History of the Invention of Zipper
Zipper is also called zipper. It is one of the top ten inventions that facilitate people's lives in modern times.
the appearance of zippers was a century ago. At that time, in some places in central Europe, people tried to replace buttons and bows with belts, hooks and rings, so they began to experiment with zipper. Zippers were first used in military uniforms. In World War I, the American army first ordered a large number of zippers to make clothes for soldiers. However, the promotion of zipper in the folk was relatively late, and it was not accepted by women until 193 to replace the buttons of clothing.
The zipper got its present name in 1926. It is reported that Francot, a novelist, said at a business luncheon to promote a zipper sample, "Pull it and it will open! Pull again and it will be closed! " The characteristics of zipper are explained very concisely. The word zipper comes from this.
The rudiment of the invention of zipper originally came from the boots people wore. In the mid-19th century, boots were very popular, especially suitable for walking on muddy roads or roads with horse excrement. However, there were more than 2 hook buttons in boots, which took a long time to put on and take off. This shortcoming is a headache for inventors and costs sponsors a lot of money and patience. In order to avoid the trouble of putting on boots, people even put up with wearing boots all day. Finally, in 1851, an American named Elias Howe applied for a patent similar to zipper design, but it was not commercialized and even forgotten for half a century.
in p>1893 (1883), an American engineer named Judson (Kuwaiti) developed a "sliding fastener" and obtained a patent, which was the initial prototype of the zipper. The appearance of this device has had an impact on the button hooks used in high boots. However, this invention did not catch on quickly, mainly because the quality of this early locking device was not good enough, and it was easy to loosen at an inappropriate time and place, which made people embarrassed.
In p>1913, Swedish Sambak improved this rough locking device and turned it into a reliable commodity. The method he adopted was to attach the metal lock teeth to a flexible shaft. The working principle of this kind of zipper is that each tooth is a small hook, which can match the eyelet under a small tooth on the next and opposite belt. This kind of zipper is so strong that it can only be opened when the slider slides to open the teeth.
it didn't take a turn for the better until the 199s, when Whitcomb·L·Judson, a mechanical engineer from Chicago, came up with a slider-device to fit and separate two rows of buttons (the principle is similar to that of zipper, but the term zipper didn't appear until about 3 years later). Judison's invention was fortunate to get financial support from Pennsylvania lawyer Lewis Walker. Walker is highly interested in Judith's new design.
During World War I, the economy of the United States was very depressed. Steel cost five cents a pound, and workers were paid six dollars a week. The company reduced its staff, leaving only Sembeck and another employee. Sembeck was both a manager and an engineer. The company's economy encountered unprecedented difficulties. In order to repay the thousands of dollars of payment from Jobolin Company, which provided steel wire in arrears, Sembeck had to repair a machine to produce paper clips to make money. Fortunately, sponsors kept appearing. At that time, James O' Neill, the father of the playwright, toured the play The Count of Monte Cristo, and he was very interested in Sembeck's zipper.
Although there was a turning point in his career, Sembeck personally suffered an unprecedented blow, and his wife died in childbirth. When Sembeck was sad, he devoted himself to improving the zipper. In 1913, he applied for a patent again, and the patent license was approved in 1917 (patent number 1219881). Walker called this patent a "hidden hook" and was optimistic about the future. Walker renamed the company "Hookless Fastener Company" and moved the factory to Meadville.
senbeck further improved the hook-free button, and the tooth shape was changed into a spoon shape, with a convex top and a concave end. When the sliding device slides, the left and right "tooth parts" can be embedded, and then it will be separated when it slides back, which is called "hook-free No.2", and a machine for manufacturing the tooth parts was designed. In 1913, he officially announced that this technology was broken. "American Science" once took the patent of Senbeck as the cover story.
six months later, sembeck is going to mass-produce this button, and hook-free No.2 is going to go on the market.
Walker's second son also spent eight years working on the improvement of hook-free buttons. In 197, Josephine Calhoun of Florida also applied for a patent for a similar safety zipper. In the same year, Frank Kaifer of Colorado also applied for a patent. Inventors devoted to this research not only appeared in the United States, but the patent products of Katharina Kuhn-Moos and Henri Forster in Zurich in 1912 were the closest to Senbeck's final product. However, none of them became commodities like Hook No.2..
the market demand determines the success or failure of the product. Hook-free No.2 didn't have many orders at first. Mcreery, a department store in Pittsburgh, thinks that hook-free No.2 is very suitable for skirts and suits, and requires manufacturers to adopt hook-free No.2, but few imitators dare to take risks in using new products. In order to win customers, Sembeck constantly improves the performance of zippers to meet the needs.
