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Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. Posthumous title was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Yang Town ranked fourth in the Jinshi list, and successively served as the judge of Huainan, the magistrate of Yinxian County, the judge, the magistrate of Changzhou and the prison officer of Jiandian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. After nine years in Xining, he lived in seclusion in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and died. Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
References:
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Reply: Yan Mo ★ Beginner Level 2 9-119: 26.
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. Posthumous title was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Yang Town ranked fourth in the Jinshi list, and successively served as the judge of Huainan, the magistrate of Yinxian County, the judge, the magistrate of Changzhou and the prison officer of Jiandian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. After nine years in Xining, he lived in seclusion in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and died. Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
There are many different comments on Wang Anshi's political reform in history. During the Northern Song Dynasty, opponents criticized it by modifying history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the reform was once again characterized by the method of compiling history, and it was pointed out that Wang Anshi's reform led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty (it is said that the Southern Song Dynasty court wanted to shirk the responsibility of the royal family). Later generations made such judgments on its reform based on this, so that there were special satirical articles in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
However, there are also scholars in Wang Anshi's hometown who argue because of their fellow villagers, such as Lu Jiuyuan.
From historical development to modern times, unprecedented changes have taken place in China, and the call for reform is increasing day by day. Therefore, Wang Anshi's reform began to be positively evaluated. The main figures are Liang Qichao and Yan Fu, who started from the needs of social reality and called for the spirit of reform. Later, there were more and more studies on Wang Anshi's political reform, and it was not popularized until the Republic of China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Anshi was evaluated mainly from the perspective of class. Later, this method was gradually abolished, and his reform was from the perspective of specific interests. The main researchers are SJGH and Deng Guangming.
Overseas, Huang Renyu, a Chinese-American historian, believes that many of Wang Anshi's reforms involved large-scale commercial and digital management in China at that time, but they failed because of the lack of bureaucratic culture and related technical capabilities at that time.
In the second year of Zong Xining (1069), Wang Anshi began to implement the new law and adopted a series of reform measures. The following year, Sima Guang wrote a long letter of more than 3,300 words to Wang Anshi, listing the disadvantages of implementing the new law and demanding that Wang Anshi abandon the new law and restore the old system. "Reply to Sima's suggestion" is Wang Anshi's reply: "If I really blame myself for being in office for a long time and failing to help the people, then someone will know the crime. If you say that you should do nothing today, just do what you did before, it is beyond anyone's knowledge. " The so-called "don't be afraid of clouds to cover your eyes, you are at the highest level." It is a portrayal of Wang Anshi.
From the literary point of view, Anshi's works have made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, An Shi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are also some poems about Buddhism, which are obscure and dry, but they are also a star in the history of China's poetry.
References:
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Interviewee: Anonymous 9- 1 1 19:35.
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. Posthumous title was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Yang Town ranked fourth in the Jinshi list, and successively served as the judge of Huainan, the magistrate of Yinxian County, the judge, the magistrate of Changzhou and the prison officer of Jiandian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. After nine years in Xining, he lived in seclusion in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and died. Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
Responder: Superman Xia-probationary period 1 9- 1 1 19:46.
Wang Anshi (102 1 year-1086 May 2 1 day), named Mid-Levels, was named Jing Guogong. Linchuan, Jiangxi, was a politician and thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Ouyang Xiu praised Wang Anshi: "There are 3,000 romantic poems in Hanlin and 200 articles in the official department. The old self-pity is still there, so who will argue with his son? " There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection.
Wang Anshi was born in Fuzhou (now Jiangxi) and came from an official family. He is the fourth Jinshi in the second year of Song Renzong Li Qing (1042). In the third year of Jiayou (1058), he wrote a letter of several thousand words to Song Renzong, criticizing the current situation and demanding reform. During 1069, Song Shenzong participated in political affairs and carried out new reforms, such as the Young Crops Law, the Farmland Water Conservancy Law and the Expropriation Law. 1070 promoted to prime minister. Because the land reform in the new law affects the landlord class and related bureaucrats, the reform is strongly resisted by them. Among the people, because the reform is difficult to implement, it has a negative impact on the lives of ordinary people and is hostile to intellectuals. His image among the people has always been bad. 1074 and 1076 were dismissed twice. After Song Shenzong's death, Sima Guang, the former opposition (who was excluded because of his disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views), became prime minister, and almost all the bills were abolished. After the failure of political reform, he retired to Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
Lenin, the leader of the Russian Communist Party in the 20th century, praised him as a "1 1 century reformer".
