Gateball
Gateball is an outdoor ball game played on flat ground or lawn, using a mallet to hit the ball through an iron gate, also known as croquet. Gateball originated in France, was introduced to England in the 13th century, to Italy in the 17th century, and later to the United States. It was introduced to China in the 1930s and was only included in game classes at Yenching University. Gateball emerged in Japan in 1948 and was promoted as an activity for the elderly in 1970. Croquet takes up less space, saves money, is very safe, has simple technology, short game time, and low amount of exercise, so it is suitable for middle-aged and elderly people to do physical exercises.
Introduction
Gateball is a hybrid of golf and billiards. Not only does it have simple rules, it is easy and fun, it can also stimulate the brain and improve the body and mind. It is currently the most economical and affordable game that is suitable for all ages. new movement. Many elderly people once complained that this society was unfair because consumer goods such as clothing and luxury goods, as well as various health and fitness activities, were all designed for young people, even children. Few people thought that currently The elderly were once the backbone of society and the masters of the country. In fact, this is also true, especially in sports. From intense track and field competitions to ball games, there are almost no activities that the elderly or those with weak bodies can participate in. The activities for the elderly that we are familiar with are either a few Tai Chi exercises in the park early in the morning or dusk, or hand-waving exercises in the streets. However, since the introduction of croquet, the situation has changed. A small group of friends, with simple ball equipment, can play it for an afternoon, which not only achieves the purpose of limb movement, but also has the effect of connecting emotions and entertainment.
Edit the development history of this paragraph
Goalball
[1] Goalball began in France, then called croquet (Croguet), and spread to the United Kingdom. It became very popular after that. In December 1947, it was introduced to Hokkaido, Japan. It was improved and streamlined by Suzuki Kazunobu (for example, each team was changed from six to eight people to five people, the goals were also simplified from six to three; the venue specifications were changed from long to long). Twenty meters wide and fifteen meters wide, with a maximum length of twenty-five meters and a width of twenty meters. It has become the gateball sport (GateBall) that is currently popular in Japan. Kazunobu Suzuki, who originally introduced the gateball sport, originally hoped. Using this kind of gentle exercise to teach children gave Japan the hope of restoring light from the dark era after the defeat. Unexpectedly, as soon as the activity was launched, it was praised and loved by many people, so it was later promoted to female high school students and civil servants. The object of the reward is also very popular, especially the elderly who have never had the opportunity to enjoy sports. After participating, they can't put it down and enjoy it. According to conservative estimates, Japan has a population of seven million croquet so far. This is evident from the popularity of this sport.
Edit the rules of this paragraph
The rules stipulate that when the ball passes through the goal and hits the end post, the game is completed. There are 5 balls each, one red ball and one white ball. Each player hits the red and white balls alternately from No. 1 to No. 10, which is called a "self-ball". The ball number is the same as the player's number, that is, the batter is playing. The number of the ball when the ball passes through one wicket for the first time, and the remaining balls are his balls. If the batsman successfully hits the ball through one wicket, it is called through the first wicket. The player can hit the ball again through the second and third wickets. The same is true. In addition, if the ball successfully passes through the third goal, the player corresponding to the ball number ends the game. If the self-ball touches the other ball when hitting the ball, it is called a collision. Stopping within the line of play, the batter needs to step on the own ball with his foot, put his ball close to it, and then hit the own ball with the mallet to use the impact force to knock out the ball, which is called a blitz. Whether it is a successful hit or a blitz, the batsman will get a follow-up right. Each ball passes through a goal in order and gets 2 points. The player who completes a game will get 5 points. At the end of the game, the scores of each team's players are added up to determine the winner. The player with the highest total score wins. Goalball is a game between two teams of 10 players. Each player has his own ball and hits the ball independently. Cooperative sports.
Edit this section of the gateball field
1. The gateball field is rectangular and is defined by restricted circles without any obstacles. 2. The competition line is 20-25 meters long and wide. 15-20 meters. 3. The limit line is 1 meter outside the competition line. 4. In principle, the competition line is 5 cm wide, and the limit line and other lines must be easy to identify. The size of the field is based on the outer edge of the line. 5. The color of the line and the ground of the field should be easy to identify. 6. The competition line forms 4 outside corners. Starting from the teeing area, in counterclockwise order, they are the 1st corner, the 2nd corner, the 3rd corner, and the 4th corner. 7. The line between angle 1 and angle 2 is line 1; the line between angle 2 and angle 3 is line 2; the line between angle 3 and angle 4 is line 3; angle 4 The line between the 1st corner and the 1st corner is the 4th line. 8. The teeing area is a rectangle, with the side lines consisting of the 4th line and its outer line, and the vertical distances of 1 meter and 3 meters from the 1st corner to the 4th corner. Line composition. Note: The size of the field, the width and color of the lines, etc. are determined by the competition organizing committee.
