NTFS is the standard file system of Windows NT and higher versions of Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server2008, Windows Vista and Windows 7. NTFS replaced the file allocation table (FAT) file system and provided a file system for Microsoft's Windows operating system. NTFS has made some improvements to FAT and HPFS (High Performance File System), such as supporting metadata, using advanced data structures to improve performance, reliability and disk space utilization, and providing some additional extended functions, such as access control list (ACL) and file system log. The detailed definition of this file system is a trade secret, but Microsoft has registered it as an intellectual property product.
Second, fat.
FAT is a File Allocation Table (acronym: FAT), which is a file system invented by Microsoft and partially patented by MS-DOS, and is also used by all non-NT kernel Microsoft windows.
FAT file system was supported by almost all personal computer operating systems because the computer performance was limited and not complicated at that time. This feature makes it an ideal file system for floppy disks and memory cards, and is also suitable for data exchange in different operating systems. Now generally speaking, fat refers to FAT32.
Third, FAT32
FAT32 is a partition format of hard disk in Windows system. This format uses a 32-bit file allocation table, which greatly enhances its ability to manage disks and breaks through the limitation of 2 GB per partition in FAT 16. Because the production cost of hard disk is decreasing, the capacity is increasing. After using the partition format of FAT32, we can define a large hard disk as a partition without dividing it into several partitions, which greatly facilitates the management of the disk. However, because FAT32 partition can't store a single file larger than 4GB, its performance is poor, and it is prone to disk fragmentation. It has been replaced by the better NTFS partition format.
Fourth, exFAT
ExFAT is a file system suitable for flash memory launched by Microsoft in Windows Embeded 5.0 and above (including Windows CE 5.0, 6.0, Windows Mobile5, 6, 6. 1). It was launched to solve the problem that FAT32 and other files do not support 4G and above. For flash memory, NTFS file system is not suitable for use, but exFAT is more suitable.