Question 1: What is emphysema? Is it serious? 40 points The structure of the lungs is like a sponge, consisting of many small alveoli, which are connected to the trachea through bronchioles. Emphysema is the excessive expansion and inflation of alveoli or bronchioles, resulting in many enlarged dead spaces without the function of ventilation with the outside world, so patients will feel difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. Whether it is serious or not depends on the patient's subjective feelings. The severity of the film is not necessarily directly proportional to the patient's subjective feelings. Generally speaking, patients will feel very uncomfortable, and the ridge is irreversible and will only get worse and cannot be completely cured.
Question 2: What to do about emphysema? Hello, since ancient times, asthma has not been cured by medicine, that is: until today, no matter whether traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, there is no specific drug product that can cure chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) can be clinically cured by following the following treatment plan:
1. Bring your medical insurance to open a card , go to the medical insurance hospital to prescribe some medicine to relieve cough and nourish the lungs.
Special reminder: Chronic bronchitis and asthma - antibiotics are prohibited.
2. Use Beijing Zhongguancun high-tech, national patent, and biomedical engineering products: cell gene energy therapy device to completely solve the recovery of lung metabolic function, increase blood oxygen content, promote carbon monoxide discharge, and recovery Immune system biological balance function.
According to the above method, the development of the disease can be basically fully controlled in about 20 days to 60 days, and within 1 to 3 months, clinically significant therapeutic effects can be achieved to fully control the continued development of the disease.
The consolidation treatment time is 2 to 4 seasons, and the treatment goals of complete control and cure can be achieved. Ensure efficacy - if there is no significant therapeutic effect within 20 days - the product will be recalled.
Sun Ping
Question 3: What causes emphysema? Emphysema refers to the loss of elasticity of the airways distal to the terminal bronchioles. A pathological condition characterized by overinflation, aeration, and increased lung volume or combined destruction of the airway wall. According to the causes of emphysema, there are the following types: senile emphysema, compensated emphysema, interstitial emphysema, focal emphysema, paraseptal emphysema, and obstructive emphysema. swell.
The pathogenesis of obstructive emphysema is not fully understood. It is generally believed to be related to bronchial obstruction and protease-antiprotease imbalance. Smoking, infection and air pollution cause bronchiolar inflammation, lumen stenosis or obstruction. When inhaling, the bronchiolar lumen expands and air enters the alveoli; when exhaling, the bronchiolar lumen shrinks, air is retained, and the intra-alveolar pressure continues to increase, causing the alveoli to over-expand or even rupture. The radial traction force around the bronchioles is lost, causing the bronchioles to shrink, resulting in narrowing of the lumen. The intima of the pulmonary blood vessels is thickened, the blood supply to the alveolar walls is reduced, and the elasticity of the alveoli is weakened, etc., which promotes the rupture of the expanded alveoli. In cases such as infection, protease activity in the body increases. People with α1 antitrypsin deficiency have a weakened ability to inhibit proteases, so they are more likely to develop emphysema.
Question 4: Why do I have emphysema? What is emphysema?
In layman's terms, emphysema means too much residual gas in the lungs, making the lungs feel like they have been inflated, so it is called emphysema in medicine.
Professionally speaking, emphysema refers to the expansion and expansion of the distal part of the terminal bronchi, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli, resulting in a loss of elasticity and an increase in the volume of lung tissue. general name.
What symptoms does the patient have?
Difficulty exhaling is a typical symptom of people with emphysema.
Many emphysema patients describe, “I can take in a breath smoothly, but when I exhale, I can’t spit out all the air. Sometimes I deliberately prolong the exhalation time, but it doesn’t work. Try to expel all the air. ”
Blowing is a basis for testing lung function. Take a deep breath, and then blow out hard. If you can blow it out within 3 seconds, it means your lung function is normal (you might as well try it).
4 seconds for 50 years old and 5 seconds for 60 years old. Middle-aged and elderly people blowing for more than 6 seconds indicates a decline in lung function.
People breathe in oxygen and spit out carbon dioxide to stay alive. Since the breath cannot be completely exhaled, wouldn't the remaining carbon dioxide expand over time and make the lungs look swollen?
Exactly.
But the symptoms don’t stop with difficulty breathing. The more gas remaining in the body, the less oxygen can enter, so the patient will have shortness of breath, gasping, and difficulty in inhaling and exhaling.
