At the salvage site, "Changjiang Estuary No.2" is being hoisted out of the river.
At the salvage site, "Changjiang Estuary No.2" is being hoisted out of the river.
Great Discovery of Cultural Relics and Archaeology: Filling the Blank of Ancient Ships in the Late Qing Dynasty
In 20 15, under the guidance of National Cultural Heritage Administration, Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau organized National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center, Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Research Center and other units to carry out underwater archaeological investigation in Hengsha waters of Chongming in the Yangtze River estuary. Through sonar scanning and other technologies, an ancient wooden ship with the archaeological number "Changjiang Estuary No.2" was found. In order to further understand the nature and age of the Yangtze River Estuary No.2 ancient ship, domestic professional institutions such as National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center and Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Research Center have conducted underwater archaeological investigation and multidisciplinary research on this ancient ship every year since 20 16.
Multi-beam Sonar Map of No.2 Ancient Ship in the Yangtze River Estuary
After seven years of underwater archaeological investigation and exploration, the basic situation of the ancient ship No.2 in the Yangtze River estuary has been proved. The ancient ship No.2 at the mouth of the Yangtze River is a wooden sailboat, which can be traced back to the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. The water depth is 8 8- 10/0m, and the hull is buried in 5.5m deep silt, with a remaining length of about 38. 1 m and a width of about 9.9m.. It has been proved that there are 3 1 cabin. The bow, bollards, mainmast and port and starboard of the upper part of the ancient ship are structurally complete. Judging from the current investigation, it is most likely that the sand boat was widely used in Shanghai in the Qing Dynasty. Through the small-scale cleaning of four cabins, exquisite cultural relics such as Jingdezhen kiln porcelain were found in the cabins, and many of them have all been out of the cabin or restored. In addition, a large number of cultural relics, such as purple sand vessels, Vietnamese hookah cans, barrel fragments, masts, large ship materials, iron anchors, brown cables, pulleys and building materials, also appear on the hull and around. In particular, there is a "Tongzhi Year System" on the book at the bottom of the green glaze cup, which provides an important basis for the dating of ancient ships. In 20021and 2022, Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau organized two underwater archaeological institutions to conduct underwater surveys on the No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary and its surroundings, and cleared up large-scale integral pieces that were not found in previous surveys, such as Yuan Dynasty porcelain, a 60 cm-high complete bean green glaze blue-and-white vase, and a batch of ceramics produced in Yixing kiln in Jiangsu.
Ancient ship simulation map
Qing Tongzhi Jingdezhen Kiln Bean Green jiaozi White Blue and White Panasonic Costco Ear Bottle
Qing Tongzhi Jingdezhen Kiln Bean Green Glazed Bowl
Qing Tongzhi Jingdezhen Kiln Pastel Cuizhu Moshi Cup
Qing Tongzhi Jingdezhen Kiln Pastel Erjiachuan Tubei
Qing Tongzhi Jingdezhen Kiln Green Glazed Cup
Qing Dynasty Jingdezhen Tongzhi Kiln Blue and White Variety Ganoderma Cup
Qing Tongzhi Qinghua Tuanlong Cup
/kloc-the green glazed hookah at the mouth of a kiln in Vietnam in the 0/9th century.
It can be said that the Changjiang Estuary No.2 ancient ship is another milestone of underwater archaeology in China, and it is one of the largest, most intact and richest cultural relics found in China and even in the world. It fills the gap in the study of large wooden sailboats in the late Qing Dynasty in China and is a precious cultural heritage. At the same time, the Changjiang Estuary No.2 is also the first ancient ship discovered and investigated by underwater archaeologists in the national underwater cultural relics survey. The integrity of the hull and the rich cultural relics on board are of great significance to the study of shipbuilding history, shipping history, ceramics history and economic history in China and even the world.