Medwell's factory manufacturing technology is becoming more and more sophisticated, with 1,63 pieces of hook-free No.2 manufactured every day, and there are no defective products. As a result, orders are increasing. The first world war also brought new opportunities for new products, and the military's money belt increased the demand for hook-free No.2; The use of hook-free No.2 in the air force flight suit can not only save materials, but also have better windproof effect; The navy's life jacket also uses hook-free No.2. The government then specially allocated metal materials for production.
Although hook-free No.2 has been proved to be easy to use, its price is still too high to be popularized. Sembeck understands this and is committed to reducing production costs and improving manufacturing efficiency. He invented the S-L machine to reduce the unnecessary waste of materials in the production process, as long as the original raw materials are 41%. After reducing the production cost, the first product used was Locktite tobacco bag, and the sales were quite successful. At the end of 1921, the number of hook-free No.2 cigarettes required by tobacco companies reached an unprecedented number every week. In order to meet the high demand, the hook-free button company has built a new factory.
in p>1921, B.F.Goodrich Company of Ohio ordered a small amount of products from Hookless Button Company to be used in their rubber overshoes. After the trial, it was found that the effect was good, and a large number of orders were placed, and the shortcomings found were informed to the hook-free button company. After improvement, the company introduced the mysterious boot, which is characterized by being able to put on or take off as long as it is pulled.
The marketing staff were not satisfied with the name of Wonderful Boot, and wanted to find a name that could better show its characteristics. On the spur of the moment, the manager thought of the onomatopoeic word "Zip"-the sound of objects moving rapidly, so he renamed Wonderful Boot as Zipper Boot (see Figure 2). This year was 1923, and later "Zipper"-"Zipper" became all similar hook-free. It is a pity that Judison died in 199. He had never heard the term "zipper" before, nor did he see the successful popularity of his invention in the world.
that winter, Haofu Company sold nearly 5, pairs of zipper boots, and bought at least one million zippers from hook-less button companies every year in the mid-192s. The hook-less button companies felt that the word "hook-less" had a negative association, and the word "zipper" was invented by Haofu Company, so they came up with the term "Talon", and in 1937 the company changed its name to talon.
Before p>193, the hook-less button company could sell 2 million "eagle claws" every year, and the applications ranged from pen boxes to the hood of motorboats. However, the garment industry still waits and sees. By the mid-193s, Elsa Scappa Reilly, a fashion designer, used "eagle claws" extensively for the first time, and The New Yorker described the spring fashion show in 1935 as "full of zippers". Since then, the garment industry has gradually adopted zippers.
with the spread of products, the manufacturing technology of zippers has gradually spread all over the world. European countries such as Switzerland, Germany, Japanese, China and other Asian countries have started to set up zipper production workshops.
in p>1917, zippers were introduced to Japan. At that time, zippers were rare and could only be used as ornaments for dignitaries to show off their identity. In 1927, at the beginning of Showa, Japan, Daowei in Hiroshima Prefecture began to manufacture zippers and began to sell them under the trademark "Jig Brand". At that time, zippers were famous for their durability, so "clamp" became synonymous with zippers. Up to now, the Japanese still call "zipper" a "fixture".
in p>1932, Japan began to make a large number of zippers by hand. Due to the continuous development of advanced machines such as eccentric manual punching machine at that time, zippers can be mass-produced, and the price is gradually decreasing. The clothing and luggage industries began to use zippers, which made the industry's prospects very active.
In p>1934, zipper products from Shanghai, Hong Kong and the United States began to be exported in batches. The "Three S Chamber of Commerce", the predecessor of Japan Yoshida Industrial Co., Ltd., was founded on January 1 this year.
