1. The concept of bioengineering
Bioengineering is the application of organisms (including microorganisms, animal cells, plant cells) or their components (organelles and enzymes) under optimal conditions. Next, biotechnology produces valuable products. It includes practical application technologies of organisms or their subcellular components in manufacturing, services, and environmental management. Bioengineering uses bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plant cells and cultured mammalian cells as raw materials for industrial production processes. Therefore, only the disciplines of microbiology, biology, genetics, molecular biology, chemistry and chemical engineering, and many other disciplines, A combination of technologies can make the application of bioengineering successful.
Bioengineering usually involves the production of biological cells or biological materials and the acquisition of required chemical transformations. The latter can be further divided into: synthesis of required end products (such as enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, steroids) and decomposition of specific starting materials (such as sewage treatment, industrial waste and waste oil decomposition).
Biological engineering usually has the following branches: fermentation engineering (microbial engineering); cell engineering; enzyme engineering; genetic engineering; biochemical engineering. Among them, fermentation engineering occupies a major position. Whether it is microorganisms or plant cells; whether it is generally selected strains or engineered bacteria (recombinant microorganisms), the production process is roughly as shown in Figure 9-1. Bioengineering that does not adopt this model include monoclonal antibodies and plant genetic engineering.
2. Bioengineering major
The so-called bioengineering is generally considered to be based on the theories and techniques of biology (especially microbiology, genetics, biochemistry and cytology) Based on modern engineering technologies such as chemical industry, machinery, and electronic computers, we can make full use of the latest achievements in molecular biology to consciously manipulate genetic material, directionally transform organisms or their functions, and create organisms with super-distant traits in a short period of time. New species are then cultivated on a large scale through suitable bioreactors to produce large amounts of useful metabolites or exert their unique physiological functions. This is an emerging technology. Bioengineering includes five major projects, namely genetic engineering (genetic engineering), cell engineering, microbial engineering (fermentation engineering), enzyme engineering (biochemical engineering) and bioreactor engineering. Among these five major fields, the first two are to use conventional bacteria (or animal and plant cell lines) as receptors for specific genetic material, allowing them to acquire foreign genes and become new species that can express super-distant traits - "engineered bacteria" or “engineered cell lines”. The role of the latter three is to create good growth and reproduction conditions for this new species with huge potential value, and conduct large-scale cultivation to fully unleash its inherent potential and provide people with huge economic and social benefits
3. Bioengineering talent quality and employment prospects
1. Bioengineering talent quality: jX
The 21st century is an era of increasingly fierce competition and rapid change. Requires constant innovation. Talents in the 21st century must first have a sense of innovation and be able to use new ways of thinking to analyze various problems they encounter. Without innovative thinking, humans cannot solve the complex problems facing the new century. Secondly, we must have the ability to innovate, which includes not only natural science knowledge, but also humanities and social sciences knowledge, and the latter is even more important in a country like ours that has long ignored humanities and social sciences. ZNM\?
In today's technological era, people engaged in any occupation should have the following five basic abilities and three basic qualities. .}i4{
1) Five abilities C~wO
(1). The ability to rationally utilize and control various resources. Time - choose meaningful actions, allocate time reasonably, plan and control work progress; Funds - formulate budgets and make necessary adjustments at any time; Equipment - acquire, store and allocate various equipment; Manpower - —Reasonably allocate work and evaluate work performance. (
(2). The ability to deal with interpersonal relationships. Able to participate in work as a member of the group; teach others new technologies; serve sincerely; persist in convincing people with reason and actively make suggestions; adjust interests to achieve Compromise; able to work with people from different backgrounds.
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(3). The ability to obtain information and utilize information. Obtain information and evaluate it; analyze and disseminate information; use computers to process information. amp; rPamp;
(4). Comprehensive and systematic analysis capabilities. Understand social systems and technical systems, identify trends, and be able to make suggestions for modifications to the current system or design new replacement systems. Slt;~X
(5). The ability to use special technologies. Select applicable technologies and equipment, understand and master the means and procedures for operating equipment; maintain equipment and deal with various problems, including computer equipment and related technologies.
2) Three qualities V
(1) Basic skills. Reading ability - being able to collect and understand written documents; writing ability - correctly writing written reports and instructions; listening ability - correctly understanding oral information and hints; oral expression ability - expressing ideas systematically; mathematical operation ability ——Basic mathematical operations to solve practical problems. j
(2). Thinking ability. Creative thinking, able to have new ideas; consider various factors to make the best decision; discover and solve problems; conduct thinking analysis based on symbols and images; learn and master new technologies; analyze the laws of things and use them to solve problems.
