Development and influence of national economic construction movement

While carrying out various theoretical and propaganda work in the national economic construction movement, concrete work in all aspects is also being carried out step by step. The development of industry in this period is highlighted in the construction of various factories. In the machine industry: in the Central Machinery Factory, the construction of three factories, namely, cast iron, steel and machinery, has been completed, the purchased equipment has also arrived, and the automobile factory has begun to build. The Ministry of Railways plans to set up a locomotive general factory in Zhuzhou, with a planned investment of 65,438+0,000,000 yuan, and set up a preparatory office of 65,438+0,935 in August; Liquor industry: 1935, China Alcohol Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established by the Ministry of Industry and overseas Chinese businessmen, with a daily output of 30,000 Jin, and the business was very good. Shaanxi Province established an alcohol factory on 1936 with a total capital of150,000 yuan. In June165438+1October of the same year, Zhenyuan Machinery Alcohol Company was established in Tianjin with a capital contribution of 500,000 yuan. Paper industry: 1936, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with Shanghai industry and publishing industry, set up a large paper mill in Wenxi, Zhejiang with a capital of 3.2 million yuan. Among them, the official shares are 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, and the commercial shares are 6.5438+0.7 million yuan. In addition, Guangdong has also established a paper mill; Chemical industry: 1936, Jiangsu Liuhe acid plant was completed, including sulfuric acid plant, nitric acid plant, synthetic ammonia plant and water and gas plant. The annual output of holmium sulfate is about 50,000 tons. Tian Li Nitrogen Products Company is a private company in Shanghai, with an annual output of 8,000 pounds of liquid nitrogen, 0/3,000 pounds of nitric acid, and about 0/0/0,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and ammonium salt. The government approved to grant the world a five-year patent right, exempted its export tax, and reduced the transportation fee of state-owned transportation enterprises as an encouragement; Electrical industry: Yangzi Electric Company was established on 1936, and it is planned to build a power plant near Xujiapeng, Wuchang, with a total investment of 1 1,000,000 yuan, which can generate 20,000 kilowatts per day, which can be used by three towns and nearby counties in Wuhan. In the petroleum industry, the Ministry of Industry has established a plant oil plant with a capital of 2 million yuan in conjunction with the oil-producing areas of Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Guangxi provinces. With the cooperation of officials and businessmen, we have set up offices in Hankou, bought Dadexin No.3 Factory in Shanghai, bought Zhongyuan Company as the site in Wanxian County, Sichuan Province, and set up branches in Changsha and Hangzhou.

Due to the increase of various factories, the output of industrial products in this period has also been greatly improved. The output of cotton 1934 is more than 28 million, 1936 is 30 million, and 1937 is more than 35 million. 1934, Shanghai National Rubber Company produced rubber shoes120,000 pairs, and 1936 reached 300 million pairs. The national wool output 1934 was10.7 million pounds, and 1936 increased to 9 million pounds. The Central Agricultural Laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the China Agricultural Institute), the Rice and Wheat Improvement Institute and the corresponding agricultural technology institutions in various places are responsible for the research and popularization of agricultural technology. From 65438 to 0936, the Ministry of Industry formulated six measures for technical cooperation between the central agricultural laboratory and local farms. The main contents are as follows: First, China Institute of Agricultural Sciences will popularize the developed and tested technologies, such as improving crop seed technology and various pest control methods. Secondly, according to the actual situation, China Agricultural College held various seminars and invited local farm managers to participate. Thirdly, according to the actual situation, China Agricultural College will hold various seminars and convene local farm technicians for short-term training, so as to achieve technical progress and unification. China Academy of Agricultural Sciences has done a lot of work for this. 1936, the institute of rice and wheat improvement also conducted rice strain breeding and hybridization tests, rice variety comparison and pure line comparison tests. Actively promote excellent varieties of crops. 1936, the wheat production team of rice and wheat improvement institute planted high-quality wheat188,000 mu in Kaifeng, Henan, Nanjing, Jiangsu and Linhuaiguan, Anhui. The rice production team should cooperate with the local authorities and China Certificate, otherwise the customs should prohibit the export.

1936 In March, the Resources Committee drew up a five-year construction plan for heavy industry, and planned to invest 2.67/kloc-0.0 million yuan to develop the production of gasoline, steel, osmium sulfate, generators, aluminum and electrical appliances to meet domestic demand. At that time, Chaling Iron Mine, Gaokeng Coal Mine, Daye, Yangxin, Pengxian Copper Mine, Central Iron and Steel Plant, Jiangxi Tungsten and Iron Plant, Central Wireless Motor Plant and Central Electric Porcelain Plant were organized as planned. 1937 Prepare to develop Yunnan tin mine, Qinghai, Sichuan gold mine, Xiangtan Tianhe coal mine, Lingxiang iron mine, Sichuan oil mine and Shuikoushan lead-zinc mine. Before the Anti-Japanese War, the development of China mining industry can be known from the following table: (unit: tons)

The Agricultural College of Central University and other units have promoted the planting of more than 265,900 mu of rice near Nanjing and in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces. The Cotton Control Committee of the State Economic Commission planted more than 266,000 mu of American cotton in Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu provinces. In terms of pest control, the Institute of Rice and Wheat Improvement, following the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, researched and cultivated varieties resistant to wheat smut and smut, and sent personnel to Sui, Jin, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces to investigate wheat pests and diseases and design improvement methods. The Institute of Rice and Wheat Improvement has drawn up the outline of 1936 for locust control in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, and held a seminar on locust control in Nanjing on March 2. Guangdong and Guangxi have drawn up research topics on plant diseases and insect pests, which are determined by researchers from various agricultural institutions.

Due to the implementation of various policies, agricultural products have increased, as shown in the following table: (unit: Qian Shidan) The National Economic Construction Association has also established a domestic joint venture company to promote domestic products. The inaugural meeting of the Preparatory Committee was held in the auditorium of the Ministry of Industry on February 4, 1936. The company's business includes setting up local domestic companies and subsidizing their capital, handling the distribution and sales of products in local domestic factories, distributing and selling handicrafts and specialty products, expanding foreign markets and training domestic trade talents. In order to develop foreign trade, the Ministry of Industry also decided to set up overseas commercial officers in major trading countries. 1936 In February, considering the foreign commercial palace system, the Charter for Foreign Commercial Commissioners formulated by 193 1 was revised to the Charter for Foreign Commercial Officials.

Due to the development of production and construction, transportation and commercial trade, China's foreign trade improved obviously during this period. Please see the table below (unit: thousand yuan).

Here, not only the remaining quantity is decreasing year by year, but also the ranking of imported goods has changed. The top five imported commodities changed from 1930 cotton products, raw cotton, rice, sugar, metals and minerals to 1936 metals and minerals, petroleum products, machine tools, books and paper, cotton and cotton products. In imported goods, the proportion of consumption materials is decreasing, while the proportion of production materials is increasing.