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In the field of science, perpetual motion machines are generally divided into two categories: the first category claims that once put into operation, it no longer needs to provide energy and can automatically and continuously do work. This kind of perpetual motion machine has been designed since ancient times, and the perpetual motion machine we heard basically belongs to this category. It actually thinks that energy can be created out of nothing, which violates the first law of thermodynamics (law of conservation of energy). Everyone who has taken physics class in middle school knows this rule, so its loopholes are easy to see through. But there are still many people who will not give up. It can be retrieved from China Patent Information Network that there are more than 50 applications for perpetual motion machines since 1985, such as perpetual motion machines with gravity crank, perpetual motion machines with slope and gravity energy, perpetual motion machines with floating weight, perpetual motion machines made of transitional permanent magnets and permanent magnet systems, etc. , are all variants.
Classic design scheme of perpetual motion machine
The second perpetual motion machine does not violate the first law of thermodynamics. It also provides energy for machines, but only absorbs energy from a single uniform heat source (such as ocean and atmosphere). When designing the cycle process of this perpetual motion machine, it is necessary to transfer heat energy from low-temperature objects to high-temperature objects, or to convert heat energy 100% into mechanical energy. This violates the second law of thermodynamics. There are many ways to express the second law of thermodynamics, one of which is more popular: all the actual macro processes related to thermal phenomena in nature are irreversible. People who haven't studied college physics don't understand the laws of thermodynamics, so the second kind of perpetual motion machine is not easy to see through and deceptive. The first such perpetual motion machine was the "Zero Engine" designed by John Genji for the US Navy in 188 1. Suppose that the liquid ammonia in the cylinder absorbs heat and vaporizes from seawater to generate steam to drive the piston, and the ammonia steam cools and condenses into liquid ammonia, and so on. This machine has never been able to complete a cycle (because ammonia vapor can't automatically cool and condense into liquid), but Gamgi managed to sell it to the US Navy, and the US Secretary of the Navy showed it to the US President.
A postcard from Germany made fun of Einstein in the 1920s. Why can't this perpetual motion machine work?
Some perpetual motion machines do not violate the laws of thermodynamics on the surface, but the energy they use is mysterious energy that the scientific community thinks does not exist. In fact, they still want to create energy out of nothing, which belongs to the first kind of perpetual motion machine. Liang Xingren's "perpetual motion machine with universal gravitation energy" belongs to this situation, and its "perpetual motion machine principle" claims not only to overthrow the so-called law of conservation of energy bound by western scientific authority, but also to use the "gravitational beam": "the gravitational beam will accelerate the perpetual motion machine of the earth", and the gravitational beam will be distorted by the computer and applied to any particle to make it naturally make a circular cycle to accelerate the perpetual motion machine. What do these "accelerated gravity" and "gravitational harness" mean? No one knows except Liang Xingren, and no second person can make a "computer" that can distort gravity. In fact, Liang Xingren combined the terms he thought were mysterious and "scientific" and didn't know what they meant-"gravity", "particle" and "computer"-and made up an unintelligible sentence.
From ancient times to the present, there are only two kinds of people who claim to have invented the perpetual motion machine: those who just announce in their mouths and papers that they have designed the perpetual motion machine, who may be poor dreamers who are ignorant (don't know the laws of physics) or paranoid (think that the laws of physics are not valid), and of course they may be liars. And those who create perpetual motion machines and sell them everywhere must be 100% liars. In history, some such swindlers were quite successful and cheated a lot of investments. Even if it is later found that the perpetual motion machine they showed actually hides the energy supply, they can easily find an excuse to escape. Common excuses are persecution by the scientific and technological circles or under the guise of religion.
Liang Xingren claimed that he had made a perpetual motion machine with gravitational energy and a motor vehicle with no fuel and no emission that could be accelerated by gravitational energy, and posted photos of the products on the website, and built a "30,000 kW gravitational energy power generation demonstration plant" in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, covering an area of 100 mu with an investment of 1 100 million yuan. Therefore, it is certain that he is not a naive visionary, but a visionary. The motive of cheating is to defraud huge investment: Liang Xingren claims that the intangible assets invented by Hong Kong International Intangible Assets Appraisal Firm (no information of this firm can be found) are estimated at 654.38+0265 billion US dollars, and if the investment is 654.38+0048 billion US dollars, the net profit will be 654.38+0048 billion US dollars.
This scam is not difficult to expose. Ordinary people may not easily identify the hidden energy source of perpetual motion machine, and they are easily deceived by performance, but it is still easy to judge whether the vehicle is driven by perpetual motion machine. I think there are only two possibilities for the so-called "cosmic gravity can accelerate electric vehicles": one is the car that is not shown in the photo at all; Second, use electric cars to fake. Although electric vehicles are "fuel-efficient and emission-free", they cannot run indefinitely. At present, the most advanced electric vehicle can only run 100 kilometers at a time, and it can be known from a distance. I wonder if any interested journalists are willing to make a field investigation.
There have been many perpetual motion scams in American history, and another one is being staged recently. In recent years, Dennis Lee, an American, has placed large advertisements in national newspapers such as USA-Today and Newsweek, and performed in various parts of the United States, showing his so-called generators that don't need energy. His purpose is to defraud the distribution fee (everyone has to pay $20,000 to get the distribution right) and the booking fee ($ 5-20 per person). Obviously, he made a lot of money. He claimed that there were more than one million subscribers before delivering the machine, and announced the delivery date many times, which was later postponed. Someone in the American scientific community has been exposing him. In response to criticism from the scientific community, he declared: "We are not going to deal with scientists and scientific journals all over the world. We believe that an ordinary person can see the evidence in front of them according to common sense and make his own decision. We believe that you don't need scientists to think for you. " Anti-science people must appreciate this statement. Several States in the United States have taken action to ban him from promoting his products. When encountering the temptation of "free energy", people often become too naive and easily deceived. This is the case in the United States, and so is China. There is a "water to oil" scam that is not better than perpetual motion machine, which has been popular in China for many years and caused economic losses of hundreds of millions of yuan. This requires government departments to pay more attention to such scams.