1. Monitor troubleshooting methods:
(1) Display blurred screen: replace damping diode or cathode ray tube
(2) Monitor green screen or red screen , Blue screen: Poor monitor contact or the graphics card is not plugged in tightly
2. Keyboard and mouse troubleshooting methods:
(1) Keyboard connection does not reflect: pins are crooked or broken, line segments
p>
(2) Mouse connection does not reflect: pins are crooked or folded, line segments, left and right key pulleys are deviated
3. Power and hot start button troubleshooting methods:
( 1) The power button does not work well: the jumper is not connected or the best power management setting is used
(2) The hot start button does not work well: there is too much dust or the jumper is not connected (reset)
< p>4. Front USB, earphone and microphone troubleshooting methods:(1) The front USB is not easy to use: virtual connection burns the USB flash drive and USB port or there is too much dust
( 2) The front earphones and microphones do not work well: the line is not connected or there is too much dust
5. The power light jumper is pwrled
6. Mainboard troubleshooting method:
< p>(1) The memory module slot is burned: virtual connection, plugging and unplugging are charged (cannot be repaired)(2) The CPU slot is broken: plugging and unplugging are done with excessive force (cannot be repaired)
(3) The IDE interface is broken: disable it in the device manager
(4) The PCI slot is broken: connect a multi-function card
(5) The main control chipset is broken: replace it Motherboard
7. Hard drive troubleshooting methods:
(1) Hard drive bad sectors: the computer cannot be turned on, and you will hear a garbled garbled sound when entering the system; solution: Use the MHDD or SCANDISK command in pure DOS to repair
(2) The hard disk steel belt is broken: replace
(3) The storage capacity becomes smaller: use the hard disk in pure DOS to regenerate drive command
(4) The disk cannot be read due to excessive fragmentation: clean up the garbage or format it
8. Optical drive troubleshooting methods:
(1) No Reading disk: caused by aging or dust in the optical drive head; solution: cleaning
(2) optical drive deformation: correction
(3) not recognizing the optical drive: IDE interface data cable problem , change the data cable
(4) There is a conflict between the optical drive and the hard disk: change two data cables
9. Memory module troubleshooting method:
(1 ) Keeps beeping when starting up: There is dust or it is not plugged in properly. Clean the dust and reinsert it
(2) The memory module is damaged or burnt. Virtual connection: Replace the memory module
10. Graphics card failure Solution:
(1) Black screen: The graphics card is broken or the mouse and keyboard are plugged in backwards; change the graphics card and make sure the connection is correct
(2) Huaping screen: The parameters are not enough; change the parameters to larger values
p>
11. Sound card troubleshooting methods:
(1) No sound: The sound card has no driver; drive the sound card
(2) Low sound: The driver does not match; uninstall and reinstall Driver
(3) Intermittent sound: Headphone or audio problem
(4) Sharp sound: Wrong adjustment in the volume controller; adjust correctly
(5) How to check whether the sound card has a driver: Sound and Audio Devices in the Control Panel, check whether the words are grayed out
(6) How to solve the problem of low sound: Control Panel, Realtek HD Audio Configuration, cancel mute, and Turn the sound to the highest level,
(7) How to deal with the shrill sound: Double-click the small speaker, unmute, and adjust the volume to the middle.
