This is an article by Jiang Peng, the author of Wen Wei Po, which introduces the proposal on promoting technology transfer and transformation brought by Huang Zhen, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, academician of China Academy of Engineering and vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University, who attended the Third Session of the 13th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 2020.
In fact, the proposal is nothing new. They are all opinions and things that people in the industry often say. I always feel that I am an academician and a principal. Faced with the difficulty of such an important conference technology transfer, why not do more homework and come up with some creative, operable and easy-to-implement proposals?
First, the resources of scientific and technological achievements are vast, and there is too little real money.
Academician Huang Zhen believes that over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the output of scientific papers has ranked second in the world, and the number of invention patent applications has ranked first in the world for nine consecutive years. There are a lot of scientific and technological achievements resources waiting to be awakened.
On the surface, China's scientific and technological achievements are not only huge, but also quite scary! But few people really devote themselves to solving problems in production practice. We haven't fully mastered the cutting-edge technology in all walks of life, and we are still subject to foreign countries. Otherwise, American imperialism will decouple from us in science and technology and impose sanctions on us in science and technology, so there won't be a lot of papers and patents that can't come up with real swords and guns to deal with.
As a big producer of massive scientific and technological achievements, scientific research institutions should be very aware of the real value behind massive scientific and technological achievements.
Second, the ownership of scientific research achievements is not the fundamental obstacle to technology transfer.
Academician Huang believes that technology transfer must first further emancipate the mind and achieve a breakthrough in the ownership of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.
The attribution of scientific research results is indeed a very important issue in scientific research institutions. Colleges and universities have been dealing with this problem for many years. In fact, although it took a lot of words and energy, it certainly didn't get a good solution.
However, the ownership of scientific and technological achievements is definitely not the fundamental problem of technology transfer in colleges and universities! Compared with the fundamental problem of technology transfer, the ownership problem is still not a problem, not even a fake problem!
It is the fundamental problem of technology transfer that scientific research institutes produce real technological achievements. Academician Huang and Dean Huang of scientific research institutes have been putting the cart before the horse, ignoring the importance and staring at a property right issue of scientific and technological achievements. This is a stumbling block to technology transfer, and that is fooling the people!
Paying attention to innovation and creation, concentrating on innovation and creation, and sincerely engaging in innovation and creation are the fundamental ways to solve the problem of achievement transformation and technology transfer. The state only gives the property right of the achievement 100% to the achievement, so can the technology transfer be unimpeded? People in R&D research institutes, you should know!
In addition, under the existing market system environment, there are indeed good technologies and good results. Even if the property right problem is not solved well, the inventor of the achievement can naturally create thousands of ways to solve it. The problem is that in most cases, R&D personnel don't know where to transform and transfer research results and where to solve practical problems, and then complain that no one helps him with technology transfer.
Only when scientific research results solve the problems of production practice can they have the value of transfer and transformation, which is the fundamental premise of technology transfer and transformation. Otherwise, the premise is gone, and no matter how good the property right distribution scheme of scientific research achievements is, it is not necessary and valuable.
Third, the existing technology transfer professional system can't work at full capacity.
Academician Huang suggested that a number of training bases for technical managers should be set up in colleges and universities, which can be connected with disciplines such as business administration and engineering management, and master of technology transfer should be trained, and MBA and EMBA for technical managers should be set up, which should be included in the training system of professional talents in colleges and universities.
At present, technology transfer is difficult, and the fundamental problem is that scientific research institutions do not have scientific research achievements that can be transformed and transferred, rather than unprofessional staff. A clever woman can't cook without rice, which has nothing to do with the ability and professional problems of technology transfer workers.
There are many people and institutions engaged in technology transfer in China, both official and private. The official department has never seen the technology transfer work as busy as a bee, and the private sector has never seen the technology transfer business so good that money can't be counted on. Both official and non-governmental organizations mainly rely on government funding for their livelihood.