May I ask where “qi” comes from?
Exhalation is blocked
Obstructive emphysema mostly develops gradually on the basis of tracheitis and chronic bronchitis.
Tracheitis and chronic bronchitis, on the one hand, are due to the continuous accumulation of chronic inflammation, hypersecretory airway hyperactivity, and continuous accumulation of sputum, blocking the airway. On the other hand, the walls of the bronchus become hypertrophic and the tubes become narrow, further affecting ventilation.
When people take a breath, the thorax, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, etc. are all expanded, and gas can easily enter the lungs. But when people exhale, the thorax, trachea, and bronchi all contract. The airways of patients with chronic bronchitis and tracheitis are originally relatively narrow. With such contraction, the airways become even narrower, and some may be completely blocked, preventing carbon dioxide from being discharged.
The elasticity of the alveoli is destroyed
As more and more carbon dioxide is retained in the alveoli, the alveoli are stretched larger and larger, and the alveolar walls become thinner, swollen, ruptured or Bullae form, the blood supply is reduced, and the elastic fiber network is destroyed.
Barrel-shaped chest
Many patients with emphysema develop into "barrel-shaped chest" in the later stages. As the name suggests, the chest is filled with carbon dioxide like a round barrel.
A battle between oxygen and carbon dioxide
The occurrence of hypoxia
Gas always diffuses from places with high pressure to places with low pressure. It can also be said that , gas always diffuses from places with high density to places with low density until equilibrium is reached. Every time people inhale and exhale, they are trying to maintain a balance inside and outside the lungs.
When exhalation is blocked and the exhalation volume is reduced, the inhalation volume will also be reduced accordingly. The reduction in inhaled oxygen is not enough to maintain life. The body will undergo a series of hypoxic reactions.
Difficult to understand? An analogy: a bus is full of people. When you get to the next stop, if you want others to come up, you can only get some people down. Carbon dioxide occupies the space in the lungs. In order for oxygen to enter, the carbon dioxide in the lungs must be removed.
Oxygen therapy
But the common practice is oxygen therapy. Oxygen therapy increases the concentration of oxygen in the air. Even if the patient's inhalation volume decreases, the oxygen concentration increases and the patient can still maintain life needs. But to a certain extent, more carbon dioxide is produced, and excess carbon dioxide accumulates in the body, which is always a hidden danger.
Oxygen therapy is an important measure to improve patients’ quality of life, prolong life, and slow down the decline of lung function. But it cannot fundamentally solve the problem of residual air occupying space and difficulty breathing.
Where does "qi" go?
Hypercapnia
Excessive carbon dioxide will not occupy the alveoli honestly. It will take the opportunity to flow back into the blood, causing an increase in arterial blood carbon dioxide levels, which is called hypercapnia. blood.
Hypercapnia causes increased cerebral blood flow, increased permeability of small blood vessels, and water in the blood leaks out of the blood vessels, causing cerebral edema and increased brain tissue pressure. Patients present with headaches, dizziness, changes in sleep patterns, excessive sleep during the day, excitement at night, and may also be restless, irritable, mentally confused, and talk nonsense. As carbon dioxide levels increase, cerebral edema worsens and neuropsychiatric symptoms worsen, manifesting as apathy, muscle tremors, intermittent twitching, lethargy, and coma.
Traditionally, the above symptoms are collectively referred to as "carbon dioxide anesthesia". Once the patient falls into coma, his breathing changes from fast to slow, from deep to shallow, until he stops breathing...gt;gt;
Question 5: What is emphysema and what should you pay attention to? The severity of clinical symptoms of emphysema depends on the degree of emphysema. There is a lack of effective treatment methods for emphysema, so daily diet is more important.
Nutritional principles:
Most emphysema patients are elderly and have weak digestion, so it is better to eat soft and easy-to-digest staple food.
When patients with emphysema have excessive phlegm and are short of breath and wheezing, they can eat some warm foods.
It is advisable to eat more foods that can clear away heat and resolve phlegm, moisten the lungs and relieve cough.
Suitable foods:
Staple foods and beans include steamed buns, Hanaki, rice, noodles, wontons, rice porridge, sweet potatoes, etc.