Wang Anshi is a maverick. According to reports, he often goes out to meet people without washing and dressing. When he concentrates on reading, he will grab something to eat, and he doesn't know when he eats fish food. It is generally believed that Su Xun's "On Distinguishing a Rape" alludes to Wang Anshi, in which he wrote: "My husband never forgets to wash his dirty face and clothes. This person is very affectionate. Today, it's different. The clothes of the courtiers were caught by dogs, and the prisoners were ashamed to talk about poetry and books. Is this also true? " Su Shi and Wang Anshi have been at odds. Wang Anshi likes amazing words, and Su Shi once wrote sarcastically. There are also many stories of two people fighting wits and courage among the people.
Responder: Left Bank Red Dancing Shoes-Assistant Level 2 9- 1 1 19:49.
Wang Anshi (102 1 ~ 1086) was a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. His father was very angry when he became an official, just near Nanjing. He still went there to be an official, which made me very angry.
Respondent: yiwangwuqian 98- probation period level 1 9- 12 16:29.
Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, thinker, but also an outstanding writer. In order to realize his political ideal, he closely linked literary creation with political activities, emphasizing that the role of literature lies in serving the society first. He opposed the vague and powerless style of Yang Yi and Liu Yun of Quincy School, and thought that "the so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world." The so-called resignation, there are still sculptures. Really be a clever fairy China, there is no need to apply it; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be application-oriented and painting-oriented. "It is precisely because Anshi regards the concept of" application "of" serving the world "as the foundation of literary creation that his works reveal the drawbacks of the times, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Today, there are Wang Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection and Mr. Linchuan Song.
Wang Anshi was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is vigorous and concise, extraordinary and steep. Most of them are essays in the form of books, tables, notes, preface, etc., which explain political opinions and opinions and serve the reform and innovation. These articles have clear views and profound analysis on current political or social issues. Long articles are horizontal but not concise, short ones are broken but not detailed. Quotations from Emperor Ren Shang is a masterpiece advocating social change. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the diplomatic dilemma of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, it put forward a complete political reform proposal, which showed the author's progressive thought of "ruling the country from the people's diseases". "Nothing happened in this century", while describing and explaining the peace situation and reasons in the early Song Dynasty for more than 100 years, pointedly pointed out the social problems that were in danger at that time, expecting religious sects to make favorable political achievements and thinking that "today is the time to make great achievements." It played the overture of the government, which began in the second year. Answering Sima Zhi's remonstrance, he refuted Sima Guang's accusation that the new law invaded officials, caused trouble, demanded benefits and refused to remonstrate. It is short and clear, and its wording is appropriate, which reflects the author's firm and principled statesmanship. An Shi's political essays, whether long or short, are very rigorous in structure, excellent in thinking, thorough in reasoning and concise in language. "It only takes one or two sentences to wipe out a large number of others" (Liu Xizai's Art Outline). Text outline), with strong generality and logic. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting the political reform and consolidating the achievements of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some of Anshi's essays, such as GunShuo, Reading Biography, Biography of Book Assassin, Shang, etc., are well-known, with strong comments on characters, sharp writing style and rich feelings, giving people a fresh and clear feeling. He also has a part of landscape travel prose "The Creation of the City Pit Courtyard", which is concise, lively and labor-saving, just like Liu Zongyuan; A trip to Baochan Mountain not only records a trip, but also is very meaningful. The two are closely and naturally combined. Even if the abstract truth is vivid, it adds ideological depth to the specific notes and makes the layout flexible and tortuous.
Wang Anshi's poems can be roughly divided into early and late periods, with obvious differences in content and style. "Wang Jinggong is not so confident, so his poetic language is what he wants, and he is no longer so introverted ... Later, he became a group of shepherds, made a fake collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty from the Song Dynasty, and used it for reference. In his later years, he began to have a deep and unpretentious interest" (Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua). The early poems are good at reasoning and have obvious tendencies, involving many important and sharp societies. The problem noticed the sufferings of the lower classes and made an unfair voice for them. Feelings, mergers, reinforcements, etc. Describe and prompt the weakness of the national situation or the corruption of internal affairs in the Song Dynasty from the political, economic and military aspects, point out the harm to the country and people caused by the annexation of land by big landlords and businessmen, and put forward the suggestion of "elite soldiers"; "Collecting Salt" and "Hebei People" reflect the tragic experience of the people being oppressed by the rulers at that time. "In the Examination Room" and "Examination Paper" directly criticized the imperial examination system of giving scholars poems, and demanded the use of talents who can contribute to the country; The new atmosphere and people's joy brought by the enthusiastic reform of Yuan Ri and Song Yuanfeng; Shang Yang and Jia Sheng, etc. By evaluating the merits and demerits of historical figures, their new viewpoints and progressive significance are expressed. An Shi's reclusive life in his later period contributed to his poetry creation. He lingered and reveled in the countryside, with a narrow theme, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems, expressing a leisurely interest. But artistic expression is perfect. "Elegant and exquisite, vulgar and unbearable, every irony will sink between the teeth and cheeks." Poems such as The Story of Poems in the Back of the Mountain, Boating in Guazhou, Flowers on the River, Plum Blossoms and Mr. Yin's Wall in the Book Lake are carefully observed, exquisitely carved, with distant and fresh artistic conception, showing praise and love for the beauty of nature, which has always been told by people.