12. How to deal with network card faults:
(1) Not recognized: not plugged in or blocked in BIOS
(2) Network card conflict: IP address conflict; change IP address
(3 ) The network card is integrated but does not recognize the network card: there is something wrong with the network card crystal head; change the network cable or use a separate network card
(4) There is no local connection, create a new user, delete the current user, log out,
< p>13. CPU troubleshooting methods:(1) The fan does not rotate: often crashes; solution: oil or replace the fan
(2) No sound, no image , No display: The connection between the CPU socket and the motherboard is short-circuited or
Or the CPU is damaged
14. Modem fault handling method:
(1) 678 error: server or modem error
(2) 619 error: phone line busy Or arrears
(3) 691 error: The network card is disabled or the user name and password are incorrect
(4) 645 error: The network card does not exist, but it is not disabled or the network card driver level is wrong
(5) 797 error: Modem power is not turned on
15. The first computer was born at the University of Pennsylvania in February 1946
16 , The language compiler is in: C:/Windows/ime
17. The font library is in: C:/Windows/fonts
How to install the font library: Copy the font to the font library or file ——Install new fonts; you can reduce the weight of the registry and do not allow deletion of all fonts. T is the font, A is the internal font O is the font style
ime is the language compiler
18. Several situations in which the language bar is lost:
(1) The language bar is hidden
(2) Check to turn off the advanced text options
(3) The language compiler is damaged
19. Bus categories: address bus, data bus, control bus
The data bus is divided into: IDE (41-pin) interface and SATA (4-pin) interface
Data bus precautions: Do not use excessive force when plugging or unplugging, and do not twist or twist to plug or pull out
20. Motherboard slot:
AGP (graphics card) plug-in slot, PCI (sound card, network card, graphics card, video capture card, graphics accelerator card, recovery card) slot, CPU socket, memory slot, power interface
21. Mainboard composition:
(1) Various chips, CPU sockets, memory slots, expansion slots, data communication buses for transmitting data between various devices, power supply fan interfaces
(2) Central processing unit, memory stick, cache , total control circuit, bus converter, BIOS, CMOS, always control frequency, interface circuit, expansion slot, PCI slot, AGP slot, CNR slot
I/O control chip: connect input and output Equipment
The chip with ITE is the input and output chip
L2CACHE L2 cache, two claws with one claw
The CPU is square
< p>All missing corners are control chipsetsThe north bridge is in the CPU, and the notebook south bridge is easy to break
IDE interfaces (two): IDE1, IDE2
< p>External US power supplies are divided into: 16-pin, 20-pin, 24-pin,New printers connected to USB interface
Electronic fusion, resistors, and square chips are used
< p>USB front jumper control, rear chassis internal control22. Main control chipset troubleshooting method:
The main control chipset is divided into south bridge and north bridge
p>(1) Faults caused by a broken south bridge chip: rear USB is not available, IDE interface is not available, 24-pin/20-pin power interface is not available, keyboard and mouse are not available, CMOS battery life is short , The notebook's integrated sound card is unavailable
(2) Failures caused by a broken Northbridge chip: the CPU often does not match the cache, the graphics card does not match the data error correction, and the type of power management is not allowed to be changed.
23. BIOS troubleshooting methods:
(1) How to restore BIOS factory values ??and upgrade BIOS: boot into CMOS and BIOS and select restore BIOS initialization settings
(2) Upgrade BIOS: You must have BIOS upgrade software. During the upgrade process, you cannot move the keyboard or mouse, do not have a power outage, and the BIOS label cannot be torn
(3) The BIOS is set correctly: you can see the system information and CPU temperature. (System Hardware Monitor)
(4) There are several ways to enter the BIOS: 1. F2 2. DEL 3. Ctrl+F1 4. F10
F2 enters the BIOS setting main interface Settings (Main):
1. System Date
)
2. System Time
3. Floppy Drives (Floppy Drives) ① Floppy Drive (Floppy Drive A has a floppy drive option of 1.44) ② Floppy Drive can be exchanged (Floppy Drive Swap) ③Floppy Drive Seek
4. IDE drive settings (IDE Devices) ①Whether the optical drive, hard disk, and recorder are installed correctly (Primary IDE Master)
②PCI Whether the IDE of the slot is available (PCI IDE BusMaster) ③ Other hard disk detection (S.M.A.R.T. for Hard Disks)