Edit the referee rules in this paragraph
Requirements for referees
< p>1． You must study and practice regularly to continuously improve and consolidate your professional capabilities. (Especially national-level referees who have passed the exam should study harder and continuously improve their refereeing skills. They must not let it go.) ① Strictly keep time. (Come early and leave late) ② Be neat and tidy in appearance and clothing. It is required that the clothing of the players on the court should be uniform, and the referees themselves must be uniform to establish a good image of goalball. Goalball③ The refereeing is strictly in accordance with the textbook standards and does not engage in local food stamps and land reform policies. ④In practice, there are often new problems that are not often encountered. Only with proficient professional knowledge and rich experience can we correctly analyze and solve some specious problems. Therefore, we must continue to study the rules and sum up experience. ⑤Standing position. 04 The referee law has clarified the five cooperation principles of referees. The first is to observe clearly: choose the best position to observe. This is very important. (Did you not hit the kick-off area when passing a goal? When you blitzed, did you only hit your foot or did you hit your foot and the ball at the same time?) ⑥ Concentrate and react quickly ⑦ Control the entire court and control the game. (Process Notes 3) 2. Treat each other with sincerity and a kind attitude. As the saying goes, "A kind word warms you for three winters, but a bad word hurts you for six months." The same goes for the referee's words. Therefore, first of all, you must be humble. Secondly, you must learn some psychology and be able to express your thoughts appropriately, so that even if you are sentenced to death, they will not be disgusted. (There are three things to say, the best is to say it skillfully). Moreover, this is not only true for myself, but also for other referees. While watching the game, you are not allowed to discuss or evaluate the decisions of other referees. You must "watch the game without saying a word" and communicate if you have any questions. This is a discipline of the referee team. 3. Exercise to keep your energy and stamina strong.
Referee’s workflow
1. Preparation before the game ① Check the venue. (There are four factors that determine the outcome of goalball: technology, tactics, psychology, and venue.) In the past, we had to look at the terrain before fighting. The principle is the same. At this time, the referee should pay attention to whether the lines on the four sides are stable or not, whether the door and pillars are firm or not, whether there is a goal line, whether the kick-off area is correct, and make temporary regulations in special circumstances (a big tree), etc. What coaches should pay attention to is to check whether the field is flat and use their brains. Sijiao squatted down and watched. If you master this information in advance and prepare carefully before the game, you will have a greater chance of winning the game. ②The referee must confirm the qualifications of the participating players to see if there are any illegal players. Once this level is ignored, both sides are responsible and the batting order list is the basis of the game and everything will be based on this. Even if a player's name is written in the order book, he will not be allowed to participate in the game if he is not filled in the order list for this game. ③Choose to attack. (Square diagram) We can see that his square arrangement is exactly one round away from our fixed number 1 and other counterclockwise rotating arrangements. In other words, our first round is their second round (generally, in international competitions, there are no more than 4 teams in the first stage of the group cycle, and domestic competitions are governed by the 04 Referee Law.) Another one is that the international referee law specifies that the left The captain first chooses the pros and cons. The advantage of this is that the task is clear, but the disadvantage is that the number of choices varies, which seems unfair. Examples of how to decide to attack first and attack second: l If you decide to attack first and then attack by picking coins, the method is as follows.