Therefore, colleges and universities are singing bad songs in high profile, and scrambling to start classes to train high-end technology transfer talents can only contribute to the growth of talent unemployment index and add to the human resources management department. At present, the limited and useful scientific research achievements of scientific research institutions are as clear as lice on the head of dysentery, and there is no need to train a large number of technology transfer talents to transform them.
In addition, technology transfer is a very practical work, and colleges and universities can't live without teachers, so how to cultivate excellent professional technology transfer talents? At the same time, the university's own technology transfer work has not been done well. How to teach and educate people is more reliable for social universities to train and exercise!
Fourth, the market should force the laboratory to cultivate the business model of incubating scientific and technological achievements.
Academician Huang also pointed out that it is urgent to introduce fiscal and taxation policies, actively guide venture capitalists to invest in the achievements of early projects, cultivate a large number of private scientific and technological achievements incubation and pilot institutions, form an effective business model, discover the value of science and technology by the market, and promote the effective combination of science and technology and capital by market mechanism.
The core reason why the massive scientific and technological achievements of scientific research institutions are difficult to transform and transfer lies in the formation of scientific research achievements, trying to guide the market from the laboratory, so that Academician Huang thinks that it is necessary to "discover the scientific and technological value from the market". It is "discovering the value of technology by the market" that makes technology transfer people, just like looking for a needle in a haystack, in vain.
The correct attitude of scientific research achievements should be based on the market demand, leading to the laboratory of scientific research institutions, that is, based on the technical problems that the market actually needs to solve, forcing the research and development of laboratories. Then, there will naturally be no obstacles and problems in the transfer and transformation of such research and development results.
Fifth, the massive information and service platform without value can't actually help technology transfer.
Academician Huang also specifically proposed to help build a number of information and service platforms "Taobao" and "JD.COM" for technology transfer. COM "operates according to the market mechanism, forming a four-in-one market composed of technology owners, technology demanders, technology service providers and capital owners, and providing all-round technology value-added services such as intellectual property rights, legal consultation, technology evaluation, pilot incubation, investment and financing, and technology trading for all parties involved in technology transfer.
Now the internet is very fashionable, and the field of technology transfer is certainly not fine. However, it seems that a technology transfer information platform that really operates according to the market mechanism has never been seen before. Why? Entrepreneurs who need technology, how can they trade and buy technological achievements through the internet, let alone look for them from the massive achievements.
Of course, in recent years, buying and selling patented technology through the Internet has fooled the government into commenting on national high-tech enterprises. It is said that a lot of patented technology transactions have indeed been made. The question is, can this kind of transaction be regarded as a healthy market operation mechanism? This should be through the proposal of the two sessions, and it is right to ban and eradicate it quickly!
Six, down-to-earth innovation and creation, for the general public to grow a little dignity and face.
In the final analysis, the technology transfer of scientific research institutions is actually a problem of how to innovate and create. How to solve various problems in production practice according to market demand is a fundamental problem that scientific research institutions urgently need to pay attention to and solve.
In recent years, relevant administrative departments have issued many policies related to technology transfer and transformation. The problem of innovation and creation of scientific research institutions is not solved, and it is still useless to attach importance to and highlight technology transfer, and the situation that core technologies are controlled by people will not be broken!
Let's innovate and create in a down-to-earth way! From the perspective of scientific and technological innovation and creation, we will increase more benefits for the national scientific and technological funds, solve more practical problems for the social economy, and strive for more dignity and face for the general public!
The transformation of scientific research achievements must promote the marketization and professional development of technology transfer, and the last mile of achievements transformation needs personnel guarantee, system guarantee, feasible model and platform guarantee. In 2020, Huang Zhen, member of the Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party and academician of China Academy of Engineering, attended the Third Session of the 13th China People's Political Consultative Conference and submitted a number of proposals, including one on promoting technology transfer and transformation.