5. BIOS model (BIOS Version)
6. CPU type ( Processor Type)
7. CPU main frequency (Processor Speed)
8. Level 1 cache size (L1 Cache Size)
9. Level 2 cache The size of the cache (L2 Cache Suze)
10. The size of the memory (Total Memory)
11. Which socket the memory module is plugged into (DDR)
F2 Enter BIOS Settings Advanced Settings (Advamced)
1. Chipset Configuration (Chipset Configuration)
①AGP Mode (AGP Mode)
②AGP Size (AGP Aperture Size)
③PCI slot graphics card is turned on or off (PCI Delay Transaction)
④USB is available (USB Controller)
⑤USB driver checks whether the removable disk is available (USB Device Legacy Support)
2. PCI slot settings (Resource Configuration)
①How many bits of the graphics card (PCI Latency Timer PCI Clocks)
②PCI and AGP starts which graphics card first (Primary Graphics Adapter)
3. Peripheral Configuration (Peripheral Configuration)
①Both IDE ports work well (OnBoard IDE) and both work well. , select the second option IDE1 for easy use, select the third option IDE2 for ease of use
②Whether the network card works well (OnBard LAN)
③Whether the sound card works well (OnBoard AC'97 Audio ) Auto Enabled, the automatic drive works just fine, Disabled does not work even if it is driven or not
4. CPU parameters (viewed by System Hardware Monitor and cannot be changed) CPU temperature, main frequency, voltage, and current
F2 enters the BIOS settings password setting (Security)
1. Set Supervisor Password (Set Supervisor Password) Select the supervisor password when booting
2. User password ( Set User Password) Do not set it
3. Set the power-on password or BIOS password switch (Password Check)
Select Setup to set the BIOS password and select Always to set the power-on password
< p>F2 Enter BIOS to set up power management (Power)1. Minimize power management (Suspend To RAM), select Disabled and cannot be used, select Auto to be automatic
2. Wake up power management ( Restore on AC/Power Loss) Select Power ON to boot without pressing the power button
3. Keyboard boot (Ring-I
n Power On), select Enabled to enable keyboard power on
4. Any key to power on (PS/2 Keyboard Power On) must be used with the keyboard to power on
5. Power on card (PCI Devices Power On) )
6. Delay the boot for a few seconds (RTC Alarm Power On) by selecting Enabled and you can select the delay for a few seconds below
F2 to enter the BIOS settings and boot settings (Boot)
< p>1. Quick Boot Mode keyboard three-light self-test2. Whether Num Lock is available (Boot Up Num-Lock)
3. Minimized booting System (Boot To OS/2)
4. Change the system switch (Boot From Network) to Enabled through the server (Boot To OS/2)
5. Boot Device Priority
①The first boot disk (1st)
②The second boot disk (2nd)
③The third boot disk (3rd)
④The fourth boot disk (4th)
⑤Other boot drives (Try Other Boot Devices)
F2 to enter the BIOS settings and exit (Exit)
1. F10 Exit Saving Changes
2. Exit ESC without saving (Exit Discarding Changes)
3. Call initialization settings (Load Default Settings)
4. Call the optimized BIOS settings (Discard Changes)
DEL enters the BIOS settings
1. Standard CMOS settings (Standard CMOS Features)
① Date (Date)
② Time (Time)
③ Whether the hard disk, optical drive, and recorder are installed correctly (IDE Channel 0 Master)
④ Floppy disk drive (Drive A) Set to 1.44
⑤Check the monitor working mode (Video) LCD CGA40.CGA80 Desktop EGA/VGA
⑥How to boot into the system (Halt On)
p>Select All Errors and all errors can enter the system
Select No Errors and all errors cannot enter the system
Select All, But Keyboard all errors except keyboard and mouse errors Can enter the system externally
Select All, But Diskette can enter the system except for detection errors
Select All, But Disk-Kty can enter the system except all boot and keyboard errors< /p>
2. Basic input and output BIOS device settings (Advanced BIOS Features)
①CPU settings (CPU Feature)
②Motherboard anti-virus protection (Virus Warning)
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③Quick Power On Self Test
④The Num Lock light can be used (Bot up NumLock status)
⑤Minimize the system (Gate A20 Option )
⑥Typemtic Rate Setting
⑦BIOS password and power-on password switch (Security Option)
⑧Advanced power management mode (APIC Mode)
⑨Full Screen and Small Screen Call (Full Screen Logo Show)
⑩Boot Settings (Boot Seq
Floppy Setup)
One first boot disk (First)
Two second boot disk (Second)
Three third boot disk (Third)
Four other boot disks (Boot Other Drive)
Five swap floppy drives (Swap Floppy Drive)
Six boot up floppy drives (Boot Up Floppy Seek)
