1. Chechong: Also known as "Proximity Rush" or "Opposite Building", it is an armored siege tower, that is, the main siege weapon to destroy the city wall or gate with the force of collision, belonging to ancient siege equipment in China.
Linchong Road Bus is a five-story eight-wheeled siege tower. The bottom floor is filled with soldiers pushing carts, and the other four floors are filled with fighting soldiers attacking the city. The car is about 12m high, 6m wide and 8m long.
Chongche uses its own height to shoot directly into the city from the car. It can also be used to approach the city wall, destroy the female wall (battlements) and directly attack the defensive enemies on the city wall. In addition to all kinds of long weapons, the car is often loaded with heavy weapons such as strong crossbows and stone cannons.
2. Ladder: it is a tool to climb the city wall. According to legend, the ladder was invented by Lu Ban, a skillful craftsman in the Spring and Autumn Period. In fact, it existed as early as the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, when it was called "Hook Help". In the Spring and Autumn Period; Luban improved it. The ladder in the Warring States period consists of three parts: wheel, ladder body and hook. The ladder body can be tilted up and down, and manpower can be carried up the city wall; There is a hook at the top of the ladder to hook the edge of the city; There are wheels under the ladder, which can move. Compared with the Warring States period, the ladder in the Tang Dynasty has been greatly improved: the underframe of the ladder is made of wood with six wheels under it. The ladder body is fixed on the chassis at a certain angle, and a movable "auxiliary ladder" is added to the main ladder, with a pair of pulleys at the top. When boarding the city, the ladder can move up and down freely along the city wall without anyone carrying it. At the same time, because the main ladder adopts the fixing device, the ladder erection procedure is simplified and the ladder erection time is shortened. When the army is attacking the city, it only needs to park the main ladder at the gate, and then put the auxiliary ladder on the main ladder, which can "pillow the city", thus reducing the danger and difficulty of the enemy's ladder. In addition, because the ladder touches the edge of the city too early before boarding the city, it can also avoid the injury of the defenders. In the Song Dynasty, the structure of the ladder was further improved. According to Wu Yao, the main ladder of the ladder in Song Dynasty was also divided into two sections, which were folded and connected by a rotating shaft. This shape is a bit like the popular folding flying bridge at that time. At the same time, auxiliary ladders also appeared in various forms, making it easier and faster to enter the city to meet the enemy. In order to ensure the safety of the ladder pusher, the ladder in the Song Dynasty borrowed the experience of improving the ladder in the late Tang Dynasty. The bottom of the ladder is designed as a car with shielding on all sides, and the outside is reinforced with raw cowhide, so that when people push the cart near the enemy wall in the shed, they can effectively resist the damage of enemy arrows. There are many kinds of ladders used in ancient siege, and the ladder is a huge and cumbersome ladder with complex structure. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan's general Gan Ning led his troops to attack Cao Cao's Anhui city. When attacking the city, he originally planned to send soldiers to transport soil to build earth mountains, build ladders and fly bridges to get close to the enemy wall. However, General Lu Meng thinks that this method is time-consuming and laborious, so it is better to use the morale of the army and storm with crossbows and stone cannons to win quickly. Sure enough, we finally won by storm.
There were many ways to attack the city in ancient times, but most of them were based on the premise of entering the city quickly. You must be bold, fast and take advantage of the situation to build a ladder to enter the city. So there are all kinds of light and simple flying ladders in common use. During the Han Dynasty, the Han army attacked the city of Zhi Zhi, which was surrounded by wooden walls and made of earth walls. The defense is quite strict. The siege soldiers first fought back with crossbows to repel the defenders on the city, burned the wooden city with fire, rushed into the wooden city with crossbows and halberds, and then quickly approached the wooden city, built ladders on all sides, and boarded the city, which soon shattered the inner city. This way of siege is storm, try to shorten the confrontation time between the two sides, and quickly break through the city defense with high momentum. Therefore, it is necessary to use portable flying ladders, which are simple in structure and light in weight, mostly made of wood and bamboo. The flying ladder in the Song Dynasty was twenty or thirty feet long, and one end was equipped with two wheels, which was convenient for ants to attach themselves to the city. In addition, there are "wooden flying ladders", "climbing flying ladders" and "bamboo flying ladders" with slightly different shapes, but they are all very light and practical.
3. Boarding tools: The length of Qiao Hao in Song Dynasty is subject to Qiao Hao. There are two big wheels in front of the bridge and two small wheels behind it. When it is pushed into Qiaohao, the bridge can pass smoothly. If the city is wide, use a folding bridge, that is, connect the two cities with a rotating shaft in the middle. The usage is the same.
4. The catapult: According to legend, it was not invented, but when Guandu was at loggerheads, Yuan used a large-scale siege equipment-Gaochun, and then offered a plan to break Gaochun with a catapult. There is no mention in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms that it was invented by Ye Liu. Later, after the improvement of Ma Jun, it was further improved.
Slingshot was used in the Spring and Autumn Period and became an important siege and defense weapon after Sui and Tang Dynasties. This is an ancient chariot. Install pivot and bouncing stone. Because it sounds like Lei Zhen, it's named Thunderbolt. Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi Yuan Shaozhuan: "Mao (Cao Cao) sent a stone cart, and when he ran into Shao Lou (Yuan), everything was broken. Shao Zhong called it a thunderbolt. " Also known as "throwing a car". Refers to throwing stones out with thick bamboo in the car; As a means of attack. In fact, the slingshot is the black cannon of China chess.
The catapult is a large-scale human long-range weapon that uses the lever principle to throw stone bullets. Its appearance is the progress of technology and the need of war. Used in the Spring and Autumn Period, it became an important weapon to attack and defend the city after Sui and Tang Dynasties. The original trebuchet was simple in structure and had a huge lever. The long end is filled with stones in a suitcase or wooden basket, and the short end is tied with dozens of ropes. At one command, dozens of people pulled the rope at the same time and used the lever principle to throw stones. This is the ancient god of war (Stalin said that artillery was the god of war). The first large-scale use of slingshots in the history of China War should be that Li Xin (the distant ancestor of General Li Guang) attacked Chu. Chu army secretly prepared a large number of slingshots. When Qin Jun crossed the river, it suddenly started at the same time, and countless sharp stones hit Qin Jun like dark clouds. Two hundred thousand Qin Jun defeated, Li Xin defeated and committed suicide. Later, Wang Jian, one of the four famous soldiers in the Warring States, led 600,000 troops to capture Chu, showing the power of slingshots at that time, and China's slingshot reached its peak in the Song Dynasty.