned, unmanned, surface and underwater vehicles. Compared with conventional ships, its rapid maneuverability and stealth have unparalleled advantages. If put into use, it can significantly Reduce the Navy's demand for littoral combat ships and release a large number of destroyer and cruiser resources.
France and Germany submarines:
France and Germany, which have advanced submarine manufacturing technologies, are developing a new submarine that will use "water-jet magnetic fluid" power to make the submarine propeller more powerful. The noise dropped to zero and it was undetectable by sonar. Magnetic fluid thrusters will spark an anti-submarine revolution.
The so-called "magnetic fluid propeller" is to build a magnetic field in a channel that runs through seawater. This magnetic field can produce electromagnetic force on the conductive seawater, causing it to move within the channel. If the direction of movement points to the ship, stern, the reaction force will push the ship forward.
According to theoretical calculations, a new submarine using magnetic fluid propellers can reach a speed of 150 knots, which is impossible to achieve with any mechanical rotation propeller, and most torpedoes currently in service will lose their effect. The fastest active underwater speed of 44 knots is the Russian "Priest" class submarine, and the fastest surface speed of 27 knots is the American "Poseidon" submarine; the speed of ordinary torpedoes is 40 to 60 miles per hour (34 to 52 knots). It is more than enough to deal with them, but it is beyond the reach of new submarines with a speed of 150 knots.
Only torpedoes using supercavitation technology can deal with the latest submarines propelled by magnetic fluid water jets. Only Russia is equipped with the Tornado supercavitating torpedo. The latest Tornado II has a speed of 450 miles per hour (391 knots) and a range of 96 kilometers.
On April 2, 2006, Iran launched a high-speed torpedo named "Whale" ("Hut" in Persian) during a large-scale military exercise in the Persian Gulf. The torpedo was launched from a surface ship and successfully sank a target ship at an extremely fast speed (100 meters/second) after entering the water. Judging from the shape, speed, launch tail flame and bubble trajectory of the torpedo, it also uses supercavitation technology. The massive increase has made up for the lack of number of dragons to a certain extent.
Chinese submarines:
In the early 1990s, a plan called "Swordfish" (Project 99) was implemented under the responsibility of the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China Naval Academy. Its essence is the research on the application of superconducting technology in naval ships. It took more than ten years from the beginning of development to the successful test run today.
1. Appearance: Originally, it was based on the Russian K-class ("Kilo" 877-636) type boat and the American The "Virginia" class nuclear submarine and the French "Ruby" nuclear submarine are used as wind tunnel models of new ships. However, under the previous power plant, these appearance designs were hailed as the world's top water droplets. In wind tunnel experiments powered by superconducting magnetic fluid, their blunt bows would form with seawater when traveling at high speeds. A water barrier that resembles a sound barrier, thus greatly affecting the speed of the ship. As a result, a fish-shaped appearance that embodies the wisdom and strength of Chinese designers emerged and passed the wind tunnel test almost perfectly. There are a pair of elevators at the bow and tail. In use, the bow elevator is mainly used to generate positive or negative lift, change or stabilize the navigation depth; while the tail elevator is used to generate pitch or maintain the existing pitch angle. The latest high-strength plastic steel is used on both sides, the surrounding shell, and the inner shell of the rudder. Its endurance is more than three times higher than that of submarine steel, and the deepest diving depth can reach 800-1,000 meters. The hull is wrapped with a layer of elastic "skin" made of special materials called "anechoic skin". This skin makes the hull almost non-reflective of sonar waves.
2. Power : "Superconducting magnetic fluid propulsion" is a very complex subject. It consists of several parts: A. Battery cabin: As a backup energy source, the magnetic fluid propeller must still be equipped with a certain number of batteries. This cabin is close to the middle of the boat. The lower space of the command module. B. Nuclear reactor cabin: It requires high output power, good quiet performance, and long endurance. Using a thermionic reactor, it can convert electrical energy and simplify the cabin structure. Thermionic reactor does not generate high temperature or high pressure, and saves materials and energy. C. Generator cabin: This cabin is located behind the nuclear reactor cabin.
Equipped with 2 main generators for powering magnetic fluid thrusters and 2 auxiliary generators for equipment and lighting; a silencer is installed at the rear of the engine room, and fuel oil and lubricating oil tanks, cooling seawater pumps and ballast are provided under the deck. water tank. D. Control cabin and magnetic fluid thruster cabin: The control cabin is mainly equipped with liquid helium refrigeration device, direct or backup control device of the thruster, measuring instrument panel, cabinet, etc. In the magnetic fluid thruster cabin, a six-link DC spiral superconducting magnetic fluid thruster is installed. The front and rear ends of the magnetic fluid channel are respectively equipped with seawater suction guide tubes and ejection guide tubes. The suction port is oval and "cut" on the hull shell, and the nozzle outlet passes through the stern shell of the boat. Its operating principle is: Under the action of strong electromagnetic force, seawater rotates and moves backward at high speed, and then turns into parallel water flow through the outlet deflector and then sprays towards the stern of the boat through the nozzle, pushing the submarine forward. Since the six spiral magnetic fluid thrusters are independent of each other, by changing the thrust of some of the thrusters arbitrarily, the submarine's navigation status can be changed, and the submarine's navigation status can be realized, such as turning left, turning right, floating up, and sinking. .
3. Speed: Because this new type of submarine uses a unique propulsion principle and extremely high energy utilization, it has better power performance. According to theoretical calculations, the speed of an ultra-high-speed superconducting submarine can It can reach more than 150 knots, but because the technology is still preliminary, the submersible speed of "Luoshen" under normal sea conditions is 60 knots. However, as the boat is finalized, high-speed superconducting technology will become more mature through practical application. In the next three years, its maximum speed is expected to reach 70 nautical miles/hour
4. Ship-borne weapons : When Project 99 was gradually finalized, the (Longbo) torpedo plan powered by miniaturization of high-speed superconductors was also mature, but due to technical problems encountered in the process of minimizing high-speed superconductors. As a result, the final size of the Longbo on board the ship was much larger than expected. Therefore, each Luoshen can only carry up to two Longbo torpedoes (its firing method is similar to that of a sub-submarine). However, this did not affect Luo Shen's firepower coefficient. Because the reduction in the size of the power system has reduced the number of conventional ammunition carried by the submarine