Floppy (floppy drive) Ls120 (120 serial hard drive) HDD (hard drive) SCSI (scan) CDROM (optical drive) HDD-1 (second hard drive) HDD-2 (third hard drive) ZIP100 (USB flash drive) USB -FDD (USB flash drive) USB-ZIP (USB flash drive) USB-CDROM (USB optical drive) USB-HDD (USB hard drive) LAN (network) DISOBLED (off)
3,
24. Computer temperature and humidity
(1) Temperature: 15°~30°
(2) Humidity: 30%~70%
25 , Level 2 cache
(1) CACHE is divided into two modes: WB write-back, WT write-through
26, motherboard power socket
(1) Divided into: AT (16-pin), ATX (20-pin, 24-pin)
27, I/O interface
(1) Power interface, power interface, speaker interface, power supply Indicator light, keyboard lock interface, speed switch, indicator light interface, reset interface, USB interface, IDE1 interface, IDE2 interface, PS/2 connection mouse, COM or IED old-fashioned connection mouse, CNRS2 is a built-in modem, LPT connection printer
28. Memory stick
(1) The quality of the memory stick: The more pins the memory stick has, the better the performance of the memory stick, and the larger the storage capacity of the memory stick, the better (Golden Finger pointed out Do not touch it with your hands)
(2) Methods to remove static electricity: Ground the chassis and discharge when repairing the machine
(3) Memory modules are divided into: static random access memory , dynamic random access memory
(4) What is a gold finger: the positive and negative lines corresponding to the motherboard memory slot are added together and are called one line
(5) Breakdown method: virtual Continue
(6) The identification of the memory module: the words on the chip block
(7) Commonly used instruments for assembling computers: Phillips screwdriver, test pen, needle-nose pliers
(8) The working voltage of the memory module: 3V~5V
(9) Methods to identify the memory module: polishing with fine sandpaper, piecing it together, and measuring light (side voltage)
< p>(10) The working voltage of the memory module: 168 lines is 5V, 184 lines is 3.5V29. CPU
(1) The speed of the CPU determines the work of the computer Speed
(2) CPU has three right angles and one leading right angle
(3) CPU packaging and bulk packaging
(4) The higher the main frequency, the better the performance
(5) Main frequency = FSB is the hard disk * Multiplier is the memory module
(6) The main frequency of the CPU is nanoseconds (60*60*60*60)< /p>
30. Monitor
(1) True color and false color of LCD: True color reaches 256, false color dead pixels exceed 3 indicators
(2 ) CRT types: Before driving, there were single-color and two-color: EDA. 2 colors: single color: MDA, 256 colors: VDA.
(3) The graphics card does not have a driver. Select the MHz in the monitor in the settings and do not allow the value to be adjusted.
(4) 17 inches: can be increased to 320mmX240mm, the maximum resolution can be Reach: 1280X1024
31. ROM is read-only memory, RAM is random access memory, random memory module in RAMDAC display card, RC optical drive, RW recorder,
32. Bus points They are: control bus (CB) address bus (AB) data bus (DB)
33. Slot
(1) ISA slot: a 16-wire black slot. , you can connect the sound card and network card.
(2) EISA slot: A 32-wire brown slot that can accommodate ISA cards.
(3) MCA slot: Connect to IBM's patented products.
(4) VESA slot: Brown slot 32 lines.
(5) PCI: white slot 32 lines.
(6) AGP slot: 5PCI parallel is slightly shorter than PCI (brown).
34. Monitors are divided into: spherical monitors and liquid crystal monitors
(1) The highest resolution of a 15-inch color screen is 800X600 pixels
(2) 17 Color screen, the highest resolution is 1024X768.
(3) 17 flat screen, the highest resolution is 1280X1024
(4) 17 LCD, the highest resolution is 1280 Set the monitor's DPI: Desktop Properties - Settings - Advanced - Custom DPI settings (98 to 99)
35. How to set the computer's power saving: Setting a screen saver can save the monitor's power 2 /3
36. Routine maintenance of monitor?
(1) If the integrated graphics card is broken, buy an independent graphics card, and then disable the integrated graphics card (the monitor allows hot plugging and unplugging): Window+Bausebreak - Device Manager - Display Card - —Disable
A red or blue screen on the monitor indicates a virtual connection or the assembly diode is broken
If there is any conflict between the graphics card and the memory module: the hard disk light on the chassis is always on If red, there is a conflict
How to save power on the graphics card (must be when there is no conflict between the graphics card and the memory module): Right-click on the desktop - Properties - Screen Saver - Power - Minimum Power Management ( If it is set, you cannot watch video files)
(2) The voltage of the monitor should be consistent with the US power supply voltage (220V).