Huang Zhen himself served as the vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and at the same time, as a professor, he also went through the road of transforming scientific research achievements. He said: "To get through the last mile of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, we must achieve a breakthrough as soon as possible, build two bridges and establish an information service platform to generate unlimited new supply and new kinetic energy for the source of China's innovation strategy." Technology transfer and transformation have important strategic significance. It is not only the primary motive force of high-level scientific research, but also the only way to promote the high-quality development of social economy. Through the effective combination of technology and market, more new products, new industries and new jobs are created, which is also the embodiment of the country's core competitiveness.
The survey found that China has made great progress in scientific research and technology in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. The output of excellent scientific and technological papers, hot topics and highly cited papers all rose to the second place in the world, and the number of invention patent applications ranked first in the world for nine consecutive years, and the amount ranked second in the world. However, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in China is less than 30%, less than half of that in developed countries. China has huge resources of scientific and technological achievements waiting to be awakened. In recent years, technology transfer has attracted the attention of the relevant state departments, but how to truly move from scientific research orientation to market orientation still has a long way to go, and the road is bumpy and tortuous.
Huang Zhen pointed out that to promote technology transfer, we must learn from past experiences and lessons, and the government cannot do everything. Instead, the government should build a platform, do a good job in top-level design, let the market play a leading role, fully respect the decisive role of the market in allocating technological innovation resources, innovate business models through technology transfer, discover scientific and technological value by the market, establish a technology capitalization mechanism, and promote the market-oriented and professional development of technology transfer.
He suggested:
First, further emancipate the mind and achieve a breakthrough in the ownership of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities in technology transfer. China's current laws and policies equate scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities with state-owned assets. Because of the fear of "loss of state-owned assets" and "accountability", the policy of "handing over scientific and technological achievements to researchers" in colleges and universities has been struggling, which has seriously hindered the technology transfer of scientific and technological achievements. However, only the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can realize its value attribute, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and scientific and technological entrepreneurship have social public welfare, so it is necessary to establish the special attributes of scientific and technological achievements.
Second, build a bridge between supply and demand of technology transfer and build a professional system of technology transfer. At present, there is a great shortage of technical managers in China, who are high-level compound talents with both professional background and understanding of economy, market and related laws. The academic education of technical managers in China is basically blank.
It is suggested that the professional system of technology transfer should be established as soon as possible, and relevant policies for the construction of technical managers should be issued. Relying on colleges and universities to set up a number of training bases for technical managers, they can be linked to disciplines such as business administration and engineering management, train masters in technology transfer, set up MBA and EMBA for technical managers, and incorporate them into the training system of professional talents in colleges and universities. At the same time, researchers at all levels are encouraged to engage in brokerage and intermediary work related to technology transfer in the form of "part-time". On this basis, we should vigorously develop independent market-oriented technology transfer intermediaries, so that the path and mode of university achievements transformation can really move from scientific research orientation to market orientation.
Third, build a bridge from laboratory results to products in technology transfer, and innovate and cultivate the business model of incubating scientific and technological achievements. At present, the cultivation and incubation of technology transfer achievements in China are often led by the government, and the effect is limited when the government pays, and there is no effective business model. There is an urgent need to introduce fiscal and taxation policies, actively guide venture capitalists to invest in early project achievements, cultivate a large number of private scientific and technological achievements incubation and pilot institutions, form an effective business model, discover the value of science and technology by the market, and promote the effective combination of science and technology and capital by the market mechanism.
Fourth, help establish a "technology transfer" information and service platform that operates according to the market mechanism. At present, in the domestic technology transfer market, a new model and business model of technology transfer and service based on modern information means such as big data and mobile terminals have not yet been formed, and there is widespread information asymmetry of scientific and technological achievements, and the supply and demand of technology are "blind". It is necessary to help build a batch of Taobao and JD.COM. COM, a technology transfer information and service platform operating according to the market mechanism, forms a four-in-one market composed of technology owners, technology demanders, technology service providers and capital owners, and provides comprehensive technology value-added services such as intellectual property rights, legal consultation, technology evaluation, pilot incubation, investment and financing, and technology trading for all parties involved in technology transfer.