But what you may not know is that containers allow each of us to enjoy goods from all over the world. It greatly enriches our material life. Not only that, it has also brought about a global division of labor, changed the world political and economic structure, and changed the wealth of mankind to a certain extent.
More importantly, for people engaged in foreign trade-related work, containers carry the dreams and future of too many foreign traders.
Then let's talk about this article from the definition, classification, size and business history of containers.
Based on the definition of each concept, we try our best to understand it. First, let's look at the definition of container.
We are used to using container to refer to containers every day. In fact, the professional name of the container should be through container.
Next, let's look at the classification of containers.
Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? 90% of the goods in the world are transported by ship, so here we mainly discuss the containers transported by ship, including the following 1 1 most common container types.
1. Universal container
Ordinary containers are also called "dry containers". They are completely closed, unaffected by natural disasters and weather, and have strong roofs, side walls and floors. Dry container is by far the most common container type, so it is used to load most types of ordinary goods. In addition, ordinary containers can use modified parts, such as lined bags or flexible tanks, to transport some types of liquid bulk or bulk goods.
2. Flat container, also known as shelf container and frame container.
This container has foldable sides, which can be folded into a flat shelf. The end wall is stable enough to hold goods, so it is very suitable for transporting oversized goods, such as heavy machinery, rail vehicles, large reels and building materials. Some 40-foot flat containers are suitable for loading up to 45 tons of goods!
3. Open top container
The open-top container has a completely detachable movable roof. This applies to goods that are too high and difficult to load through doors, such as tall machinery or other heavy/bulky finished products, and their handling and loading can only be carried out by cranes or rolling bridges. Tie rings, 20' and 40', are installed on the upper and lower side railings and corner posts of the open-top container to fix the goods.
4. Double-door container
The container has doors at both ends. This type of container is also called "tunnel container". Double-door containers are very helpful for loading and unloading goods quickly. They provide more space for steel and other commodities. Both groups of doors have the same locking components and weatherproof seals to protect the goods from natural disasters.
5. High cube container
Tall containers are similar in structure to general containers, but about 1 ft (=30.48 cm) high. The size of these containers is 40 feet, sometimes 45 feet, and they are used when a little larger capacity is needed. Most high-rise containers have a groove on the floor at the front end, which centers the container on the so-called gooseneck chassis, which enables it to be located in a lower position and have a higher structure.
6. Open container
Side-opening container is very similar to ordinary container, the only difference is that the door can also be completely opened at the side. This function provides more spacious space and access, which is convenient for loading and unloading materials. Side-door containers are usually 20 feet and 40 feet long, which provides enough space for oversized items that cannot pass through ordinary doors.
7.ISO refrigerated containers
ISO containers are used to transport perishable goods that are sensitive to temperature, such as meat, fruits and vegetables. This type of container relies on an external power supply to keep the temperature regulated. Refrigerators are usually 20 feet and 40 feet, and are usually made of weather-resistant steel called "Cor- 10" steel.
8. Insulated container
Like ISO refrigerated containers, insulated or insulated containers have adjustable temperature control, which enables them to withstand higher temperatures. They are equipped with electrical accessories (mechanical compressors) to cool or heat the air in the container. Insulating containers usually consist of vacuum bottles, similar to "thermos bottles". Therefore, they are most suitable for long-distance transportation of food, medicine, organs, blood, biological materials and chemicals.
9. Half-height container
Half-height containers are specially designed for transporting heavy and dense bulk goods. They are suitable for transporting coal, stones and other goods, so they are very suitable for mining. Semi-high containers have lower centers of gravity, so they can handle heavier loads better than high containers, which makes them versatile and strong enough to withstand harsh industrial environment. Half-height containers are also easy to load and unload.
10. Tank container
Tank containers or tankers are made of strong steel or other corrosion-resistant materials, which are used for the transportation of liquid materials and long-life protection. Tank containers must be at least 80% full to prevent dangerous liquid from surging during transportation, but not more than 95%, otherwise there will be insufficient thermal expansion space.
1 1. Exchange body containers.
Exchange is a replaceable container for roads and railways. They are usually used in Europe. Exchange bodies have a foldable top, which makes them suitable for transporting all kinds of goods. Because the exchange body has no upper corner fittings and cannot be stacked, it is limited to land transportation.