Four-team league a, b, c, d (round robin) Game 1a:b Game 2c:d Goal kick
Game 5d:a Game 6b:c Game 3c :a. Game 4b:d. The captain of the team on the left picks heads or tails, and then the referee picks the coin. Game 1: 1:2. Game 2: 3:4. The captain of the team with the smaller number (1 and 3 in this example) picks the coin. Heads or tails. If the lottery method is used, the above method will not be followed. ④Inspection: Before the game, the referee must summon the players from both sides to the inspection office for inspection. The first thing to do here is to confirm the batting order by the scorer, the second is to check the bat, and the third is to check the clothing. Fourth, the referee should remind some things to pay attention to: when passing a goal to press the kick-off area, pay attention for 10 seconds, pay attention to stopping before picking up the ball, etc. These are areas where disputes tend to arise in the game. 2. Once the preparations are complete, everyone is in place. ①Placement of the ball. At this time, the ball is placed outside the restriction line at an appropriate distance, because the players of both sides stand outside the restriction line after entering the game. ②Basic position at the start of the game. When the referee hears "game starts", he calls number one and runs to the corner. The assistant referee maintains a diagonal line with the referee about two meters behind the first goal, and the scorer is on the first line. For the purpose of officiating, you can also stand according to the 04 referee method. Because referees A and B have to change, the deputy referee will stand directly in one corner. After the referee calls, he will change to referee B and observe whether the ball actually passes through No. 1 next to the goal. The goalkeeper reduces the running route; the scorer stands outside the second line facing the first goal and can assist in stopping out-of-bounds kicks. ③Replace seats. 3. The game begins. (omitted) 4. Things to note at the end of the game: The final phase of a goalball match is often the most intense. In just a few seconds, one shot can often determine and reverse the outcome of a game. At this time, the referee must be highly concentrated, and all links must be in accordance with the regulations, no more or less. Be careful not to comment on the performance of the players, and the captains of both sides must not comment on the performance of the other player. In addition, I would like to emphasize that if the referee does not hear it after the game time is announced, even calling for a red ball in the next round will be invalid. The vice referee and the recorder should remind and correct it in time. And the coach cannot obey this. 5. The main thing that should be reminded here when confirming the score and determining the outcome is: when the two sides stand in line after the game, the referee should not announce the score immediately after taking the score sheet from the scorer. He should verify and confirm it and correct it later if it is wrong. Very troublesome. 6. Tie-decision has been implemented by everyone for many years, so I won’t go into details one by one. Here are a few important reminders: ① Organize your team quickly to avoid delays. ② The ball must not be intercepted after it has passed one goal. It must be picked up when everyone thinks it will not go out of bounds. ③In the first two rounds, batters are free to choose where to hit the ball, and starting from the third round, the referee will position the ball. There is one more detail here. In the first round of passing, China placed the ball that passed the goal within the competition line and the ball that did not pass the goal outside the line. The international version is to put the ball that has passed the wicket out of the way, and the ball that has not passed the wicket is returned to the batsman. 7. Full score: 8. Disqualification from the competition. Disqualification from the competition is divided into three situations: abstention, refusal to compete and ineligibility to participate (illegal playing). In practice, the first situation (abstention) is easier to implement, but the second and third situations require caution. In the second situation, a team's refusal to play is probably because there was a dispute on the field and it was difficult to reach consensus. At this time, the referee can announce a timeout and do the persuasion work first, and then deal with it if it is not possible. The third type of ineligibility means that a person is found on the field who is not on the team's roster, or is on the roster but has not been filled in the batting order list for this game. This situation occurs because the players change their bib number without permission, or pretend to apply for a replacement number and deceive the referee. No matter what happens, once discovered, the entire team will be disqualified and the opponent will be awarded the victory. Goalball
9. Dealing with obstacles to the game. Regarding this issue, it is usually dealt with in two steps. In general, a warning will be given for violations; in serious cases, penalties will be imposed directly. At present, there is still a lack of specific implementation standards in practice. Referees are requested to carefully grasp this degree. When revising the rules in the future, it is recommended to introduce an implementation standard.
Job responsibilities of the chief and vice-president
1. Position: The main task of referee A is to be responsible for people, and the main task of referee B is to be responsible for the goal. In addition to the call sign being the exclusive property of the referee, other general situations on the field (except for special circumstances, such as interrupting the game, disqualifying someone from the competition, etc.), the decision-making process, and the running positions of the referee and deputy referee can be exchanged at any time according to the situation. 2. Call Signs and Movements The referee is responsible for the call signs, which requires the referee to have a wide field of vision and good observation skills.
