1658 graphite ore was discovered in Britain, which revolutionized writing tools, although this pen was expensive at that time.
The inventor of the pencil was Austrian Joseph Hardtmuth. He was born in/kloc-0 on February 20th, 752. His father is a carpenter in Asper. Hardtmuth studied the bricklayer's craft in Vienna, later became an architect, and once founded a brick factory.
At that time, the pen used for writing was of poor quality, and he was determined to invent a new pen. He came up with an idea: mix clay with graphite powder, make it into the shape of a refill, and burn it in the fire, so that you can draw traces on the paper.
He added a proper proportion of clay to graphite powder to make pencil lead have a certain hardness. 1792, he set up his own pencil factory in Vienna, and still produces pencils today.
I hope my answer is helpful to you.