(3).Personal quality. Sense of responsibility and professionalism; self-respect and self-confidence; sense of social responsibility and collective responsibility; self-discipline, ability to evaluate oneself correctly and self-control; integrity, honesty, and compliance with social moral codes of conduct. W8nR
So, as a bioengineering major, in addition to the above-mentioned basic abilities and qualities, you should also meet the following basic requirements when you graduate to achieve training goals and adapt to work needs. (1) Systematically master the basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills of biochemistry, microbiology, cell biology, genetics, inorganic and analytical chemistry, advanced mathematics and other related disciplines, and be equipped with good scientific thinking and scientific practice. Preliminary training; (2) Have an understanding of new developments in this discipline and its application prospects, and have certain abilities in applied research, technological development, production management, and analysis to solve general practical problems; (3) Preliminarily master a foreign language and be able to smoothly Proficient in reading foreign books and periodicals in this major, proficient in literature retrieval and other methods of obtaining scientific and technological information, proficient in using computers and possessing preliminary programming abilities.
As for employment prospects, there are two distinct opposition groups
In favor of them
Graduates of this major have very broad employment prospects: (1) They can go to medical and health schools , medicine, food, chemical industry, light industry, environmental protection, bioengineering industry departments, bioengineering high-tech companies and administrative departments, engaged in applied research, engineering development and management in bioengineering and related fields; (2) After graduating from a bachelor's degree , those who meet the requirements for a bachelor's degree can be awarded a bachelor's degree, and can continue to study for a master's degree or study abroad to become senior professionals in bioengineering.
It can be seen from the above basic introduction that bioengineering is a promising major, and the development prospects of the industry and the employment prospects of the profession are good. However, we can also see that bioengineering is a very promising major. Engineering is a high-tech industry with high requirements for talents, so I hope that everyone can use this precious time in college to learn a good major, and those who have the conditions should further their studies. Finally, I sincerely wish you all the best in your studies and progress! Become successful soon! Thank you all!
4. Universities offering bioengineering majors
Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Southeast University, Zhejiang University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Sichuan University. Similar to chemical industry. Some projects in the bioengineering industry have high thresholds and huge profits.
Opposition: Oh my God, you choose this major! ! ! !
Oh, I advise you to choose biotechnology or life sciences, but never bioengineering. Because biotechnology or life science is a science subject, and bioengineering is an engineering subject. Moreover, different schools have different focuses on bioengineering, while biotechnology or life sciences are almost the same.
Don’t choose this major. I came here just because I saw these four words. As a result, I have been looking for it for almost a year and still haven’t found a job.
Because our studies are nondescript, we are looking for people who are related to biotechnology companies, and your studies are not as deep as biotechnology or life sciences. We are looking for people who focus on our own focus, and you are not as good as those who specialize in engineering, so no one wants you.
Moreover, many teachers don’t know what this major is about. The name just attracts students to be fooled. Unless you go abroad to study this major, because the name of this major itself is imported from abroad, but it does not introduce what you want to learn, because the current laboratories in our country's schools simply cannot meet this condition.
I tell you as someone who has been through this before, be sure to be careful. If you are not careful, you will regret it for the rest of your life! ! !
Opposite: the way out
1. Go abroad
Biological engineering is a comprehensive cross-development discipline and is closely integrated with applications. Many famous foreign universities are paying attention to it. Its development, so there are great opportunities for further study abroad, and there will be greater room for development
You can turn to study life sciences. There are more advanced development studies in this area abroad. Famous universities in my country generally have the same relationship with foreign countries. The university has established friendly exchange relations and will recommend many students in this major to study abroad
If you change your major to study subjects closely related to engineering, such as food fermentation, the Netherlands, Japan and other countries are also ideal places to go.
2. Graduate school
A large proportion of graduate students go to graduate school. If they want to make achievements in this subject or engage in advanced technical work, they must go to graduate school for further study. Generally, more than half of them go to graduate school for further study. Students will choose to study for graduate school
There are many choices for graduate students, and they can turn to many related fields, such as biology, pharmaceuticals, food, etc.; the chances of being admitted to graduate school are relatively high, and there are great opportunities for cross-recruitment from various schools and research institutes.