Choice of meat, eggs, and milk: lean pork, beef, chicken, duck, eggs, milk, etc.
Vegetable selection: Rapeseed, spinach, amaranth, celery, lotus root and other fresh vegetables.
Fruits such as sugar cane, oranges, grapefruits, pears, and loquats can clear away heat and resolve phlegm, moisten the lungs and relieve coughs; apricots moisten the lungs and relieve asthma; bananas, sesame seeds, etc. can moisturize the intestines and relieve constipation, and they are all suitable to eat.
Diet taboos:
Avoid fishy and smelly foods:
Yellow croaker, hairtail fish, black fish, mandarin fish, shrimps and crabs and other foods are fishy and smelly foods that can produce phlegm. It makes emphysema patients cough up phlegm and wheeze, so they should not be eaten.
Avoid greasy and sweet foods:
Lard, butter, fatty meat, roast chicken, roast duck, fried dough sticks, fried cakes, etc. are greasy foods; cakes, ice cream, and candies are sweet foods. Greasy food is easy to produce phlegm, so it is included in the fasting list.
Avoid eating spicy and fried foods:
Avoid eating spicy and fried foods:
Avoid eating hot peppers, peppers and other flammable foods, quit smoking and drinking, and eat less fried foods to avoid phlegm and irritation.
Avoid nourishing medicines:
Avoid taking nourishing Chinese medicines, such as ginseng, dangshen, rehmannia root, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc., otherwise it will inhibit the body's normal expectorant ability.
Question 6: Why do we get emphysema? 5 points (1) Causes of the disease
The pathogenesis of emphysema has not yet been fully elucidated. It is generally believed to be caused by the synergistic effect of multiple factors.
1. Various factors that cause chronic bronchitis, such as infection, smoking, air pollution, long-term inhalation of occupational dust and harmful gases, allergies, etc., can all cause obstructive emphysema.
2. The theory of imbalance of elastase and its inhibitors.
Research on the relationship between α1-antitrypsin deficiency and emphysema suggests that emphysema is caused by an imbalance in the content of proteases and anti-proteases in the lungs, which destroys the alveolar septa. A large number of animals with emphysema The model supports this hypothesis. Studies of human emphysema have demonstrated that the concentration of elastin is increased in patients with emphysema. Smoking can increase elastinolytic activity, inhibit the infiltration of lung fibroblasts, increase tissue sensitivity to elastase, and inhibit anti-elastase activity. These findings support that smoking disrupts the balance of elastase and anti-elastase, causing damage to the fine structures of the lungs and causing emphysema.
(2) Pathogenesis
1. Pathological changes of emphysema Emphysema is the abnormal expansion of alveoli and alveolar ducts and the destruction of alveolar walls caused by various reasons, causing the lungs to The residual air volume increases and is divided into centrilobular emphysema (often located at the apex of the lung), panlobular emphysema (often located at the base of the lung) and distal lobular emphysema based on the extent of the affected alveoli. Panlobular and centrilobular emphysema are related to smoking. These two types of emphysema often coexist and are evenly distributed in the upper or lower lobes of the lungs. When emphysema is severe, airway obstruction also develops. Recurrent bronchiolar inflammation causes tracheal obstruction, pulmonary interstitial destruction, loss of mechanical support of the trachea, collapse and tracheal obstruction, thereby causing an increase in air in the lungs and the formation of air cavities.
2. Pathophysiology of emphysema The function of respiratory muscles changes significantly in patients with emphysema, and other respiratory auxiliary muscles and intercostal muscles cannot work on the normal length-tension curve. The bulge of the diaphragm is reduced, so that it cannot form enough intrathoracic negative pressure during contraction. When the diaphragm becomes flat, it pulls the lower rib cage downward during contraction, squeezing the lungs, which has a reverse effect on the breathing effect, causing the diaphragm to become flat. When contracting, the chest becomes larger causing the function of inhalation to be switched to exhalation. The destruction of the alveolar wall structure reduces the pulmonary capillary bed, and the destruction of the pulmonary microcirculation increases the pulmonary vascular resistance. The pulmonary blood flow resistance of patients with emphysema is inversely related to the CO diffusion capacity of the lungs. Therefore, in patients with emphysema, Pulmonary hypertension must be preceded by severe impairment of gas exchange function.