Great integration of scientific and technological innovation: the success of the world's first salvage technology
From discovery to underwater investigation to overall salvage, technological empowerment has always been an important way and core driving force to promote the protection of archaeological relics of the No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary. In the Yangtze River estuary, where visibility is almost zero, it is like looking for a needle in a haystack to find underwater cultural heritage. Muddy water environment is an extremely difficult bottleneck in the development of underwater archaeology in China and even in the world. At the beginning of underwater archaeological work, Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau organized archaeologists and scientific and technological workers from National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center, Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Research Center, Shanghai University and Ningbo Base of National Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection to carry out cross-border cooperation and jointly tackle key problems, and independently developed a "muddy water underwater imaging device" with national patents. Developed the "Key Technology and Application of Robot Underwater Archaeological Equipment" and won the second prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Award. It comprehensively used unmanned boats, multi-beam sonar, side-scan sonar, shallow profiler, magnetometer and other marine geophysical equipment to carry out underwater surveys in the waters of the Yangtze River estuary. The integration of scientific and technological innovation has become the most important factor in the discovery of the No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary.
After National Cultural Heritage Administration agreed to adopt the integrated salvage method to protect the ancient ship No.2 in the Yangtze River estuary, Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau and Shanghai Salvage Bureau of the Ministry of Transport integrated the most advanced salvage technology, technical route and equipment manufacturing in the world, and finally developed the world's first "integrated migration technology of curved beam non-contact cultural relics" to salvage this ancient ship. This technology is a brand-new salvage solution based on bold scientific research and technological innovation. It creatively combines nuclear arc beam processing technology, tunnel shield tunneling technology and immersed tunnel docking technology, and adopts the world's most advanced high-tech technologies such as hydraulic synchronous lifting technology and integrated monitoring system. In addition, in order to smoothly and safely lift the caisson formed by the curved beam and escort it to the wharf, a special salvage engineering ship "Struggle Wheel" was creatively designed and built. The main dimension of "Struggle Wheel" is130m, with a width of 34m, a depth of 9m and a draught of 6m. Synchronous lifting devices are installed at both ends, the middle of the ship is open, and there is a moon pool with a length of 56m and a width of 20 m. After the girder crossing is completed, the curved girder caisson is loaded on an ancient ship, which is directly hoisted from the seabed to the Zhongyue Pool by the "Struggle Wheel" and transported to the dock for unloading. One ship completes three tasks of hoisting, transportation and unloading, which has many advantages, such as high safety, strong operability and high technology content.
Dali and the struggling wheel
Intersection of arc beams
Intersection of arc beams
Intersection of arc beams
Intersection of arc beams
On September 6th this year, Dali, the main operation ship of the Yangtze River Estuary No.2 ancient ship salvage project, arrived in the sea area where the ancient ship was located, and formally carried out overall salvage and archaeological protection for the ancient ship. On September 12, the special "end plate-longitudinal beam" combined frame for overall salvage of ancient ships was lowered to the design position. On September 29th, offshore construction entered the stage of installing arc beams, and 22 groups of arc beams 1 group were officially lowered. In June165438+1October 65438+May, the 22nd curved beam passed through the beam. On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/7, the special engineering ship "Endeavour" arrived in the sea area where the ancient ship was located, and the overall salvage water entered a critical stage. After more than 70 days of offshore construction, the ancient ship was successfully salvaged. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the overall salvage of No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary can still be carried out smoothly in 2022. On the one hand, it relies on Shanghai's high-end manufacturing capacity and efficient organizational capacity, on the other hand, it also proves that the first arc beam salvage technology is advanced, stable and safe. These technologies, which were first applied in the field of archaeology and cultural relics protection, fully reflected the integrated development of cultural relics protection and scientific and technological innovation, provided new methods, opened up new ideas and added new cases for the overall salvage mode of underwater archaeology, and provided China concept and China experience for the world's underwater archaeology.
Salvage scene picture
Salvage site in waters of ancient ship ruins
Salvage site in waters of ancient ship ruins