In short, an electric car is a car driven by electricity and powered by electricity. The first electric car was made in 1834. It is driven by a DC engine. Today, great changes have taken place in various types of electric vehicles.
In the early stage of development, the history of inventing electric vehicles was earlier than our most common internal combustion engine-driven cars. Anush Jedlik, the father of DC car, Hungarian inventor and engineer? Nios
Jedlik first tested the electromagnetic rotating mobile device in the laboratory on 1828. Thomas Davenport, an American, made the first electric car driven by a DC car in 1834. 1837, Thomas obtained the first patent of American motor industry. Between 1832 and 1838, robert anderson robert anderson, a scot, invented an electric-driven carriage driven by a non-rechargeable primary battery. 1838 Scottish Robert Davidson invented the electric train. The tram that is still running on the road today is a patent that appeared in Britain in 1840. The history of battery electric vehicles. The first electric car in the world was born in 188 1 year, and the inventor was Gustav truff, a French engineer. It's a tricycle powered by lead-acid batteries, and in 1873, the electric car was invented by an Englishman, Robert Davidson, and powered by a primary battery.
Cars are not included in the scope of international recognition. Later, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells appeared as electricity.
1884 in the middle period, Germany runs the third generation of Siemens trams.
Stage1860–1920: With the development of battery technology, the application of electric vehicles has been widely used in Europe and America in the second half of the19th century. 1859, gaston Plante, a great French physicist and inventor, invented the rechargeable lead-acid battery.
From the end of 19 to 1920, in the early automobile consumption market, electric vehicles had more advantages than cars driven by internal combustion engines: no odor, no vibration, no noise, no shift, low price, and steam and electricity were formed.
And an internal combustion engine. Stagnation 1920-1990: With the development of Dezhou Petroleum and the improvement of internal combustion engine technology, electric vehicles gradually lose their advantages after 1920. The automobile market is gradually replaced by cars driven by internal combustion engines. There are only a few cities with few trams and trolleybuses and limited battery cars (lead-acid batteries are used in golf courses, forklifts and other fields). The development of electric vehicles has been stagnant for more than half a century. With the oil resources rolling to the market, people almost forget the existence of electric vehicles. Related technologies used in electric vehicles, such as electric drive, battery materials, power battery pack, battery management, etc., cannot be developed or applied. repeated
Soviet period 1990 to present: The decrease of oil resources and the serious pollution of the atmospheric environment make people pay more attention to electric vehicles.
Before 1990, the use of electric vehicles was mainly advocated by the people. For example, the World Electric Vehicle Association, a non-governmental academic organization founded in 1969. The World Electric Vehicle Association holds professional electric vehicle academic conferences and exhibitions (EVS) in different countries and regions of the world every six months.
From 65438 to 0990, major automobile manufacturers began to pay attention to the future development of electric vehicles and began to invest capital and technology in the field of electric vehicles.
1990 at the los Angeles auto show in June, the president of general motors introduced the Impact pure electric vehicle to the whole world. 1992 Ford used Ecostar with calcium-sulfur battery,
1996 RAV4LEV for Ni-MH battery for Toyota, 1996 Clio for Renault, and Prius hybrid car for Toyota Clio, 1997,
1997 Nissan Motor Company released and sold hybrid Insight, the world's first electric vehicle using lithium-ion batteries, Prairie Joy EV and 1999 Honda Motor Company. Domestic Progress As a green sunrise industry, electric vehicles have been developed in China for ten years. As for electric bicycles, by the end of 20 10, the number of electric bicycles in China has reached1200,000, and it is growing at an annual rate of 30%. In terms of energy consumption, electric bicycles are only one-eighth of motorcycles and one-twelfth of automobiles. From the space occupied, an electric bicycle occupies only one twentieth of that of a general private car, and it is a very effective energy-saving means of transportation. From the development trend, the market prospect of electric bicycle industry is still promising. In particular, electric bicycles are very popular in second-and third-tier cities and rural areas as a medium-and short-distance means of transportation with energy saving, environmental protection, convenient travel and relatively low use cost. With the improvement of industrial development environment, the acceleration of rural highway construction and the improvement of residents' income level, the market space will be further expanded.
Electric bicycles have always been favored by low-income groups in cities because of their cheap, convenient and environmentally friendly functional advantages. The development of electric bicycles in China, from the small batch listing in the mid-1990s to the production and sales since 20 12, has been showing a momentum of substantial growth year by year. Due to strong demand, the electric bicycle market in China has been growing by leaps and bounds in recent years. According to the survey data of Foresight.com's "China Electric Vehicle Industry Development Prospect and Leading Enterprise Management Analysis Report 20 13-20 17", the national output of/kloc-0 in 1998 was only 54,000, and in 2002 it was158,000. By 2003, the output of electric bicycles in China reached.
More than 4 million vehicles, ranking first in the world, with an average annual growth rate of over 65,438+0,998-2004. In 2009, the output reached 23.69 million vehicles, up 8.2% year-on-year. Compared with 1998, it has increased by 437 times, and the development speed is quite amazing. The average annual growth rate of electric bicycle production in the above statistical years is about 174%. According to the industry forecast, by 20 12, the market scale of electric bicycles will reach 1000 billion yuan, and the market potential of batteries for electric vehicles alone will exceed 50 billion yuan. 20 1 1,1In March of 8, the four ministries jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Electric Bicycles, but it finally became a dead letter. It means that the electric vehicle industry is facing huge market survival pressure in a long-term good environment, and policy restrictions will become an unresolved sword for many enterprises to survive; The external environment, weak international economic environment and weak recovery will also greatly reduce the export dividend of electric vehicles. In terms of electric vehicles, the development plan of energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry has been clearly reported to the State Council, and the plan has been raised to the national strategic level, aiming at arranging a new automobile industry bureau. As one of the seven strategic emerging industries identified by the state, the planned investment of new energy vehicles will reach 10 billion yuan in the next10 year, and the sales volume will be locked in the first place in the world.
According to the planning content disclosed by the industry, by 2020, new energy vehicles will be industrialized, energy-saving and new energy vehicles and key parts technologies will reach the international advanced level, and the market share of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 5 million. It is predicted that from 20 12 to 20 15, the average annual growth rate of electric vehicle sales in China market will reach about 40%, most of which will come from pure electric vehicle sales. By 20 15, China will become the largest electric vehicle market in Asia.