A national-level referee should not need the deputy referee to indicate the position of the next number at all. If ①②④ are all in my left and right vision with my peripheral vision, then ③ should be behind me. In addition, you must have the ability to judge. I see that the speed and direction of the ball will no longer change, and then call the next number to reduce the number of referees. 3. Batter: A player who enters the game after being called by the referee is called a batsman. When the ball he hits does not go through the wicket, has no impact, out of bounds, full score, or foul, the right to bat ends. This means that during the period from the call sign to the end of the right to bat, the batter has his own rights and can ask the umpire for confirmation on some situations, and the umpire must respond. Answers should be quick and concise, because the time to answer is counted within 10 seconds. However, if you are not sure whether the ball on the goal line is a ball in front of the goal or behind the goal, and you need to ask the scorer, then the time spent by the referee to ask the scorer will be the referee's time and will not be counted within 10 seconds. This also fully reflects the principle of humanization and is relatively reasonable. 4. Passing a wicket Passing a ball through a wicket consists of three key points: "hitting the ball in the teeing area", "passing the wicket" and "stopping in bounds". Each of the three points is indispensable. The first point is to hit the ball from the tee area. The tee area is an area of ??two square meters from the outer edge of the competition line to the outer edge of the limit line. As long as even a little projection of the ball is placed in the tee area and the ball is hit, it is a good shot. If the ball is not placed in the teeing area, it should be repositioned. Repositioning must be done with your hands. If you use your feet or bat to place it, it will be a foul. However, due to the conditions of the teeing area, the ball is touched. The batter's bat or foot is not a foul. There is a question of who takes the initiative, whether I touch the ball or the ball touches me. The referee must see clearly. The second point is to pass one door. Here, attention should be paid to the trapezoidal area from the teeing area to the first door and if there is a ball within 7.5 cm behind the first door, it can be temporarily removed. Otherwise, it cannot be moved. In view of this, some coaches thought of a blocking tactic. This is a special case under special circumstances and involves certain risks, so it should be used with caution. The third key point is "stop in bounds". This means that the ball can only be declared as a goal if it stops within the bounds. 5. The coordination and decision-making of the movements of the referee and the referee. I believe that the coordination of movements of the referee and the referee is an art. This requires communication and tacit understanding, and requires both people to have vision and understanding. A good referee can understand the situation tacitly with a look or a hint. For example, in a collision at close range, both people will judge or neither will judge. At this time, as long as the two of them look at each other in advance, you will understand with a look, a gesture or half a step back. Sentence. If there is not enough time, referee A can slow down by half a beat. If referee B does not make a decision, he will immediately make up the stage and announce the decision immediately. Gateball competition
How to cooperate tacitly cannot be taught by textbooks alone. You must explore it yourself in practice, so as to create more and more reasonable division of labor. 6. Blitz: Let’s focus on how the ball hits multiple balls and sticks together. ①First ask the referee for confirmation. Only after confirmation can you remove the ball yourself. If the referee determines that three balls were hit but two balls are close together and one ball has a gap, then you can only move and flash those close balls first. ②Now, the referee has determined and answered that the three balls were closely connected together, and you can move the other balls by yourself. The instructions on page 26 of the rules say that you can remove them one by one; you can also remove two at a time, but one must be left behind. When picking up the ball, it is not a foul if it causes the movement of other closely connected balls and the ball is returned to its original position. ③The description of the box on page 27 of the rules cites blitzing fouls on multiple other balls at the same time. The second situation listed is a foul on picking up multiple struck balls at the same time. Someone wrote to ask: Page 26 of the rules says that two balls can be picked up and taken away at the same time, but page 27 says that picking up multiple balls at the same time is a foul. Don’t these two pages contradict each other? In fact, these two are not the same thing. On page 27, it is a foul to pick up multiple hit balls at the same time. The first is that multiple balls are hit without close contact. The batter can only pick up the ball one by one, but if Just like playing tennis, if you pick up the balls all at once, put them in your pocket, and then take them out one by one, you won't have to run back and forth, but that's a foul. The second is to hit three balls and stick them closely together. You can remove the balls and then flash them. You can take them one by one, or you can grab two and take them away, but one must be left behind. Picking up the ball at this time is divided into two steps: the previous picking up the ball is temporarily removed, their work is not finished yet, and these balls will be processed again (blitz) later; the last ball picking up is a blitz, and must be Do it all at once. The properties of picking up the ball before and after are different.
