If the patent application is "abnormally closed" and the agency does not refund the fee, it cannot be directly identified as fraud. Fraud is a criminal act, the core of which lies in deceiving others to obtain illegal benefits. In this case, whether it constitutes fraud depends on whether the agency's behavior is deceptive, such as whether it deliberately conceals information, provides false statements or commits other fraudulent acts. If it is only a problem in the process of patent application or the service is not satisfactory, it may be more a business dispute or a service contract problem than fraud.