As far as the poetic style is concerned, Anshi's ancient poems mostly use classics and arguments, but like Qu and Taoyuan Xing, they have novel ideas, rich feelings and rich imagination. Rhyme, on the other hand, is steady and appropriate, but sometimes it is inevitable to lose too much carving. Five musts and seven musts are especially famous. "Wang Banshan has many styles and is good at quatrains" (Hanting Poem) and "Gong Jing's quatrains are amazing in the world" (Boat House Poem). His poems have great influence on contemporary and later generations, and are called "Wang Gong Jing Style" (Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang).
There are about twenty poems written by An Shi today. Although he is not a famous poet, his "works are thin and elegant, washing away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Liu Xizai's "Art, Ci and Qulue"). The word "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" reveals the decadent life of the ruling class in the Six Dynasties by describing the magnificent scenery and homesickness of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and is known as the swan song of ancient times. Coupled with Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" and "Qiu Lai's Unique Scenery", Su Dongpo's bold voice was opened, which had a good influence on later ci circles.
From the literary point of view, Anshi's works have made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, An Shi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are also some poems about Buddhism, which are obscure and dry, but they are also a star in the history of China's poetry.
Wang Anshi's ci collection
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Selected poems of Wang Anshi
Word: The fisherman of South Xiangzi in Huanxi was proud of the Bodhisattva Xia, Guizhixiang, and in the autumn, he led the Bodhisattva Xia to hurt Zhong Yong.
Poems: Qu Ershu, Mr. Hu Yin, Bi Yuan, Riqi, boarding Feilaifeng, Guazhou, Xue Zhaoming, gambling on plum blossom poems, losing a Spring Festival Evening in Beishan Gexi to show Chang 'an Jun.
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Huanxisha
A hundred acres of atrium is half covered with moss, and the white water in front of the door is lingering. How many people can come to Aixian?
The cloister in the small courtyard is quiet in spring, and there are two or three apricot trees in Shantaoxi. For who? For who?
Nanxiangzi
Since ancient times, the empire has flourished. This is a dream for 400 years. It's sad. Kim's clothes are ancient dust.
Swim around the water and try your best to go upstairs. Mo Wen, a former leisure gentleman, turned around and the Yangtze River flowed freely outside the sill.
Yujiaao
The small bridge on the flat river bank is surrounded by thousands of flowers and plants. There are some windows in the hut. Before the dust comes, there will always be a spring breeze to clean it.
Sleeping in the afternoon is like getting up early and listening to chickens crow. It suddenly occurred to me that an old friend is always old today. I am greedy for dreams, but I forget Handan Road.
Bodhisattva is beautiful
A few huts are idle by the water, and light shirts and short hats are hung on the willow branches. What dynasty is it today? Look at the redundant stone bridge.
But tonight's new moon is lying on the top of the tree. I drank a cup of drunk wine at noon until I woke up that night. What's the most important? One or two orioles.
Chinese cinnamon
This is the late autumn in the ancient country, and the weather is very early. Thousands of miles are like a river, like clusters of Qingfeng.
Sailing towards the sunset, leaning against the west wind and leaning against the wine flag.
The colorful boat is cloudy, and the Milky Way heron rises, which is difficult to draw.
Miss the past, compete for prosperity, sigh outside the door, and continue to hate.
Throughout the ages, depending on the level, share weal and woe. The past of the Six Dynasties flows with the water, cold smoke and green grass.
Today, business women still sing from time to time, leaving a legacy in the backyard.
Qian Qiu Suiyin
Don't pavilion cold anvil, lonely city painting angle, a school of autumn sound into the boundless.
Oriental geese walk from the sea, while southern geese fall into the sand.
Typhoon Zhu, just like yesterday.
Helpless bound by some fame and fortune! Helpless by it!
Unfortunately, romance is always idle! At the beginning,
Now you've missed my date with Qin Lou. The dream has stopped. When you wake up, think again.
Bodhisattvas choose poems from different poets to form a poem.
Begonia hair is always close to the water and the moon comes first. Do you know what the flowers here look like? The cool moon turns white one after another, and the fragrant wind smells from the other side.
The yellow bird is close, and the sound on the other side is corresponding. Sit on the raspberry moss and have a glass of red wine.
Two songs by Fei Ming
one
When Princess Ming first left the Han Palace, her eyes were moist.