At this time, if you do not take two steps and pick up three closely-attached balls at once like playing tennis as mentioned earlier, it is considered "picking up multiple hit balls at the same time" and it is a foul. Therefore, it doesn't matter how many of the multi-ball sticks you pick up at one time as mentioned on page 27, as long as you have one left. If there are no more balls left, it will be a foul for "picking up multiple hit balls at the same time". Third, after the ball successfully hits several balls, if it comes into contact with one of the hit balls, you should blitz the ball in contact first, and not blitz the uncontacted ball. Otherwise, it will also be classified as "picking up multiple hit balls at the same time." ", counts as a foul, ④ If the ball temporarily placed by the batter has an impact on his blitz, the referee can place the ball in another location. The time the referee takes to change the position of the ball is the referee's time and does not count for ten seconds. ⑤ If the referee does not have time to change the ball, and your flash ball touches the temporarily removed ball, then the subsequent movement of the flash ball and the temporarily removed ball will be invalid. The referee takes the blitzed ball back and places it where it touched the ball, takes the temporarily removed ball back and puts it away, and then picks it up for the second blitz. Special reminder to everyone, because it is clear that the movement of the blitzing ball after hitting the temporarily placed ball is invalid, so the batsman we discussed in the previous paragraph will temporarily remove the ball and place it 10 centimeters in front of the goal. The blitzing ball will skillfully pass the goal at position zero. The idea is invalid. ⑥If there is a ball attached to the goalpost, and it moves away due to the vibration of the goalpost, there are three situations and three treatment methods: it is caused by the ball, it is valid; it is caused by the person, it is invalid; it is caused by the hammer, it is invalid. foul. It should be emphasized that the vibration during the blitz caused the ball to move and must be restored to its original position. 7. The ball goes out of bounds and foul ball ① The out-of-bounds decision is completed by the second referee, which means that the second referee steps on the ball outside the game line and then makes an out-of-bounds gesture and the command "X out of bounds". This point is more scientific because it can be seen most clearly. Another point to emphasize is that if the ball rolls back into the boundary after it goes out of bounds, it will still be deemed to be out of bounds. ② A foul ball is a ball placed 10 cm outside the boundary by the referee after the ball goes out of bounds or is fouled. A batter is not allowed to collide with any inbound or outbound ball when hitting a foul ball. Doing so will constitute a foul. (Encountering an invalid moving ball is a different matter.) 8. Full marks (omitted) 9. Replacement and missing personnel ①Replacement. When the referee calls number ②, the coach or captain proposes "substitution number ②". After the referee confirms the record, he can announce a "substitution" and let him come on to bat. Substitute players must wear the bib number of the player they are replacing. Furthermore, if the referee discovers that the player hitting the ball is an ineligible substitute, he will restore the ball to its original position, ask the player to leave the field, and declare the ball invalid. Let me explain, this ineligible substitute is different from the ineligibility mentioned above. He is listed in the batting order for this game and is on the books. Here, he either did not go through the substitution procedures or played again, which is an invalid game. ②Shortage of players The handling of games with missing players is subject to the provisions of the Referee Law, but it is worth mentioning that if the coach and captain propose substitutions and absences of players at the same time, the coach's request will be implemented first. 10. Time-out Goalball equipment
Only the head referee has the right to declare a "time-out". Other referees have no authority to make announcements. Each scorer must be equipped with a timer so that time can be measured separately in the event of an unexpected timeout.
Responsibilities of recordkeeper
1. Fill out the record sheet. After receiving the batting order list from both captains, fill in the relevant columns before the game starts. ①The game time is recorded in 24-hour format. ②Write the referee’s name in advance. (In our country, the referee and the vice referee sign their own signatures afterwards. This would be better. The referee can check it again and confirm that it is correct before signing. This reduces the error and the *** takes responsibility.) ③ Mark the captain’s number Circle (substitution can also be made by the captain. There is also a small slash in the substitute column, the substitute number is above the slash, and the number of the substituted player is below the slash. ④Indicate the timeout time and restart time in the remarks column. In The second substitution of players with the same number should also be noted in the remarks column. (See the record sheet for details.) 2. There are 15 minutes left, 10 minutes left, and the final announcement. I think the three words used in the announcement are good. The shorter the better. In the future, "time is up" or a gong or a whistle can be used to make the end of the game clear and the referee's call signal to stop at the right time. The refereeing law stipulates that each announcement shall be made twice, and the first announcement shall prevail. 3. Cooperate with the referee on the basis of doing his job well. ① Answer the situation of the referee pressing the goal line ball. Assist in handling throw-in balls (usually standing at the far end of the A and B referees. There is also a tacit understanding with them to maintain a diagonal line.
In order to observe the peripheral situation and handle the foul ball in a timely manner, it can reduce the referee's time. ) ③Remind and correct the referee’s mistakes on the field.