If you choose life sciences for graduate school, you will develop in the direction of scientific research. Generally, you will always be engaged in research work, such as continuing your major or switching to fermentation engineering, pharmaceutical engineering, food science, etc. After graduating with a master's degree, you will have Very good employment prospects
3. Looking for a job
Suitable for technological development, engineering design, production management and product performance testing of biological products in departments such as medicine, food, environmental protection, and commodity inspection Analysis and other work as well as research and teaching work in teaching departments
It is unlikely that undergraduates will directly engage in scientific research work. Some graduates will turn to other industries, and some graduates will engage in downstream technical work in related majors
p>After graduation, you can directly find employment in the fields of medicine, food, etc. The work content is generally monotonous technical work, and requires further experience accumulation and practical operation ability development
Future employers
Related institutes: Bioengineering Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University Bioengineering, Peking Union Medical College Institute of Bioengineering, etc.
Related companies: Huamei Bioengineering Company, Beijing Baisai Bioengineering Company, China Bioengineering Company, Beijing Bioengineering Company, Shanghai Bioengineering Company, etc.
Popular topics in biology: Popular directions
Biosafety
Biosafety refers to the control of modern biotechnology The negative impacts that may arise from the development and application of biodiversity are effective prevention and control measures that may have potentially harmful impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, ecological environment protection, and human health, so as to achieve the protection of biodiversity, the ecological environment, and human health. purpose. Modern biotechnology is completely different from traditional biotechnology, which only hybridizes between the same species. It can artificially transfer genes of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms to each other. Many ecologists and non-governmental organizations have strongly warned that people should pay attention to and prevent the environmental risks of genetically modified organisms. They believe that the large-scale release of genetically modified organisms into the environment may cause irreparable ecological disasters to biodiversity and the ecological environment.
Biotechnology, a high-tech technology, is indeed an important way to solve problems in medicine, agriculture, environment and other aspects, and will bring huge economic and social benefits. There is no doubt about this. However, the safety of biotechnology on the environment and human health cannot be ignored. Therefore, biosecurity has attracted increasing attention.
At present, the major universities in China offering related majors include: Tsinghua University, Peking University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, China Agricultural University, Sichuan University, Beijing Normal University, Nankai University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Nanjing University, etc.
3. Professional SWOT analysis
1). Advantages
High social recognition and high expectations for this major
Scope of knowledge Broad, strong foundation in biology, solid engineering knowledge, organic combination of the two
Solid foundation, wide application, can be easily transferred to the direction of biological science or other related application majors, such as food science, pharmaceutical science
Strong rational thinking, good at analyzing and solving problems; focuses on hands-on skills, can conduct independent subject experiments, and submit professional papers
The postgraduate entrance examination rate is very high, and many students have the opportunity to go abroad Continue further studies
2). Disadvantages
The professional courses are not very mature and vary from school to school
The depth of biological science professional courses and engineering knowledge learning is limited
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There are many required subjects and the workload is heavy. If you want to learn well, you must invest a lot of energy, so your spare time is not very sufficient
The job prospects for undergraduate graduates are not very clear, and related employment fields Requires higher academic qualifications
3). Opportunities
Cultivating senior scientific research and technical talents, a large proportion of students go abroad, and major famous universities attach great importance to its development
The major has a wide range of applications and is easy to change majors. You can further study upstream life sciences or downstream practical engineering disciplines. There are a wide range of employment fields, such as pharmaceuticals, food, scientific research, or technology development, etc.
Linking advanced and high-end life sciences and applications is a very popular major with very promising prospects
4 ).Challenges
Compared majors require higher academic qualifications, and it is relatively difficult to find a job after graduating from a bachelor's degree. For this reason, many students further their studies. Those who are employed generally work in lower-level technical jobs or simply give up their major. Changing careers
If you are interested in engaging in related scientific research work, you need to cultivate a solid spirit of research and exploration, pay attention to training your hands-on ability, and further study, you will definitely become a senior scientific talent in this field
Opposition
It can be seen that the main employment direction of bioengineering in the future is pharmaceutical factories, food factories and the like. These companies need very few such talents, but there are more people studying biology in China. And don’t forget, there are also a large number of people from the pharmaceutical departments of medical universities competing with you. Therefore, if you are just a specialist in bioengineering, your employment prospects are still Very pessimistic.