The working voltage of a few original monitors and second-hand monitors is 110V.
(3) The back of the monitor cannot be disassembled.
(4) When unplugging the socket, do not pull the wire as it may cause a short circuit.
(5) Try to avoid overheating the monitor, do not place it on beds, sofas, carpets, or grease to prevent blocking the monitor’s vents.
(6) The temperature of the display is 0C-40C and the humidity is 10%-80%.
(7) Do not expose it to water or rain. If the monitor gets water, turn it upside down and open the back of the monitor, then use a cloth to absorb the water, blow dry, and use it after 12 hours.
37. The minimum system includes: memory, motherboard, CPU
38. Registry backup and recovery command: enter SCANREG.EXE in pure DOS state
39. System file checker command: SFC.EXE
40. Retrieve the correct partition: DiskMap
41. Fdisk partition, Format formatting
42 . The host does not power on: the phenomenon is: the fan does not rotate, or stops after turning for a while. The solution is: the local voltage, power supply, motherboard, or CPU, memory stick, graphics card. Another reason is the BIOS. The solution: restore to factory values.
43. No display at startup, alarm at startup:
Solution: graphics card or memory module, or the monitor is not plugged in properly
44. Self-check error and then Crash: Reason: It is caused by mismatched settings.
Solution: Select the last correct configuration when booting.
45. The chassis is noisy and shuts down regularly: Reason: poisoning,
Solution: anti-virus or restarting the system
46 It crashes during the startup process and an error is reported. Black screen and repeated restarts: Caused by device driver mismatch or dust on the motherboard. It may also be a virus
47. A certain file error is reported during the startup process: the reason is that a certain software was accidentally deleted, or it was accidentally deleted by using system cleanup.
The solution: Restore the backup or copy and replace from another computer
48. Some operations that should not be performed are always performed during the startup process (how to scan the disk)
Cause: disk and disk drive Poisoned or bad sectors,
Solution: anti-virus, or use MHDD command to repair in DOS
49. Only start in safe mode or command line
< p>Cause: Various drivers, the most important one is caused by graphics card driver errorsSolution: Enter safe mode and uninstall the graphics card driver.
50. Failed to log in, reported an error or crashed
Cause: System files are lost,
Solution: Repair (R) or restore the system (GHOST), Or reinstall the system
51. If you shut down the system and report an error or not allow you to shut down, you can just unplug the power supply
Cause: One of the keys on the keyboard is faulty, or the shutdown button is malfunctioning, poisoning
Solution: Unplug the power and restart to see if it is normal, and then determine whether it is the latter two situations
52. The hard disk has abnormal noise and is very noisy
Cause : It is possible that the hard disk is not flat, or there are bad sectors
Solution: Check whether it is flat, or the screws are not tightened, and repair the bad sectors
53. The hard disk cannot be recognized in the BIOS
Cause: It is possible that the hard disk has completely bad sectors, or the data cable is broken
Solution: Try changing a hard disk or changing a data cable
54 , Unable to format the partition:
Cause: The partition table is damaged, or the hard disk is damaged.
Solution: Use the partition table repair command, or use the hard disk regeneration tool.
55. The drive letter is lost;
Reason: malicious hiding, another reason is that the drive letter is not separated when partitioning
Solution: View in Disk Management Does this drive letter exist? If it is displayed, create it again if not.
56. Hard disk data is protected
Reason: Use hard disk protection software
Solution: Crack the software or uninstall it completely.
57. Failure caused by hard disk protection card:
Solution: Uninstall the relevant protection card.
58. Why does the power supply fan not rotate or should it be rotated? Caused by low voltage
59. Why does the CPU fan not rotate or should it be rotated? Caused by CPU/Excessive CPU force causes connection failure between CPU and motherboard
Solution: 1. Add oil 2. Replace CPU fan
60. Methods to clean up viruses:
(1) Create a new user
(2) Log out the user
(3) Enter the new user
(4) Display the system icon
(5) Delete previously used user reserved files
(6) Delete useless desktop icons
(7) Create commonly used shortcuts on the desktop
(8 ) Use relevant software to clean up system junk
I hope my notes can help you