There's nothing Wang can do about it.
When you come back, you will complain about Dan Qing's hand. I've seen it in my life.
I couldn't understand the meaning, so I killed Mao Yanshou for nothing.
Go and know it, don't return, pity the Han palace clothes;
Send a voice to ask Sanan, only geese fly every year.
Wan Li, a family member, sent a message. Fortunately, Mo Xiang remembered being in the felt city.
Don't you see that Nagato and Gillian are very close? There is no difference between north and south in life.
Secondly,
Princess Ming first married Hu Er, and all the carpets were Hu Ji.
Erotic language has no place to live, and it spreads to pipa.
The golden pole stirred his hand and tried to persuade Hu to drink.
The maid-in-waiting in the Han palace wept, and the pedestrians on the sand looked back.
Hann is shallow and deep, and he has known each other all his life.
Poor Qingling is gone, and still has the strings of mourning music.
Book Lake, Yinxian County, Bi Sheng
Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
The first day of the lunar month
The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine.
Thousands of families always trade new peaches for old ones.
chess
Don't disturb the truth with drama, you can win with me.
After the war, two piles were divided into white and black, and one pile was a loss.
Dengfeilai peak
Fly to the top of Chihiro Tower, hear the cock crow and the sun rise.
As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain.
Berthing Guazhou
Jingkou and Guazhou are just separated by a water, and Zhongshan has only a few heavy green mountains.
Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?
Playing chess with Xue Zhaoming, I lost a plum blossom poem.
Fahua looks for spring and likes to see Mei, which is a pile of snow on the road.
Fengcheng Nanmo remembers its year, and it is difficult to come with the post.
Spring night
The golden stove is full of lingering fragrance, and the breeze is cold.
Spring bothers me that I can't sleep, and the moon moves the railing.
Beishan
Beishan lost its green color and went straight to the pond.
Counting the fallen flowers because I have been sitting for a long time, I found that the grass is already late.
Ge xiyi
The moon is in a daze, and Yi Deng shines on the autumn bed.
Feel the wind and dew early when you are sick, and I don't know how long the mountains and rivers are.
I feel generous when I am old, but I feel sad when I look at the world.
Cicada is even more confusing to pedestrians' ears, holding semi-yellow sparse tung leaves.
Show it often.
It is not easy for teenagers to leave, but it is a pity to meet again when they are old.
Fur cups and plates are for laughter, and dim light is for life.
Three years of self-pity for the lake and the sea, a thousand miles in the dust and sand.
I want to know when the later period is, and I want to see Yan Nanzheng when I deliver the book.
Late steps in Zhongshan
Light rain, light wind, fallen English flowers, as thin as snow and as flat as sand. Jiangcun Road, Park Hedgehog Bamboo House, when I saw Yicheng selling restaurants.
Chinese plum
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Gudong
Heaven is naturally dense and lonely. Ling Xiao is indomitable, humble and polite.
Old roots are strong, and the sun is more cloudy. Think about it tomorrow. I want to play the banjo.
Xie Gongdun
Pay all the expenses? What's the shame?
New Year's Eve
The moon reflects the forest pond, and the wind laughs and cools. Look down at the green net and stand in the fragrance. Take the young to find the new, help the poor and set sail. After a long time, cherish the streamer at the end of the year.
Mountain travel
Write the shallow scenery clearly and wear the green shade. All flat heads are Chu, and long ears are Wu Yin. The twilight is beautiful, and the cold spring is still good. Who agrees with this true meaning, tired birds also search.
Shang Zhong Yong
Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years and didn't understand books and tools. Suddenly he cried for it. The father, on the other hand, borrowed from the side and approached it, that is, four sentences of books and poems, which were named after themselves. His poems were written for adoptive parents and families and passed down to a scholar in a township. Nature refers to things as poetry, and its arts and sciences are considerable. People in the city are very surprised. They are a little nicer to their father or beg with coins. My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant.
I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, it has been twelve or thirteen years since our ancestors went home and saw them at my uncle's house. To write a poem, you can't call it the smell of the past. After another seven years, I returned to Yangzhou and asked my uncle how he was. He said, "Everyone has left."
The prince said, "Zhong Yong's understanding is also accepted by God. It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. He is a man who receives heaven, so he is a saint, and he who does not receive heaven is for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone.
Topic Portrait of Wei Jia Gong Dan
Wang Song Anshi
The hero Xuanhe was in the Three Dynasties, and he helped Han Tiao calmly by means of tactics.
Confucianism served as prime minister early, and the crown was inserted into the mink.
After opening the Six Pagodas, the refugees recovered and the Ganling rebellion disappeared.
A portrait is still empty, and I know the weather vane here in those days.
-Quoted from Nanpi County Records, p. 775.