After p>1937, a large number of zippers were sold in North America and Central and South America. Zippers have finally emerged as a new industry, and similarly, zippers have become an important role in Japanese industry. However, the Pacific War broke out in 1941, and Japan eventually became a defeated country. The war brought a devastating blow to Japan's domestic industries, including the zipper industry. At that time, except for some military zipper manufacturers, almost all other factories were forced to change jobs or abandon their businesses.
after the war in p>1946, the demand for zippers increased rapidly due to the influence of American troops stationed in Japan at that time. However, the huge trauma caused by the war made the Japanese zipper industry unable to meet the demand in a short time. "Japanese manufacturing method", the shortcomings of handicraft manufacturing are exposed. At that time, it created a bad image of "zippers are easy to break" made in Japan.
in p>195, Japan's "Yoshida industrial co., ltd." imported an automatic tooth chain machine, which entered the first step of mechanized production. Then, the automatic stamping machine with slider invented by the company was successfully developed. It not only solved the shortcomings in manufacturing in the past, but also reformed the manufacturing process to the production process, thus driving the progress of the entire zipper industry in Japan. (Japan Yoshida Co., Ltd., product name YKK, has set up workshops in six places in China, such as Shengdi, Heibu, Yuehu, Tohoku, Shikoku and Kyushu, and set up factories in more than 4 countries and regions overseas.) In 1951, 3 fastener manufacturing machines made in Japan were put into use, and finally the modern factory equipment unmatched by the industry was completed.
almost at the same time as the development of Japanese zipper industry, some European countries, such as Switzerland and Germany, are also developing zippers. In 193s, Optilon, a Swiss company, was founded, with its headquarters in Zug, Switzerland. For decades, the company has taken "comfort" and "quality" as the first elements, and continuously improved its design. After technical cooperation with more than 3 foreign companies, new zipper varieties have emerged, and it has set up enterprises and factories all over the world, becoming a world-class zipper enterprise as famous as Tyrone Zipper Company in the United States and Yoshida Co., Ltd. in Japan.
in p>1953, Germany introduced the zipper made of plastic for the first time, which pioneered the nonmetallic zipper.
China's zipper production was introduced to Shanghai from Japan in 193. At that time, in Houjia Road, Shanghai, Wang He set up the first zipper factory in China. Later, Wu Xiangxin set up another zipper factory. In 1933, he founded Shanghai Samsung zipper factory.
in p>1949, there were more than 2 small and medium-sized zipper enterprises in China, with about 1, employees. Mainly by hand, the equipment is simple.
In p>1958, Shanghai Samsung Zipper Factory introduced the automatic rice metering machine made in Germany, and carried out technical reform, which increased the speed of the automatic rice metering machine from 1,44 revolutions per minute to 3, revolutions, equivalent to 23 times that of manual work. The production of slider is reformed from single-head punching to twelve-pass one-time molding, which improves the production efficiency by more than 5 times; High-efficiency special equipment such as leveling, brushing, belt washing, waxing, doubling and shuttleless loom was successfully reformed; The first technological revolution in China's zipper industry was realized by popularizing new processes and technologies such as liquid drawing of aluminum-magnesium alloy and sintering of cemented carbide into an integral die.
in p>1958, the invisible zipper (CONCEAL) began to be sold.
in p>1959, The Grand(L-shaped) went on sale.
in p>1961, Delrin resin zipper injection molding machine appeared, and Delrin resin zipper began to be sold.
in p>1963, EFJON double-bone zipper was sold.
in p>1971, knitted fabrics with BEULON zipper were sold.
In p>1974, Beijing introduced Swiss nylon zipper (horizontal) production equipment; With the introduction of eight sets of polyester zipper production equipment produced in France in Tianjin; Soon, domestic countries such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong and other places introduced non-metallic zipper equipment from Germany, Japan, Taiwan Province and other countries and regions, and non-metallic zipper began to develop in China.
in p>1978, the zipper for fishing nets began to be sold.
VISLON, a resin zipper with wings, went on sale in p>1979.
In p>1985, water-tight and air-tight zippers were sold.
in p>1988, JOYLONR track zipper went on sale.
in p>1989, ion plating zippers began to be sold.
in p>1991, the injection-molded QUICKLON zipper was sold.
In p>1992, EVER BRIGHT, VISLON thermal transfer zippers and injection molding (die-casting zippers) began to be sold.
in p>1993, Q meshe(QUICKLON), Q mate (paired QUICKLON) and Q touch (curtain track QUICKLON) began to be sold.
in p>1994, QUICKLON (continuous injection molding) with wide width was sold in Dali. Start selling