The above are 1 1 commonly used marine containers. Common container sizes are listed below, including dry containers, special containers and refrigerated containers.
First, the size of ordinary containers.
20 feet (20 feet steel dry goods container)
40-foot specification (40-foot steel dry goods container)
40' HQ high container specification (40' high cubic steel dry container)
45' HQ high container specification (45' high cubic steel dry container)
Second, the Special Container (special container)
20-foot full-height open top container.
40-foot full-height open-top container (40-foot full-height open-top container)
Specification of 40-foot HQ open-top container (40-foot high cubic open-top container)
20-foot flat-frame container with foldable end.
40-foot flat-frame container with foldable end.
40-foot flat-frame high cubic container.
Third, refrigerated containers.
20 feet. Refrigerated container (20' m G.S.S. transformed container)
40-foot-high refrigerated container (40-foot-high improved container)
The above are the dimensions and specifications of commonly used containers. As an expert in foreign trade for more than ten years, he is still very keen on calculating the number of containers for customers. If it is less than 20 feet, increase it to 20 feet. If it is not finished, it is recommended to put it in a 40-foot container. After all, the more goods are loaded, the greater the value, and then the higher the sales ... Not much to say, I think you know what I mean.
In fact, the origin of containers can be traced back to 1766.
We know that single-point breakthrough is not innovation, but systematic innovation is real innovation, so we will mainly discuss how containers are popularized and applied around the world, that is, the business history of containers.
The founder of container transportation is an American named malcom mclean. People call McClane "the father of containers". But in fact, he was not the first person to invent the container. It was only after the container was used for decades that McClane began to use the container.
You may find it strange that something that has been invented for decades has no technical content. Why is giving it to McClane a new invention that can change the world? This is a better place for McClane.
McLean was originally a truck driver. 1935, McLean Freight Company was founded with his brothers and sisters.
From 65438 to 0952, McClane saw opportunities to cut costs and speed up the transportation of goods. He realized that a standard-sized box could be moved from a truck to a ship, and vice versa, which was much faster than direct delivery, so he began his plan.
He sold the freight company on 1956 and took advantage of legal loopholes to quickly buy Pan American Oil Tanker Company.
As the proud owners of two World War II oil tankers, McClane began to convert them into the world's first container ship. The first ship was SSIDEAL X. On her first voyage as a container ship in April 1956, she transported 58 containers from New Jersey to Texas.
After seeing huge business opportunities? A company is not enough. He felt that he had to buy the parent company of that company and monopolize the shipping business in the Atlantic directly. Therefore, it can be seen that his ambition is great.
And after many tests, the first ISO container was patented in 1956. It is a stackable container, made of steel, uniform in size, anti-theft and easy to load.
The dockers at that time began to go on strike. They realized that it needed less labor to load the container onto the ship. It was this downtime that enabled McLean to improve his design.
McClane's new idea was a great success. He negotiated with new york Port Authority to transform the New Jersey side of the port into a container port. This business will grow steadily in the next decade.
However, when advancing this matter, he found that the problem he was facing was getting bigger and bigger. Financing was a problem, equipment was often broken, and even many people stole containers back to use as houses. In short, although this system has been optimized, the surrounding social systems have not kept up.
So in the first few years, McClane never thought that his company would not make money, so there was nothing he could do. He tried to perfect the system through various careful tactics, and finally he was forced to support it to a turning point. ?
By about 1967, the United States had to transport a lot of goods from the United States to Asia to fight the Vietnam War. The ratio of war is efficiency, so the American government has made various optimizations around this efficiency issue, and finally found the best way to use containers, which is the so-called 3C principle-one container, one cargo, one destination. The English words of these three words all start with C, so they are called 3C principle.
After repeated experiments, only this method is the most effective. Here's McClane's chance to turn over. The year before last, he lost money, but the year after last, he earned 450 million dollars from the US Department of Defense. The whole container boom era really came. ?
Mcclane has experienced more than ten years from the first use of containers, to the maiden voyage of container ships, and then to the use of containers in the whole industry. McClane also encountered many difficulties and even almost went bankrupt.
The above is some basic information about the container. Whether you are engaged in foreign trade-related work or not, I hope it can help you or give you some inspiration. If you find it useful, please forward it or collect it!
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